Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Impact of lift-off in 3MA-NDT harmonic analysis signal-via numerical methods and experiment

Amrane Cylia, Mimoune Souri Mohamed, Khene Mohamed Lotfi, Gabi Yasmine, Mohellebi Hassane, Alloui Lotfi, Straß Benjamin, Wolter Bernd

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2021

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R. 97, nr 12

45--50

EN

In this paper, the impact of lift-off on the 3MA minaturized probe head via harmonic analysis method is discussed. The electromagnetic signals are examined using two numerical computational methods; the finite element method (FEM) and the finite volume method (FVM) by taking into account the hysteretic and eddy current behavior of ferromagnetic parts. The investigation is run on bilayer specimen and the result demonstrates the ability and accuracy of both FVM and FEM to reprocduce the experimental signals. Beside this, simulations are carried out for various lift-off in order to evaluate the skin depth and limit of the magnetic NDT technique.

PL

W artykule omówiono wpływ oderwania na głowicę sondy zminaturyzowanej 3MA metodą analizy harmonicznej. Sygnały elektromagnetyczne są badane za pomocą dwóch numerycznych metod obliczeniowych; metoda elementów skończonych (MES) i metoda objętości skończonych (FVM) z uwzględnieniem histerezy i zachowania prądów wirowych elementów ferromagnetycznych. Badanie prowadzone jest na próbce dwuwarstwowej, a wynik wykazuje zdolność i dokładność zarówno FVM, jak i MES do odtworzenia sygnałów doświadczalnych. Oprócz tego przeprowadzane są symulacje dla różnych podniesień w celu oceny głębokości skóry i granic magnetycznej techniki NDT.

2

Team durability test of a 1.3 MW locomotive diesel engine with prototype piston rings

Kaźmierczak Andrzej, Tkaczyk Marcin

Combustion Engines

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2021

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R. 60, nr 4

77--82

EN

Objective of this work was to realize a test of durability of railway engine EMD645 with power about 1300 kW. Within the framework of this test were investigated a prototyped piston’s rings with diamond embankment. Piston rings are made of chromium layer with including of diamond powders technology with a porous chromium coating, where in pores is deposited on said diamond powder with a grain size about 1 micron. The work will be carried out of an analysis of collaboration piston-piston rings-cylinder unit in internal combustion engine and an analysis of the use of hard materials (diamond powder) in friction pairs. During work of this unit we can observe wear of piston rings, precisely - of coating which is deposited on ring to prolong service life. After testing of the locomotive engine EMD645 on the basis of the collected results are developed conclusions of the wearing intensity on piston ring and relating them to the requirements for coatings. The work aims to show the possibilities and benefits of the application of new protective coatings on structural elements of the internal combustion engine in order to reduce their wearing, which is consistent with the observed trend of technology development.

3

Dependence of mechanical and tribotechnical properties of multilayered TiN/ZrN coatings on deposition

Bondar O. V., Stolbovoy V. A., Kylyshkanov M. K., Plotnikov S. V., Erdybaeva N. K., Piotrowska K., Czarnacka K., Karwat C.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2015

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R. 91, nr 12

233-236

EN

C-PVD method (vacuum arc deposition of a cathodes) was used for deposition of multilayered coatings, based on TiN/ZrN systems, with different thickness of bilayers. Total thickness of the coatings was 11 – 19 μm, thickness of bilayers varied from 39 to 305 nm for different samples depending on deposition conditions. Microstructure of the coatings, mechanical and tribotechnical properties, and wear resistance were explored. Influence of the bilayer thickness on such properties of the coatings, as hardness, elasticity modulus, wear resistance and wear ratio were explored.

PL

Metoda C-PVD (napylanie próżniowo-łukowe katod) została użyta do osadzania wielowarstwowych powłok, na bazie układów TiN/ZrN o zmiennej grubości pojedynczych warstw. Całkowita grubość powłoki wynosiła 11 – 19 μm, przy czym grubość pojedynczych warstw wahała się od 39 do 305 nm dla różnych próbek zależnie od warunków osadzania. Zbadano mikrostrukturę powłok, właściwości mechaniczne i trybologiczne oraz odporność na zużycie.

