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1

Source Apportionment of Microplastics in Environment from Sanitary Landfill – A Case Study of Muangpak Municipality Landfill, Thailand

Saengchut Phongthon, Viriya Haritsalak, Kongritti Nirun

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

278--284

EN

The controlling microplastics (MPs) at source is a management method that can effectively reduce the amount of contamination in the environment. The main source of MPs was landfills that the decomposition of solid waste, MPs has an impact on environmental quality especially the health of humans. This research was investigated of MPs contamination at landfill site in the Muangpak municipality for analysis of MPs quantitative and source apportionment of MPs. The results of the composition of municipal solid waste by quartering method found that bio-degradable solid waste was as high as 36.27% followed by general solid waste of 35.97% which was mostly plastic waste and effect the contamination of MPs in the environment. The distribution of MPs in environmental found that highest abundance was 66.44% of leachate sludge pond 1 followed by leachate sludge pond 2 (26.30%), sediment of surface water (3.32%), leachate pond 1 (1.04%), leachate pond 2 (0.80%), groundwater point 3 (0.62%), groundwater point 1 (0.58%), surface water (0.53%) and groundwater point 2 (0.37%). The contamination of polymer types of MPs at higher densities of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) than polypropylene (PP) was found in samples closest to landfill area especially leachate pond more than 90%. The source apportionment of MPs using statistical analysis found that plastic waste has correlated to occurrence of LDPE and plastic bottle waste has correlated to occurrence of HDPE that both types of plastic waste are related to the amount of general solid waste and recycle solid waste increases every year.

2

DCSNN optimized with hybrid Border Collie optimization and Archimedes optimization algorithms for solid waste prediction in Chennai

Vidya Soundarapandian, Janani Elangeswaran Srie Vidhya, Sreedevi B.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 50, nr 1

5--25

EN

The rapid growth of smart cities and industry causes an increase in waste production. The amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) increases by several factors, including population growth, economic status, and consumption trends. The inadequacy of basic trash data is a major issue for managing MSW. Numerous existing models based on solid waste prediction have been presented so far, but none of them predict solid waste accurately and also it consumes more time. To address these concerns, a deep convolutional spiking neural network for solid waste prediction (DCSNN-SWP) is proposed in this paper. Here, the real-time solid waste prediction data are gathered from the quantity of municipal corporation of Chennai (MCC), landfill, garden garbage, and coconut shell reports in Tamil Nadu (Chennai), such as Zone 9 (Nungambakkam), Zone 10 (Kodambakkam) and Zone 13 (Adyar). Then the collected solid waste data are pre-processed using the kernel correlation model. Then the pre-processing data is given to DCSNN-hybrid BCMO and Archimedes optimization algorithm which accurately predicts the solid waste as wet waste, dry waste, horticulture waste, and dumping yard for 2022-2032 years. The proposed DCSNN-SWP method has been implemented in Python.

3

Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Leachate Treatment by Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia and Scirpus validus through Constructed Wetlands

Sial Taufique Ahmed, Teewno Abdul Majid, Memon Sheeraz Ahmed, Mahar Rasool Bux, Korai M. Safar

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 6

303--314

EN

A sustainable performance evaluation of pilot-scale was carried through horizontal sub-surface Constructed Wetlands system for treating the leachate from constructed Municipal Solid Waste Landfill at Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro. The CWs were planted with Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia and Scirpus validus with sand and gravel. The leachate had been treated with two different cycles, first cycle was performed in the winter season whereas second cycle in summer, to differentiate the performance with seasonal variation. Chemical parameters of leachate pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids TSS, Ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), Total Phosphate PO43- (TP) and heavy metals, Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) were tested with intervals of certain weeks. The tests result showed that all parameters experienced a considerable reduction in their concentrations. Significant reduction efficiencies were recorded for parameters, BOD with 53–82%, COD with 32–46%, TSS with 59–75%, NH3-N with 90–92%, NO3-N with 85–87%, and TP with 48–64%, and heavy metals Pb and Cu with 28–48% respectively in four weeks of the first cycle by all three plants. Whereas, in the second cycle, the removal efficiencies of BOD 78–93%, COD 63–76%, TSS 52–83%, NH3-N 90–91% and NO3-N 91–92% and heavy metals Pb and Cu with 21–58% respectively in five weeks were observed by all three plants. Along with the experimentation, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals UN SDGs are also highlighted. This study helps achieving tremendous SDGs accompanying treatment of leachate.

