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Computational methods for studies on the biomechanics of bones

Nackenhorst U.

Foundations of Civil and Environmental Engineering

2006

No. 7

251-271

Bones are living organs with the ability to adapt themselves to their mechanical demands. This phenomenon is of great importance in cndoprosthetics. Due to a total hip joint replacement for example the bone is stressed in a non-physiological manner which causes bone remodeling. Therefore, the durability of the artificial device depends strongly on the prosthesis design. This biomechanical behaviour of bones is modeled with phcnomenological approaches within a continuum framework. Nowadays numerical methods are available to assist implant manufacturers as well as surgeons in their decisions. But there are numerous uncertainties in quantifying the mechanical loading conditions as well as the overall mechanical properties of bone tissue. The concept of statically equivalent loads is stated, where the boundary conditions arc computed by an inverse simulation from CT-data. The mechanical properties of cortical bone are obtained from a micro-mechanical approach with several stages of homogenization.