4

Point Defects in GaAs Photonic Crystals

Dissanayake S. E., Wijewardena Gamalath K. A. I. L.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2015

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Vol. 43

91--102

EN

Applying plane wave expansion method to one dimensional multilayer system formed from alternating layers of GaAs and air, a defect mode was artificially introduced by removing a GaAs layer at the centre of a supercell and the band structures and mode field distributions were obtained. The defect mode normalized frequency was 0.28. The parameters for developing a Febry-Perot filter in the visible frequencies are given. The point defects in a two dimensional square lattice formed from GaAs rods of radius 0.16a in air was created by removing one GaAs rod at the centre of a supercell and also by increasing the centre GaAs rod radius to 0.5a. The removal of the rod folded the band structure 25 times creating a localized evanescent defect mode. The increment of the centre GaAs rod radius led to five defect bands inside the band gap with one degenerate state creating a monopole, two quadrupoles and two hexapoles. Evolution of the defect modes with the variation of the radius of GaAs rod is also presented.

5

Pragmatyczne podejście do adsorpcji w skałach łupkowych złóż typu shale gas

Dudek L., Kowalska-Włodarczyk M.

Nafta-Gaz

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2014

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R. 70, nr 7

416--424

PL

W publikacjach przedstawiono wyniki badań 32 próbek sylurskich skał łupkowych wykonanych na aparaturze Tristar II 3020 w celu pomierzenia powierzchni właściwej i wykreślenia krzywej kumulacyjnej rozkładu średnic porów powyżej 1 nm. Pomiar umożliwia wyznaczanie krzywej kumulacyjnej objętości porów w funkcji ich średnicy (BJH - adsorpcja lub desorpcja i pomiar powierzchni właściwej BET). Analizy te pozwolą na wykonanie obliczeń parametrów charakteryzujących właściwości zbiornikowe skały (będącej jednocześnie skałą macierzystą i uszczelniającą), do których należy zaliczyć: porowatość całkowitą, gęstość materiałową i objętościową oraz rozkład średnic porów do mikroporów do makroporów, a także powierzchnię właściwą.

EN

This publication describes research work conducted on 32 samples of Silurian Shale Rocks using Tristar II 3020measuring their Specific Surface Area and plotting pore diameter distribution accumulation curves from diameters above 1 nm. The measurement allows plotting pore volume accumulation curves as a function of pore diameter (BJH - adsorption / desorption and BET specific surface measurement). The resultant analyses allow characteristic calculations for container rock (which is also both the source rock and the seal rock) which includes: total porosity, mass and bulk densities and the distribution of pore diameter from micro- to macro-pores and also the specific surface.

6

Właściwości fotokatalityczne wielowarstwowych powłok antyrefleksyjnych

Wojcieszak D., Mazur M., Domaradzki J., Kaczmarek D., Placido F., Song S.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2014

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Vol. 55, nr 8

37-39

PL

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono wyniki projektowania wielowarstwowej powłoki antyrefleksyjnej z dodatkową warstwą TiO2, której zadaniem było uzyskanie właściwości fotokatalitycznych. Wyniki pomiarów wielowarstwy wytworzonej metodą rozpylania magnetronowego wspomaganego mikrofalami na bazie TiO2i SiO2 pokazały, że powłoka ta miała takie parametry optyczne jak zaplanowano w projekcie. Poziom odbicia światła w zakresie od 430 do 760 nm był poniżej 1%, a w dla długości fali ok. 520 nm występowało tzw. odbicie resztkowe o zielonej barwie. Wyniki badań właściwości fotokatalitycznych pokazały także, że dzięki dodatkowej warstwie TiO2 powłoka ta była samoczyszcząca. Oprócz tego, charakteryzowała się ona jednorodną i gęsto upakowaną strukturą, a także miała właściwości hydrofobowe i oleofobowe. Z kolei badania odporności na zarysowania pokazały, że wielowarstwa ta miała również dużą odporność mechaniczną. Dlatego też można stwierdzić, że wytworzona powłoka może znaleźć praktyczne zastosowanie w konstrukcji paneli szklanych przeznaczonych do celów architektonicznych.

EN

In this paper the results of a multi-layer antireflection coating design with an additional layer of TiO2been presented. The measurement results of coating produced by microwave-assisted magnetron sputtering based on TiO2 and SiO2 have shown that the optical parameters were in good accordance with the project. The level of light reflection in the range of 430 to 760 nm was below 1%, and at wavelength of about 520 nm so called residual reflection of the green color occurred. The investigation of photocatalytic properties also revealed that with an additional film of TiO2 self-cleaning effect was obtained. Besides, the coating was characterized by a homogeneous and densely packed structure, and it had a hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. In turn, scratch resistance test showed that the multilayer had high mechanical resistance. Therefore, it can be concluded that manufatured coating may find practical application in the construction of glass panels for architectural purposes.