4

Evaluation of the Energy Capacity of the Controlled Landfill from Mohamedia Benslimane by Three Theoretical Methods – Land Gem, IPCC, and TNO

Oukili Ahlam Idrissi, Chhiba Mostafa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

19--30

EN

The objective of this study was to estimate the content of methane produced and generated by the anaerobic biodegradation of the main organic fraction of municipal solid waste from the controlled landfill of Mohammedia-Benslimane (Morocco) by three theoretical models, based on the first order decay equation: LandGEM, IPCC and TNO. To carry out this study, the quantities of solid waste buried in this landfill since its inauguration in 2012 were used and the composition of the biogas in-situ in 2020 and 2021was determined. The quantities of waste that will be buried in this landfill from 2022 to 2032 were estimated by projection.The results of the analysis of the biogas generated in this controlled landfill in 2020–2021 indicate that it is composed of 59.59% CH4, 38.9% CO2, and 0.14% O2. This result indicates that the waste is in a stable methanogenesis phase. The results obtained by using the three methodologies show that the total volume of CH4 generated during the period 2012–2021 was 32.59 Mm3 according to the IPCC model, 20.95 Mm3 according to the LandGEM model and 20.96 Mm3 according to the TNO model. The total volume of CH4 that will be produced during the period 2022–2032 has been projected to 107.48 Mm3 by the IPCC model, to 76.84 Mm3 by the LandGEM model, while the total volume of CH4 projected under the TNO method will be 67.67 Mm3. The maximum methane production will reach a value of 12.07 Mm3, 9.46 Mm3 and 7.82 Mm3 for the IPCC, LandGEM and TNO models, respectively. In 2021, the volume of methane estimated by the three models is higher than that on-site measurement by a factor of 3.5(IPCC), 2.4 (LandGEM) and 2.3 (TNO). The results clearly indicate that the three models over predict methane generations when compared to the on-site generations. According to the LandGEM methodology, the electricity estimated will reach a maximum value of 33 GWh/year in 2032.The efficient use of methane generated by this controlled landfill as a source of electrical energy in the upcoming years can be an option for the sustainable management of waste.

5

Metrological Aspects of Controlling the Rotational Movement Parameters of the Auger for Dewatering Solid Waste in a Garbage Truck

Wójcik Waldemar, Bereziuk Oleh V., Lemeshev Mykhailo S., Bohachuk Volodymyr V., Polishchuk Leonid K., Bezsmertna Oksana, Smailova Saule, Kurmagazhanova Saule

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2023

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Vol. 69, No. 2

233--238

EN

In the article, a device for measuring the parameters of the rotational movement of the auger for dewatering solid waste is proposed based on the analysis of signal processing methods and measurement of physical quantities. It can be used in the development of high-performance special vehicles for transporting waste as the main link in the structure of machines for the collection and primary processing of solid waste. The structural scheme of the means and block diagram of the microcontroller control program algorithm for implementation of the device for measuring the parameters of the rotational motion are proposed. The main technical characteristics of the proposed means are given. The results of experimental tests for measuring the parameters of rotational motion are shown. The results of experimental studies, which are given in the work, confirmed the reliability of the measured parameters.

