While defined in many different ways, knowledge management generally refers to how organizations create, retain, and share knowledge. The study of knowledge sharing, which is the means by which an organization obtains access to its own and other organizations' knowledge, has emerged as a key research area from a field of study on technology transfer and innovation. Successful knowledge sharing involves extended learning processes and the application of evolutionary psychology research rather than simple focus on interpersonal communication processes. Knowledge internalization refers to the degree to which a recipient obtains ownership of, commitment to, and satisfaction with the transferred knowledge. The literature identifies five primary contexts that impact successful knowledge-sharing: the relationship between the source and the recipient, the form and location of the knowledge, the recipient's learning predisposition, the source's knowledge-sharing capability, and the broader environment in which the sharing occurs.
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