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Natural convection from four circular cylinders in across arrangement within horizontal annular space

Laidoudi Houssem

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

2020

Vol. 14, no. 2

98--102

Numerical investigation is accomplished to study the roles of governing parameters of natural convection on the fluid motion and heat transfer rate of four heated circular cylinders placed inside a circular enclosure of cold surface. The cylinders are positioned in across arrangement. The representative results are obtained within the ranges of initial conditions as: Prandtl number (Pr = 7.1 to 1000) and Rayleigh number (Ra = 103 to 105). The average Nusselt number of each inner cylinder is computed. The effects of thermal buoyancy strength on the fluid motion and temperature are also illustrated. It was found that the heat transfer rate of cylinders depends significantly on the position inside the enclosure. Moreover, the role of Prandtl number on flow and thermal patterns is negligible. The values of Nusselt number are also given, which can be useful for some engineering applications.

Computational study of transport aircrafts landing gear during touchdown

Mazuro P., Rychter T., Teodorczyk A.

Journal of KONES

2006

Vol. 13, No. 3

197-205

The conventional crankshaft piston engines dominate in the automotive industry. Automotive development centers seek for innovations in the engine efficiency, ecology, fuel and air supply, control or economics but the research area mostly refers to conventional constructions. The authors propose to come back to old and forgotten constructions called barrel engines which originate from the period between First and Second World Wars. The design and properties of barrel engines differ a lot from conventional crankshaft engines. The most characteristic feature of barrel engines is that the cylinder axis is parallel to drive shaft axis and due to multiple cylinders they have axial symmetry. Although there are not many historical applications and production experience of barrel engines, the authors believe they may offer a few really significant advantages to contemporary automotive business. The paper presents unique classification of barrel engines specific mechanisms to convert reciprocating motion of the piston to the rotary motion of the crank shaft. The examples of historical applications of each group of mechanisms are given with comments to their mode of action.