6

From waste to value: recovering critical raw materials from urban mines in the European Union and United States

Jędrusiak Radosław, Bielowicz Barbara, Drobniak Agnieszka

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2023

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T. 39, z. 3

43--63

EN

Municipal waste is a global issue and they are generated in all countries around the world. Both in the European Union and the United States, a common method of non-recyclable waste utilization is thermal incineration with energy recovery. As a result of this treatment, residual waste like bottom ash, air pollution control residues and fly ashes are generated. This research shows that residues from waste incineration can be a potential source of critical raw materials. The analysis of the available literature prove that the residues of municipal waste incinerators contain most of the elements important for the US and EU economies. Material flow analysis has shown that each year, the content of elemental copper in residues may be 29,000 Mg (USA) and 51,000 Mg (EU), and the amount of rare earth elements in residues exceeds their mining in the EU. In the case of other elements, their content may exceed their extraction by even over 300%. The recovery of elements is difficult due to their encapsulation in the aggregate matrix. The heterogeneous nature of residues and the many interactions between different components and incineration techniques can make the process of recovery complicated. Recovery plants should process as much of the residues as possible to make their recovery profitable. However, policy makers from the EU and the US are introducing new legal regulations to increase the availability of critical raw materials. In the EU, new regulations are planned that will require at least 15% of the annual consumption of critical raw materials to come from recycling. Therefore, innovative technologies for recovering critical raw materials from waste have a chance to receive subsidies for research and development.

PL

Odpady komunalne stanowią globalny problem i są wytwarzane we wszystkich krajach na całym świecie. W Unii Europejskiej i Stanach Zjednoczonych powszechną metodą utylizacji odpadów nienadających się do procesów recyklingu jest ich termiczne spalanie z odzyskiem energii. W wyniku tego procesu generowane są pozostałości procesowe, takie jak popioły denne, stałe pozostałości z oczyszczania spalin i popioły lotne. Badania wykazały, że te odpady mogą być potencjalnym źródłem surowców krytycznych. Analiza dostępnej literatury dowodzi, że pozostałości z instalacji termicznego przekształcania odpadów komunalnych zawierają większość surowców krytycznych ważnych dla gospodarki USA i UE. Analiza przepływu materiałów wykazała, że zawartość miedzi pierwiastkowej w pozostałościach może wynosić rocznie 29 000 Mg (USA) i 51 000 Mg (UE), a ilość metali ziem rzadkich w pozostałościach przewyższa ich wydobycie w UE. W przypadku innych pierwiastków, ich zawartość może przewyższać wydobycie nawet o ponad 300%. Odzyskiwanie pierwiastków jest jednak trudne ze względu na ich agregację. Heterogeniczna natura pozostałości i liczne interakcje między różnymi składnikami oraz technikami spalania mogą komplikować proces odzysku. Instalacje specjalizujące się w przetwarzaniu pozostałości muszą przetwarzać jak najwięcej odpadów aby ich odzysk był opłacalny. Jednak politycy z UE i USA wprowadzają nowe regulacje prawne w celu zwiększenia dostępności surowców krytycznych. W UE planowane są nowe przepisy wymagające, aby minimum 15% rocznego zużycia surowców krytycznych pochodziło z recyklingu. Dlatego innowacyjne technologie odzysku surowców krytycznych z odpadów mają szanse na uzyskanie dotacji na badania i rozwój.

7

Towards circular cities – exploring the circular economy approach in context of municipal solid waste

Rivera Alejandro Guzman, Jarzębowski Sebastian, Romero León Katia, Bourlakis Michael

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2023

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nr 3

50--61

EN

The objective of this research is to determine whether the city under investigation in a developing country is pursuing a "circular city" model based on various indicators and the city's current characteristics. The city under analysis was Xalapa, the capital city of the state of Veracruz in Mexico. To accomplish our research goals, we employed a qualitative methodology. We conducted interviews with the government representative responsible for municipal solid waste management during the designated period, as well as with the proprietors of the 18 most prominent private waste collection centers. Additionally, we obtained relevant information from the government through the transparency platform. For our assessment, we utilized the waste-focused indicators provided by L. Girard and F. Nocca. Our analysis indicates that the city under investigation is not on the trajectory towards adopting a "circular city" model. However, the context of municipal solid waste (MSW) offers valuable suggestions for future implementation of circular economy (CE) practices. The findings presented in this study offer valuable insights for researchers in other developing countries who are also engaged in exploring the issues discussed. Also, the lessons derived from this study hold relevance for cities in developing countries, as they grapple with environmental and economic degradation similar to the city studied.