7

Chemical control of polyelectrolyte film properties for an effective cardiovascular implants endothelialization

Mzyk A., Major R., Kot M., Gostek J., Wilczek P., Major B.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 14, no. 2

262--268

EN

The aim of this study was to improve properties of blood contacting materials such as polyurethane, in a form of intelligent, self-organizing and self-controlling coatings, which allow the selective mobilization and colonization of the endothelial cells on their surface. The prepared multilayer polyelectrolyte scaffolds were cross-linked chemically by EDC/NHS reagents in order to control their physicochemical properties and thus improving potential to endothelialization. Four types of coatings, i.e. non-cross-linked, cross-linked by 260 mM, 400 mM and 800 mM EDC reagent, were investigated. Their comparison was performed based on the results of the surface topography measurements using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), cellular morphology and proliferation analysis using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and the mechanical properties examinations. The optimal multilayer rigidity and surface roughness parameters were found for an effective control of the endothelial cells growth. Surface topography analysis indicated an increase in the coating’s roughness due to application of higher EDC cross-linker concentrations. Mechanical studies revealed that cross-linking caused a significant increase in the hardness and elastic modulus. The results from the cellular experiments allowed the conformation that 400 mM cross-linked PLL/HA films possess desired properties.

8

Numerical analysis of ceramic-steel-composite shield subjected to ballistic impact of the fragment

Kosiuczenko K., Niezgoda T., Barnat W., Panowicz R.

Journal of KONES

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2011

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Vol. 18, No. 1

295-300

EN

The issue of missile impact resistance is discussed in detail in many articles and standard papers dealing with body armour. The experience from many armed conflicts, however, may be proof that the real risks are related to a greater degree to fragments than those of bullets. It can be shown that the more often the object is destroyed as a result high-velocity impact of fragments. The paper describes the results of numerical simulations of 22 calibre bullet shrapnel piercing multilayer ballistic shield. The shield was made of ceramics, steel and composite materials. The shape of the fragment is based on the American the defence standard MIL-DTL-46593B. The fragment tested is made through the process of cold rolling steel 4337H or 4340H characterized by hardness of about 30 units on the Rockwell scale. The mass of the fragment is 17 grains (1.14 g). The ballistic shield, that was hit by fragmentation, was a rectangular plate made of a Kevlar composite and, in another variant, an epoxy composite. The test was conducted in accordance with the terms of ballistic fragmentation resistance test V50 contained in standard MIL-STD-662F. In undertaking the simulation was used the Finite Element Method (FEM) which is implemented in LS-Dyna programme. The numerical calculations were performed in the explicit option on a multiprocessor computational cluster. The necessary information to build a model like materials’ properties is taken from extensive literature. The numerical simulation resulted in, inter alia, maps and diagrams of stress, strain and energy, which were treated to further detailed analysis. On this basis of an evaluation was carried out and correction made to the FEA model. The resulting model has enabled an observation of the penetration of the ballistic shield and the ballistic behaviour of the fragment when it contacts with obstacle. These observations are essential in the design of modern protective structures and undertaking research without incurring excessive financial costs generated by laboratory experiments.

9

Hard coatings for woodworking tools – a review

Ratajski J., Gulbiński W., Staśkiewicz J., Walkowicz J., Myśliński P., Czyżniewski A., Suszko T., Gilewicz A., Warcholiński B

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 37, nr 2

668-674

EN

Purpose: The paper presents thorough analysis of the state-of the-art in the field of woodworking tools durability improvement. In comparison with the achievements of global leaders in the field, the technologies developed so far at the Institute of Mechatronics, Nanotechnology and Vacuum Technique, as well as the latest research works undertaken by the authors are presented. Design/methodology/approach: The specificity of machining conditions of wood and wood-derivative materials consists in simultaneous occurrence of very high working speed, extremely sharp cutting edges and high working temperature – on the one hand, and high anisotropy and low thermal conductivity of the machined material – on the other. The paper summarizes various ways, including selection of both tool materials and surface treatments, applied in order to increase the productivity of woodmachining. Findings: A systematic analysis has been made on the type of tool materials suitable for machining of different sorts of solid wood and wood-derivative materials. It was shown that all woodworking tool types, except for satellites, require development of dedicated surface engineering technologies improving significantly their durability. The main features of CVD and PVD surface treatment technologies were compared in relation to their application for woodmachining tools. Research limitations/implications: Based on the achievements to date IMN&VT undertook a project aimed at development of a new generation of surface treatment technologies for both cemented carbide and high speed steel tools. It is planned to develop three packages of PVD technologies for deposition of multilayer and duplex anti-wear coatings based on TiAlN, CrN and carbon. Originality/value: The paper constitutes concise but in-depth description of the contemporary trends in surface treatment of tools for woodmachining.

