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Estimation of the long-term cyclical fluctuations of snow-rain floods in the Danube basin within Ukraine

Zabolotnia Tetiana, Gorbachova Liudmyla, Khrystiuk Borys

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2019

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Vol. 7, Iss. 2

3--11

EN

Floods are a periodic natural phenomenon, often accompanied by negative consequences for the local population and the economy as a whole. Therefore, knowledge of the trends of maximum flow have great practical importance, because it is the basis for planning and designing various hydraulic structures, hydrological forecasting, the mapping of flood risk, etc. In this paper, we analysed the long-term cyclical fluctuations of the maximum flow of snow-rain floods of the Danube basin within Ukraine (5 large rivers, 14 medium and 5 small). The database includes time series (34 gauging stations) of the maximum discharges of the cold period from the beginning of the observations up to 2015. The methodological approaches (developed by Gorbachova) are based on the use of hydro-genetic methods − namely the mass curve, the residual mass curve, and combined graphs. The presented results illustrate that the longterm fluctuations of the maximum flow of snow-rain floods are synchronous at all study gauging stations in the Danube basin within Ukraine, but these fluctuations are not always in the synchronous phase. We found that the maximum flow of snow-rain floods in the Danube basin within Ukraine have four types of long-term fluctuations, each with a different cycle duration.

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Strategy of protection against hazardous channel and hydrological processes in rivers of developed territories and territories with focal development

Zavadsky A. S., Surkov V. V., Golovlev P. P., Ruleva S. N., Krylenko I. V., Krylenko I. N., Goryachko M. D., Samokhin M. A.

Geography and Tourism

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2018

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Vol. 6, No. 1

33--40

EN

In 2012-2015, the Makkaveev Research Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Fluvial Processes of MSU, Department of Geography, carried out a research, including analysis of hydrological and channel regimes of the Tom river in the Kuznetsk basin (Kuzbass) and the Katun river up to Uimonsky (the Altai), intra-mountain drainage basins, the survey of floodplains and eroded banks, and modelling of floods occurring in floodplains. As a result, a concept has been developed to improve protection measures against hazardous hydrological and channel processes. More than 200 engineering and organisational events were suggested as part of the concept. Given the dense network of river banks and the high potential damage caused by floods in Kuzbass, the continuous protection of cities, large residential and commercial areas, as well as sections of roads and railways subject to erosion is a priority in the flood control concept. In the case of the Katun river basin, characterized by local development, low population density, and relatively small damage caused by floods, the emphasis is put on organisational measures: prevention, evacuation of people and property, insurance and compensation. Selective engineering structures should, as a matter of priority, reduce the dangerous erosion of river banks and ensure a high level of protection of the territory against floods.

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Influence of reservoirs on the concentration of nutrients in the water of mountain rivers

Kijowska-Strugała M., Wiejaczka Ł., Kozłowski R.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2016

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Vol. 23, nr 3

413--424

EN

The aim of the analysis was to demonstrate the role of reservoirs in shaping nutrient content (nitrates NO3- and phosphates PO43- as well as ammonia NH4+) in the waters of mountain rivers. Three Carpathian rivers with reservoirs in their courses were selected for the study: the Ropa River (Klimkowka reservoir), the Dunajec River (the Czorsztyn-Sromowce Wyzne reservoir complex) and the Raba River (Dobczyce reservoir). The basic criteria for the selection of the study objects for the investigation were: similar hydrological regime of the rivers and diverse parameters and functions of the storage reservoirs. The analysis of nutrient concentration was based on a long-term series of measurements (2004-2013). The reservoirs investigated generally contribute to an increase in nitrates in the rivers flowing below the reservoirs in particular months. The role of reservoirs in shaping phosphate and ammonia levels was not as evident as in the case of nitrates. The reservoirs are merely one of numerous factors that contribute to nutrient levels in the water of the mountains rivers. In the light of the analysis of nutrient concentrations in the surface water tested, it may be concluded that the reservoirs do not cause a clear and permanent deterioration of river water quality.

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Practical Application of 1-D Sediment Transport Model

Łapuszek M., Paquier A.

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

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2007

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Vol. 54, nr 4

245-260

EN

The aim of the paper is to present a numerical simulation of sediment transport in a mountain river. Two one-dimensional sediment transport models: RubarBE and Metoda are applied to predict variation of longitudinal bed profile along the river reach and changes in the cross-sectional geometry due to erosion or deposition of sediment. In the current paper, simulation of the sediment transport is applied for the experimental reach of the River Raba - a mountain tributary of the Vistula River. The reach is located from 81.829 km to 77.751 km upstream from the Dobczyce Dam. This part of the river was completely changed due to the project concerning the extension of the Kraków-Zakopane road, which is located next to the Raba River. The results of simulation of riverbed evolution, before and after river training carried out by both models, are analysed and discussed.

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The Investigation of riverbed erosion in a mountainous river

Łapuszek M.

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

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2003

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Vol. 50, nr 1

21-35

EN

The channel, floodplain and terraces are formed primarily through the erosion, transport and deposition of sediment by streamflow. The aim of the paper is to es-tablish the changes at the gauging sections caused by riverbed erosion. The erosion process is evaluated on the basis of minimal annual water stages in gauging station. Minimal annual water stages correspond to the changes of river-bed level. On the basis of 90 years of low stages for gauging stations: Krościenko and Żabno on the Dunajec River, the erosion trends and intensity of cross-section changes are esta-blished. The computation results are compared with the quantity of real changes at gauging sections which are measured in different years. The problem presented in this paper is important in engineering. The knowledge of river-bed changes is ne-cessary when designing water intakes, bridges, etc. It is also connected with deter-mination of the location of underground water in the adjacent area, which is very important for evaluation of the water regime in the soil.