PL

Celem tego badania jest ustalenie – na podstawie różnych wskaźników i obecnej charakterystyki miasta – czy badane miasto w kraju rozwijającym się realizuje model „miasta o obiegu zamkniętym”. Analizowanym miastem była Xalapa, stolica stanu Veracruz w Meksyku. Aby osiągnąć nasze cele badawcze, zastosowaliśmy metodologię jakościową. Przeprowadziliśmy wywiady z przedstawicielem rządu odpowiedzialnym za zarządzanie stałymi odpadami komunalnymi w wyznaczonym okresie, a także z właścicielami 18 najbardziej znanych prywatnych centrów zbiórki odpadów. Ponadto uzyskaliśmy odpowiednie informacje od rządu za pośrednictwem platformy przejrzystości. Do naszej oceny wykorzystaliśmy wskaźniki dotyczące odpadów dostarczone przez L. Girarda i F. Noccę. Nasza analiza wskazuje, że badane miasto nie znajduje się na ścieżce prowadzącej do przyjęcia modelu „miasta o obiegu zamkniętym”. Jednak kontekst stałych odpadów komunalnych (MSW) oferuje cenne sugestie dotyczące przyszłego wdrażania praktyk gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym (CE). Wyniki przedstawione w tym badaniu oferują istotne spostrzeżenia dla badaczy w innych krajach rozwijających się, którzy również są zaangażowani w badanie omawianych zagadnień. Ponadto wnioski wyciągnięte z tego badania mają znaczenie dla miast w krajach rozwijających się, ponieważ zmagają się one z degradacją środowiskową i gospodarczą podobnie jak badane miasto.

8

Life Cycle assessment of traditional market solid waste management in Malang Regency, Indonesia

Hardianto Hardianto, Tjahjadi Martinus Edwin, Sunaryo Dedy Kurnia, Sudiasa I Nyoman

Environment Protection Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 49, nr 3

43--52

EN

Traditional markets in Malang Regency are divided into four classes with particular classifications. The traditional market solid waste research aims to show the environmental impact of solid waste management efforts using life cycle assessment (LCA) and selected scenarios to reduce solid waste sustainably. The planned management follows four scenarios: Scenario 0 represents the baseline scenario. Scenario 1 assumes that non-composted solid waste recycling is carried out. Scenario 2 assumes that composting takes place. Finally, Scenario 3 assumes that non-composted solid waste recycling and composting are integrative ely carried out by building a reduced reuse recycle solid waste treatment facility (TPS 3R) near the market. The environmental impact analysis was carried out with various impact categories (carcinogens, respiratory organics, respiratory inorganics, climate change, radiation, ozone layer, ecotoxicity, acidification/eutrophication, land use, minerals, and fossil fuels). The results show that the smallest environmental impact is in Scenario 3 in most classes, namely the scenario where non-composted solid waste was integrative ely recycled and composted.

9

A Strategic Analysis of the Prerequisites for the Implementation of Waste Management at the Regional Level

Kotsiuba Iryna, Herasymchuk Olena, Shamrai Volodymyr, Lukianova Vitalina, Anpilova Yevheniia, Rybak Oksana, Lefter Iulia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