10

Zimnochronne izolacje komór chłodni i mroźni

Sawicki J.

Izolacje

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2007

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R. 12, nr 4

69-75

PL

Efektywność pracy komór chłodniczych jest wypadkową sprawności urządzeń i instalacji chłodniczych, użytych do konstrukcji przegród materiałów dobieranych przez projektantów oraz jakości wykonania prac budowlanych. Publikacja przybliża ideę konstrukcji takich obiektów, opisuje istotę pracy komory chłodniczej, wymagania dla materiałów zachowujące ekonomiczność termoizolacyjną komór, zalety chłodniczych płyt warstwowych stanowiących podstawowy materiał konstrukcyjny na przegrody komór, typowe przykłady konstrukcji takich komór, a także podaje informacje o izolacjach termicznych instalacji i posadzek w chłodniach i mroźniach.

11

Modifying of Polyester Fabric Surface with Polyelectrolyte Nanolayers Using the Layer-by-layer Deposition Technique

Jantas R., Połowiński S.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2007

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Vol. 15, no. 2 (61)

97--99

EN

Polyelectrolytes such as poly(4-vinylpyridine) and poly(acrylic acid) with opposite charges have been deposited on a polyester fabric by the layer-by-layer technique. The first acidic layer with carboxylic groups were produced by grafting acrylic acid onto the polyester fabric according to the previously established grafting conditions. Selected fibre properties connected with the character of the deposited nanolayer of polyelectrolyte were tested. It has been found that the content of methylene blue dye in fibre and water retention depend on the character of the deposited nanolayer, as they are always considerably higher when the top nanolayer consists of poly(acrylic acid). Electron microscope photographs show that the fibre surface in the fabric becomes smoother after polyanion and polycation nanolayers are deposited.

PL

W pracy badano wytwarzanie multiwarstw na tkaninie poliestrowej na drodze kolejnego nanoszenia warstw polielektrolitów – poli(4-winylopirydyny) i poli(kwasu akrylowego) o przeciwnych ładunkach w wyniku ich elektrostatycznego oddziaływania. Pierwszą kwasową warstwę z grupami karboksylowymi wytwarzano na drodze szczepienia tkaniny poliestrowej kwasem akrylowym, ustalając uprzednio optymalne warunki szczepienia tkaniny poliestrowej. Badano zmianę wybranych właściwości, związanych z charakterem naniesionej warstwy z polielektrolitu. Stwierdzono, że zawartość barwnika – błękitu metylenowego we włóknie oraz wartość retencji wody zależą od charakteru naniesionej warstwy i były wyraźnie wyższe w przypadku gdy wierzchnią warstwę stanowił poli(kwas akrylowy). Zdjęcia mikroskopowe elektronowe pokazują, że powierzchnia włókien w tkaninie staje się gładsza po naniesieniu warstw polianionu i polikationu.

12

The influence of the roughness on the Curie temperature and magnetisation in the multilayers

Staniucha A, Urbaniak-Kucharczyk A.

Materials Science Poland

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2006

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Vol. 24, No. 3

701--705

EN

A system of three magnetic (M) layers divided by nonmagnetic (N) spacers is considered. The existence of roughness on the interfaces, described by the model proposed by Bruno and Chappert, leads to a modification of interlayer exchange coupling (IEC). The Curie temperature and magnetisation are calculated using the Green function formalism for the system of layers with Fe standing for M and Cu or Au standing for N. The parameters characterising this system are taken into account for the GaAs substrate. The results obtained show a decreasing Curie temperature with the increasing roughness parameter as compared to the Curie temperature of the sample with an ideal interface. The magnetisation curves are shifted as a result of roughness in the interface region.

