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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

2 2023

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Performance of Limestone as a Multi-Media Filter for Manganese Removal from Groundwater

Ahmedi Figene, Thaqi Premton, Tosuni Kaltrina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 6

385--391

According to Council Directive 98/83/EC on the quality of water intended for human consumption, concentration of the manganese in the drinking water should not exceed 0.05 mg/l. However, this level of manganese concentration is higher ingroundwaterof a community (Vitia town) in Kosovo. Groundwater is used for drinking supply of some villages and is only chlorified continuing to the reservoir from where is gravitationallydisseminated to the villages. The manganese level of the water is at the range 0.3 to 0.6 mg/l. Limestone has been provenby many researchers to be a very effective filter material in manganese removal for groundwater.A miniature filtration unit was modeled to investigate the removal efficiency of manganese.The unit consists of local limestone, where a single materialis folded in three layers of different grainsizes. In fact, the aim of this paper was to assess whether limestone as a single material acting as a "multi-media filter" can reduce the manganese concentration in groundwater. On the basis of the analysis of the single snapshot sample,the removal of manganese achieved more than 95% in filtered water. Particularly, this study demonstrates that filtering the water through three layers of different grain sizes of limestone ("multi-media limestone filter") can be a good alternative for manganese removal in groundwater.

Assessing a Low-Cost Multi-Media Filter with Biological Contact Aeration for Greywater Treatment in Domestic Applications

Ahmed Abdelkader T., Shafiquzzaman Md., Ahsan Amimul

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 12

258--267

Treatment and reuse of greywater for non-potable applications especially in scarce countries is a feasible option. In this study, a simple greywater treatment system consisting of a low-cost simple multi-media filter with biological contact aeration system was developed and installed in a selected household in Muscat, the capital of Oman. Monitoring and measurements were made to investigate the productivity and efficiency of this system in treating the greywater from laundry and shower sources. The greywater from the collected laundry and shower contained 360 mg/L of COD and 28.5 mg/L of BOD. The experimental results showed that the greywater treatment unit achieved more than 99% of turbidity removal, more than 74% of BOD removal, and more than 50% of COD removal. BOD removal was primarily achieved through bacterial degradation whereas COD removal was attributed to the adsorption of organic compounds by activated carbon. The effluent quality of the treated greywater fell within the standard level and can be safely reused for various non-potable applications.