55-66

EN

In most settlements of Ukraine there are no existing programs for municipal solid waste management (MSW) and schemes for sanitary cleaning of settlements, there are no registers of waste generation, treatment and disposal and disposal sites, which leads to the formation of landfills, deteriorating sanitation settlements and increase the level of environmental danger in the region. The article presents the results of research that indicate that the existing structure of the MSW management system in Ukraine at the regional level (on the example of Zhytomyr region) is imperfect. It is characterized by fragmentation, disunity and heterogeneity. The peculiarity of the system is the lack of interaction between government agencies, environmental services and the local community, which does not provide a sufficient level of control over the sanitary condition of territories, as well as collection, transportation, disposal and disposal of solid waste. The aim of the study is to strategically analyze the preconditions for the implementation of municipal solid waste management systems to increase the level of environmental safety in the united territorial communities through the introduction of environmental logistics and crowdsourcing mechanisms. The methodological basis for assessing and selecting methods and ways to improve the environmental safety of the study region by improving the waste management system (hereinafter - waste management) is a systematic approach that allows analysis of the problem and ensures search efficiency for management decisions. The SWOT and PEST analysis identified the strengths and weaknesses of the existing waste management system and the prerequisites for the implementation of a modern system of solid waste management. The increase in the number of business structures that are ready and able to implement modern methods of waste disposal and identified the availability of modern innovative management methods in public authorities and local governments. However, the low efficiency of the existing waste management system, the lack of communication and coordination of actions between stakeholders in solving the problem pose a threat to maintaining the environmental security of the region.

10

Possibilities of using ash from thermal treatment of municipal solid waste in hardening slurries

Szarek Łukasz, Falaciński Paweł, Drużyński Piotr

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2023

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Vol. 49, no 2

76--84

EN

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the amount of municipal waste generated in Poland. In 2020, 21.6% of all municipal waste was subjected to a thermal treatment process. Consequently, the amount of ashes generated is significant. Due to their properties, it is difficult to utilize this type of waste within concrete production technology. One of the waste utilization methods is to add it to hardening slurries used in, among others, cut-off walls. The article assesses the possibility of using ashes from municipal waste incineration as an additive to hardening slurries. It also discusses the technological properties of hardening slurries with the addition of the ashes in question. The experiment showed that it is possible to compose a hardening slurry based on tested ashes with technological properties suitable for use as a cut-off wall. Further research directions were proposed.

PL

W ostatnich latach w Polsce nastąpił wyraźny wzrost ilości wytwarzanych odpadów komunalnych. W 2020 roku 21,6% wszystkich odpadów komunalnych zostało poddanych procesowi termicznego przekształcania. W związku z tym ilość wytwarzanych popiołów jest znaczna. Ze względu na ich właściwości trudno jest wykorzystać ten rodzaj odpadów w ramach technologii betonu. Jedną z metod wykorzystania odpadów jest dodawanie ich do zawiesin twardniejących stosowanych m.in. w przesłonach przeciwfiltracyjnych. W artykule oceniono możliwość wykorzystania popiołów ze spalania odpadów komunalnych jako dodatku do zawiesin twardniejących. Omówiono również właściwości technologiczne zawiesin twardniejących z dodatkiem badanych popiołów. Przeprowadzony eksperyment wykazał, że możliwe jest skomponowanie zawiesiny twardniejącej na bazie badanych popiołów o właściwościach technologicznych odpowiednich do zastosowania jako ściana odcinająca. Zaproponowano dalsze kierunki badań.

11

Geospatial indices as an alternative for environmental impact assessment of dumped waste

Mahmood Khalid, Iftikhar Wajiha, Faizi Fiza

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 1

309--322

EN

Urban municipalities throughout the world are facing grave challenge on the environmental front due to generation and mismanagement of massive amounts of municipal solid waste. This study focuses on the ecological damage caused by Municipal Solid Waste Open Dumps (MSWOD) in their vicinity. To study the adverse ecological impacts, satellite-based vegetation health indices and thermal measurements have been used as bio-thermal indicators to assess the deterioration of vegetation health and thermal heterogeneity around Mehmood Booti Municipal Solid Waste Open Dump in Lahore, Pakistan. Freely available satellite data and appropriate GIS techniques have been utilized to form basis of geospatial proximity analysis, making the approach efficient and economical. Zonal statistics and curve smoothing functions have been combined to prepare distance-dependent profiles that were subject to curve flattening technique for determination of impact range and severity in different seasonal conditions. Varying trends of high and low ranges for both indicators provide insight into factors other than main source of hazardous emissions, controlling bio-thermal conditions in the area as minor influencers. Similarly, role of meteorological variables in influencing waste decomposition and supporting vegetation health has also been distinguished. It has been discovered that the hazardous bio- and thermal influence zones around the study site have undergone expansion up to 761 m and 694 m, respectively, as compared to 650 m reported previously. Overall, the study supports the use of geospatial indicators to monitor and study environmental variables with a particular focus on emissions from MSWOD resulting from waste decomposition.