13

An influence of the effective mass on magnetoresistance in ultrathin Fe/Cr/Fe films

Warda K., Wojtczak L., Baldomir D., Pereiro M., Arias J.

Materials Science Poland

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2006

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Vol. 24, No. 3

731--735

EN

The transport properties of ultrathin metallic sandwich structures of Fe/Cr/Fe are studied as a function of magnetic layers thickness for the current in plane geometry (CIP). Taking into account the band structure obtained from the density functional theory (DFT), we determine the basic physical properties like Fermi energy and relaxation time calculated for each magnetic and spacer layer. Next, using the Boltzmann formalism in its extended form we obtain the results for the magnetoresistance (MR). In particular, we analyze an influence of the effective mass parametrization.

14

EMC shielding in power electronics multilayers

Schuh S., Albach M.

Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation. Journal

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2005

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Vol. 11, nr 2

57-63

EN

The integration of passive components in printed circuit boards by using structured layers of different material leads to completely new technical challenges, both in technological realisations and in simulations or modelling of the embedded components. The integration of uiductive components is very interesting due to the substantial place reduction on the surface of the printed circuit board. In this context the shielding of the stray field of these inductive components leads to some new approaches in magnetic field calculation and simulation by planar structures. So in this paper the influence of FPC foils (Ferrite Polymer Compounds), m-metal and thin layers of copper on the magnetic field distribution and thus on the inductive coupling mechanisms in multilayers is analytically calculated and verified by some measurements. The presented results - measurement and simulation - lead to the final conclusion that the integration ofi-metal in comparison to FPC foils and thin layers of copper in the multilayer is one of the promising procedures for EMC-shielding.

15

Multilayer model of the oculomotoric system for computer based diagnosis of squint

Pojda D., Ober J.

Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies

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2003

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Vol. 6

IT79--85

EN

Classical models of the oculomotoric system only represent the relationship between neural stimulation and eye movement. If we cannot determine the neural activity, then classical models prove inapplicable. At this paper we outline a system for simulation of the neural activation signal based on simple visual stimulation. We have used the idea of a multilayer brain structure. Different layers of the brain are responsible for subsequent layers of perception. Measurements made with the OBER2 system allowed us to evaluate the relationship between two signals: visual stimulation presented on the screen and eye movement measured by detectors. Applying the proposed multilayer model to generate a signal that will be the input for classical model of the oculomotoric system should make it possible to estimate some parameters that describe the work of muscles. We do not need to measure neural activity, provided that the neural system is working normally.

16

Elektrochemiczne osadzanie na podłożu Cu wielokrotnych nanowarstw Ag-Ni z kąpieli cyjankowych i kwaśnych.

Banaszkiewicz A., Cimochowski D.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2002

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R. XXIII, nr 5

380-383

PL

W niniejszej pracy przeprowadzono elektrolityczne osadzanie na podłożu miedzi wielokrotnych naprzemiennych warstw Ag (osadzanych z kąpieli cyjankowych) oraz Ni (osadzanych z kąpieli kwaśnych). Ustalono optymalny potencjał osadzania (-1000 mV w stosunku do nasyconej elektrody kalomelowej), przy którym osadzane warstwy były ciągłe i przyczepne do podłoża. Przy pomocy mikroskopu skaningowego zaobserwowano naprzemienne warstwy o grubości 50 nm każda. Podjęto próby obserwacji tych warstw na transmisyjnym mikroskopie elektronowym przy pomocy techniki triafolowych replik celowanych napylanych węglem i złotem. Uzyskano dobre odwzorowanie powierzchni, ale nie natrafiono na obserwowanych fragmentach replik na obszary obejmujące wielokrotne warstwy. Technika ta po jej dopracowaniu rokuje nadzieje na obserwację supersieci o grubości warstw rzędu 1 nm.

EN

In this paper electrochemical deposition of Ag-Ni multilayers on the Cu substrate from cyanide and acid baths is presented. Optimal deposition potential (-1000 mV SCE) was determined, at which deposited layers were of good quality and adherence. Using scanning electron microscope, multilayers of 50 nm thick were observed. Some efforts were made to observe those layers in STM using the triafole replica technique (vacuum sputtered with carbon and gold). Satisfying representation of the surface was obtained but in the observed fragments one could not find superlattices. Nevertheless, after ameliorating, this technique may let us observe superlattices built from layers 1 nm thick.

17

Preparation and characterisation of polycrystalline, nanocrystalline and amorphous Co-Ti thin films.

Smardz K., Smardz L.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2001

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R. XXII, nr 5

850-853

EN

Co/Ti multilayers with wedge-shaped Co or Ti sublayers were prepared using UHV (5x10 to the -10 mbar) DC/RF magnetron sputtering. The planar growth of the Co and Ti layers was confirmed in-situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Cobalt sublayers grow on sufficiently thick titanium sublayers in the soft magnetic nanocrystalline phase up to a critical thickness dcrit~3.0 nm. For a thickness greater than dcrit, the Co sublayers undergo a structural transition to the polycrystalline phase with much higher coercivity. Furthermore, we have prepared amorphous and polycrystalline Co-Ti alloy films by in-situ annealing of the nanocrystalline Co/Ti multilayers.

PL

Warstwy wielokrotne Co/Ti, z subwarstwami Co i Ti w kształcie klina, otrzymano metodą rozpylania magnetronowego UHV (5x10 do -10 potęgi mbar) DC/RF. Wzrost planarny warstw Co i Ti został potwierdzony in-situ przy użyciu rentgenowskiej spektroskopii fotoelektronów. Subwarstwy Co rosną na dostatecznie grubej subwarstwie tytanu w miękkiej magnetycznie fazie nanokrystalicznej do grubości krytycznej dcrit~3.0 nm. Dla grubości większych niż dcrit, subwarstwy Co rosną w fazie polikrystalicznej o znacznie większej koercji. Ponadto, otrzymaliśmy amorficzne i polikrystaliczne warstwy stopowe Co-Ti poprzez wygrzewanie in-situ warstw wielokrotnych Co/Ti.

18

Modulowane wielowarstwy TiCN/VCN jako bariery korozyjne i dyfuzyjne na stalach.

Wendler B., Kamiński M., Danielewski M., Filipek R., Rylski A.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2000

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R. XXI, nr 6

466-469

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wpływ wybranych powłok z węglików i węglikoazotków tytanu i wanadu na odporność stali na korozję w 0,5M roztworze NaCl, a także próby wykorzystania takich powłok jako wewnętrznych barier dyfuzyjnych w złożonych powłokach żaroodpornych na stalach.

EN

The effect of four different 5 micrometres thick carbide and carbonitride coatings on steels on their resistance to corrosion in an 0.5M aqueous solution of NaCl is presented in the paper. The behaviour of the best corrosion resistant coating as a diffusion barrier in a composite refractory coating on steel has been verified as well.

19

Improved models of stress-strained state calculations of multilayer noncircular cylindrical shells

Pankratova N., Bernazka J., Panchenko E.

Zeszyty Naukowe Katedry Mechaniki Stosowanej / Politechnika Śląska

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1998

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z. 6

281-286

EN

An approach to calculating the stress-strained state of constructive elements in the form of multilayer cylindrical shells with arbitrary cross-section on the basis of the improved models is presented. The models suggested take into account the factors neglected in the classical model, viz. strains of transversal shears, compression and nonlinear law of tangential stresses changing through the layers package thickness. The approach to the problem solution with these models is based on reducing initial boundary problems to one-dimensional ones solved by the discrete orthogonalisation method.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono podejście do obliczeń stanu naprężeń i odkształceń elementów konstrukcyjnych w postaci wielowarstwowych powłok o przekroju zamkniętym dowolnego kształtu. Ulepszone modele dyskutowane w pracy biorą pod uwagę czynniki pomijane w modelu klasycznym: naprężenia związane ze ścinaniem poprzecznym, ściskanie oraz nieliniową zależność na naprężenia styczne zmieniające się na grubości układu warstw. Prezentowane podejście opiera się na redukowaniu zagadnień brzegowych do przypadków jednowymiarowych, rozwiązywanych przy pomocy dyskretnej ortogonalizacji.

20

Electrical properties and transmission electron microscopy study on sputtered Cu/Ni multilayer films.

Worek C., Jankowski H., Ciura F.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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1998

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R. XIX, nr 4

840-843

EN

Electrical properties as well as the structure and morphology of multilayered Cu/Ni films deposited by magnetron sputtering were investigated. The influence of the deposition and annealing parameters on the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and sample resistivity were determined. Using TEM images the dependence of the grain size of crystalline films on the sublayer Cu and Ni thickness and annealing temperature was investigated.