12

Possibilities for the production and use of hydrogen as a fuel in existing boilers

Sigal Oleksandr, Paderno Dmytro, Nizhnyk Nataliia

Journal of New Technologies in Environmental Science

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2022

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Vol. 6, nr 2

65--66

EN

The process scheme is developed for climate neutral production and use of hydrogen as a fuel in existing boilers at heat supply enterprises.

13

LandGEM Biogas Estimation, Energy Potential and Carbon Footprint Assessments of a Controlled Landfill Site. Case of the Controlled Landfill of Mohammedia-Benslimane, Morocco

Oukili Ahlam Idrissi, Mouloudi Meriyem, Chhiba Mostafa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

116--129

EN

Landfills throughout the world are contributing to the global warming problem. This is due to the existence of the most important greenhouse gases in landfill gas; namely, methane and carbon dioxide. Methane has a high potential for energy production and by utilizing the proper technology, large amounts of energy can be extracted from it. This paper deals with the estimation of methane emissions from the controlled municipal solid waste landfill of Mohammedia-Benslimane (MB) in Morocco. Methane emissions were calculated using the LandGEM method. In this research, the following parameters were evaluated: the amount of landfilled waste, the characteristics of the landfill and the composition of the landfilled waste, as well as the climatic conditions prevailing in the region. According to the LandGEM model, the total amount of methane generated from approximately 3.663 E+06 kg of municipal solid waste that will be buried of in the MB controlled landfill over 20 years,2012 to 2032, is 1.76 E+08 m3. For the year 2020, the estimated electrical energy production in the landfill is 1.78 E+07 kWh. Regarding the carbon footprint for this landfill, the landfilling of household solid waste at the MB landfill has resulted in a production of about 499,238,000 kg CO2e in 2020 since its opening in 2012, according to the LandGEM model. These huge amounts of greenhouse gas are related to the fact that the waste buried at this landfill is highly organic. By installing an efficient system to capture and flare the biogas generated in this landfill, the management of this landfill is actively contributing to the protection of the environment by mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, particularly methane.

14

Termiczne przekształcanie odpadów komunalnych jako element domykający system gospodarki obiegu zamkniętego

Wielgosiński Grzegorz

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2022

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Nr 12

24--27

PL

Niezależnie od wdrażania GOZ w systemie gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi zawsze będzie istniał strumień tzw. odpadów resztkowych, po selektywnej zbiórce, którego właściwości paliwowe trzeba będzie wykorzystać, by zmniejszyć ilość składowanych odpadów poniżej 10%. Oznacza to konieczność wybudowania jeszcze kilkunastu nowych instalacji termiczno przekształcania odpadów, aby domknąć system gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi w Polsce. Wbrew powszechnemu mniemaniu są to instalacje bezpieczne, niskoemisyjne, niestwarzające zagrożenia dla ludzi i środowiska, powszechnie budowane i eksploatowane na całym świecie.

EN

Regardless of the implementation of circular economy in the municipal waste management system, there will always be a stream of so-called residual waste, after selective collection, whose fuel properties will have to be used to reduce the amount of landfilled waste below 10%. This means that it is necessary to build a dozen or so new waste thermal treatment installations to complete the municipal waste management system in Poland. Contrary to popular belief, these are safe, low-emission installations that do not pose a threat to people and the environment, commonly built and operated all over the world.

15

Application of two-stage aerobic-reagent technology for purifying filtrates of dumps and municipal solid waste landfills

Vronska Nataliya Yu., Malovanyy Myroslav S., Zhuk Volodymyr M., Tymchuk Ivan S., Grechanyk Ruslan M., Soloviy Khrystyna M., Slyusar V.T., Marakhovska A.O.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2022

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Nr 2

7--9

EN

Studies of the filtrate of a typical Chervonohrad municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill (Lviv region, Ukraine) were conducted and the optimum operating parameters of stages of aerobic biochemical treatment and reagent treatment of typical filtrate of Chervonohrad MSW landfill by two-stage technology were obtained. Experimental results on the conditions of implementation and efficiency of aerobic biochemical purification of filtrates, as well as reagent purification of filtrates by the modified Fenton method were obtained.

16

Monitoring of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Impact on Environment in Poltava Region, Ukraine

Pysarenko Pavlo, Samojlik Maryna, Taranenko Anna, Tsova Yurii, Horobets Maksym, Sergii Filonenko

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 5

54--60

EN

Municipal solid waste landfills are mostly bordering on rural areas and may to cause the environmental degradation. Therefore, the issue of monitoring and assessment of negative landfill impact on bordering areas, including agricultural land, is relevant. The aim of the study is monitoring and assessment of landfill impact on air pollution, soil contamination, pollutants content of leachate from landfills. Monitoring of air pollution was measured on the soil sites situated at the landfill, at the border between landfill and agricultural areas, at the distance of 200 m from the landfill. The following pollutants were investigated: CO2 , NO2 , NH3 , H2S, C7H8, C8H10 dust. Monitoring of soil contamination was measured at the border between landfill and agricultural areas; at the distance of 50, 100, 200 and 500 m from the landfill. The following pollutants were investigated: Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, petroleum products. Monitoring of leachate pollution was conducted by following pollutants: NO2-, NO3-, NH4, SO42-, Cl-, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, PO43-, petroleum products, surface active substance. Sampling of the leachate was carried out at the territory of the landfill. The results of our study show that 90% of studied landfills are in close proximity to agricultural land and have technogenic impact on the bordering areas. The assessment of landfill impact on atmospheric air established the exceeding of MPC of all investigated pollutants at the border between landfill and agricultural land. Exceeding of the MPC of pollutants in atmospheric air at a distance of 200 m and more have not been established. The assessment of landfill impact on soil contamination established the exceeding of MPC of heavy metals and petroleum products at the border between landfill and agricultural land and at a distance of 50 m and 100 m from landfills. Exceeding of the MPC of heavy metals and petroleum products in the soil at a distance of 200 m and more has not been established. The results of the assessment of leachate from landfill sites show the exceeding of MPC of investigated pollutants for 60% studied areas. This creates an additional chemical load on groundwater, soils and can lead to decreasing the quality of agricultural products which grown in technogenic pressured areas. Thus, our research confirmed the existence of a threat to environmental and food security on areas, bordering on the landfills.

17

Integrated Aerobic-Reagent Technology for the Pre-Treatment of Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

Malovanyy Myroslav, Zhuk Volodymyr, Boichyshyn Lidiya, Tymchuk Ivan, Vronska Nataliya, Grechanik Ruslan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

135--141

EN

Accumulation of leachate at municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills is a significant environmental problem. The analysis of known technologies of leachate treatment was performed. It was established that it is not effective to use the same technology to treat leachate in two different periods: before the landfill closure and reclamation process as well as afterwards. The application of integrated two-stage aerobic-reagent pre-treatment technology with subsequent full treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants was proposed for these purposes. The results of laboratory studies of optimal parameters of technology realization for the pre-treatment of Lviv MSW landfill leachate were presented. Recommendations for the practical implementation of the combined two-stage aerobicreagent technology for the landfill leachate pre-treatment were developed.

18

Emissions from municipal solid waste transport vehicles : case study Banja Luka region (B&H)

Bjelić Draženko, Malinović Borislav, Nešković Markić Dragana

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2022

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Vol. 29, nr 4

487--500

EN

Waste transport is just one of the segments in the solid municipal waste management. Throughout the entire waste life cycle, starting by generation of waste, via storing, collecting, transporting, recycling, treating and depositing, several different polluting substances are emitted. The solid waste transport, apropos, transporting vehicles emit into the air different pollution substances such as CO2, CO, NOx, NMVOC, PM, PAHs etc. These substances can present certain problems for human health and environment. The research subject of this study is the analysis of solid waste transportation within the Banja Luka region (B&H), from towns and municipalities belonging to the region and transporting their mixed municipal waste to the Banja Luka landfill. In the analysis, following parameters are included: distance to the landfill, type of vehicle used for the waste transportation, type of the engine, vehicle capacity and the number of tours during a year. The study estimates the emission of CO, NOx, NMVOC, and PM2.5 during one year using the listed parameters and by applying EMEP/EEA guidelines for estimating the emission of polluting substances into the air. The largest emission of polluting substances (CO, NOx, NMVOC and PM2.5) is from the oldest vehicles. The newest vehicles had a significantly lesser emission of these polluting substances into the air. The recommendation for decreasing the emission from the transportation vehicles is to organise the transfer-stations, procure new vehicles, optimise the collection routes and decrease the number of tours, as well as to better the usage of the vehicle capacity level.

19

Recycling of selected fraction of municipal solid waste as artificial soil substrate in support of the circular economy

Alwaeli Mohamed, Alshawaf Mohammad, Klasik Marta

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2022

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Vol. 48, no. 4

68--77

EN

Regions with warm climate are poor in organic matter or have a deficit of soil. The purpose of the work was to select the optimal mix from biodegradable wastes such as cardboard (Cb), natural textiles (Tx) newspaper (Np), colored newspaper (Cp), and office paper (Op) for creating artificial soil by combining these materials with compost and sand. To select the optimum mix, 15 samples were taken (3 from each type of waste in the following proportions: 25%, 50% and 75% ). The optimum mix was analyzed for grass germination rate and root development. Tests were performed in the laboratory with conditions similar to those of regions with warm climate and soil deficiency in a specially designed testing spot (bioterm). The effects of particular mixes on plant germination rate and growth were measured. Out of all mixes, the textile compositions Tx50 and Tx25 supported best the plant propagation. During the whole experimental process, the grass showed various growth tendencies. The best results for grass height were observed for mixes with textiles and colored newspaper. Based on this data and subsequent laboratory research, the best substrate composition was selected. For the whole period of the tests, germination rate in the pot with the mix was higher than the germination rate in the control sample with compost. Considering the experimental conditions of this research, the tested substrates can be used to aid in plant propagation, especially in regions with warm climate and soil deficiencies, and for restoration of damaged land areas.

20

Investigation of thermal decomposition and gases release from pre-drying municipal solid waste (PMSW) via pyrolysis technology

Jamro Imtiaz Ali, Khoso Salim, Shah Syyed Adnan Raheel, Ali Sadaquat, Ali Fahmeed, Hassane Haseeb Ul

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2022

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Vol. 15, no. 4

119--131

EN

Present study investigates the thermal decomposition and syngas potential of pre-drying municipal solid waste (PMSW) via pyrolysis using thermo-gravimetric (TGA) analyzer coupled with the mass spectrometer (MS). The experiments were performed at the heating rates 5 and 15°C/min. Differential thermo-gravimetric (DTG) curves exposed four conversion phases at lower heating rate and two conversion phases at higher heating rate. MS analysis of the evolved gases H2, CO, and CH4 revealed that the devolatilization phase played a major role during the processes. Higher H2 generation was observed at a lower heating rate due to more contact among PMSW and process temperature. Higher CO and CH4 were also favored at lower heating rate. Total yield of gases was found higher due to higher CO generation. For the estimation of activation energy (Ea), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) kinetic model was applied at the conversion rates (αα) ranged from 5-35. In overall, the lower heating rate supported the higher WMSW conversion as well as higher gas released during the process. Hence, this study will help to evaluate the H2 potential of the PMSW using pyrolysis thermal technology.