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1

Age, growth, mortality and population structure of Polititapes aureus (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia

Derbali Abdelkarim

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2024

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Vol. 53, No. 2

102--110

EN

The population dynamics of Polititapes aureus from Tunisia were investigated monthly during a one-year period (2018). The possible future commercial benefits of the species as a significant resource of artisanal fisheries require better knowledge of its population dynamics. This study provides the first insight into population parameters by investigating its population structure, growth, mortality, and exploitation rate. Allometric relationships between body size and length were determined. The shell length/total weight ratio indicated a positive allometric growth and was expressed as TW = 0.0002 SL3.103. Length frequency data were analyzed to estimate population parameters using FiSAT ΙΙ software. P. aureus showed lower growth rate (K = 0.46 yr-1) and asymptotic length (L∞ = 38.80) compared to those obtained for other bivalve species (mean values: K = 0.61 and L∞ = 55.02). Longevity (Tmax) and the growth performance index (φ’) were 7.95 yr-1 and 2.84, respectively. Total mortality (Z) was estimated from the length-converted catch curve at 0.85 yr-1 and fishing mortality (F) at 0.03 yr-1. Both values of natural mortality (M = 0.82 yr-1) derived from bivalve literature and based on Pauly’s (1980) empirical equation (M = 0.83 yr-1) developed for fish were comparable. The most intensive growth occurred during the first three years. The data presented herein are crucial for appropriate fisheries management and conservation of clams.

2

Risk Factors Associated with In-Hospital Mortality in Iranian Patients with COVID-19: Application of Machine Learning

Shafiekhani Sadjad, Rafiei Sima, Abdollahzade Sina, Souri Saber, Moomeni Zeinab

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

|

2022

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Vol. 28, Iss. 1

19--29

EN

Introduction: Predicting the mortality risk of COVID-19 patients based on patient's physiological conditions and demographic characteristics can help optimize resource consumption along with the provision of effective medical services for patients. In the current study, we aimed to develop several machine learning models to forecast the mortality risk in COVID-19 patients, evaluate their performance, and select the model with the highest predictive power. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the records belonging to COVID-19 patients admitted to one of the main hospitals of Qazvin located in the northwest of Iran over 12 months period. We selected 29 variables for developing machine learning models incorporating demographic factors, physical symptoms, comorbidities, and laboratory test results. The outcome variable was mortality as a binary variable. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors of in-hospital death. Results: In prediction of mortality, Ensemble demonstrated the maximum values of accuracy (0.8071, 95%CI: 0.7787, 0.8356), F1-score (0.8121 95%CI: 0.7900, 0.8341), and AUROC (0.8079, 95%CI: 0.7800, 0.8358). Including fourteen top-scored features identified by maximum relevance minimum redundancy algorithm into the subset of predictors of ensemble classifier such as BUN level, shortness of breath, seizure, disease history, fever, gender, body pain, WBC, diarrhea, sore throat, blood oxygen level, muscular pain, lack of taste and history of drug (medication) use are sufficient for this classifier to reach to its best predictive power for prediction of mortality risk of COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: Study findings revealed that old age, lower oxygen saturation level, underlying medical conditions, shortness of breath, seizure, fever, sore throat, and body pain, besides serum BUN, WBC, and CRP levels, were significantly associated with increased mortality risk of COVID-19 patients. Machine learning algorithms can help healthcare systems by predicting and reduction of the mortality risk of COVID-19 patients.

3

Life history of wahoo, Acanthocybium solandri, in the Tropical Eastern Atlantic Ocean – the importance of applying a suite of methods for fisheries assessment in data-limited situations

Kindong Richard, Wu Feng, Sarr Ousmane, Dai Libin, Tian Siquan, Dai Xiaojie

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2022

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Vol. 51, No. 1

115-132

EN

Unassessed fisheries, mostly non-targeted fisheries, are now particularly predominant in many commercial fisheries and are critical to food security in developing countries. These fisheries typically lack reliable data essential for assessing their stocks, leaving them susceptible to overfishing and declining yield over time. This study proposes a framework for determining the life history and management of such fisheries. Data on the length composition and reproduction of wahoo Acanthocybium solandri, a common bycatch species in commercial fisheries, were obtained from observers aboard Chinese longline vessels in the Eastern Atlantic between 2010 and 2020 and were used as a case study. A comprehensive methodological approach was applied using data on this species to estimate its life history parameters, to evaluate biological reference points, and to provide proxies for the stock status. The final main growth parameters obtained were: Linf = 161.21 cm FL (157.34–194.68), K = 0.47/year (0.14–0.65); estimated size at first maturity was 89.6 cm FL. As assessed by the set of methods applied, the wahoo stock state was healthy in the Tropical Eastern Atlantic Ocean. This study advises against using a single approach to determining life history parameters in data-limited fisheries, as this may affect reference points and thus management recommendations. This study provides a route whereby many easy-to-apply methods can be used to understand the status of multiple stocks in poorly managed fisheries, and thus provide management plans.

4

Ethological Changes and Teratogenesis of Model Organisms as an Indicator of Biotesting of the Electromagnetic Radiation Influence

Wójcik Waldemar, Kalizhanova Aliya, Sakun Oksana A., Nykyforov Volodymyr V., Nykyforova Larysa E., Nahorniak Svitlana V., Kistion Volodymyr Ev., Shevchenko Liudmyla S., Yesmakhanova Laura, Junisbekov Mukhtar, Orazbekov Zhaslan, Turgantarova Aigul

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 7

42--49

EN

With the development of information technology, electromagnetic radiation becomes a tangible view of the physical (wave) environmental pollution. Modern scientific research aimed at the components of the elec tromagnetic environment pollution problems mainly involves the anthropocentric approach. There is no procedure for determining the influence of harmful physical factors on biota, in particular in terms of water (Daphnia magna Straus) and air (Drosophila melanogaster L.) environments. A clear system of rationing of maximum permissible levels of electromagnetic radiation, including volume and ecosystems protected areas has not been developed. The article considers the relevant scientific and practical problem of creating a framework for assessing and predicting the negative impact of electromagnetic radiation on the biota related to ethological changes and teratogenesis. The characteristic of all the constituent elements of the system determines the degree of the negative impact of the induction of the magnetic field on the biota: activity, mortality; reproduction; availability, and frequency of Teratology. A method for determining the activity levels of Daphnia and Drosophila total average activity biota was developed and described. The trajectory patterns of Daphnia motion at low activity in the state of stability, with increased activity in the excited state, were created. The results of the research on the negative impact of electromagnetic radiation of industrial frequency on biota were presented. The critical levels of the magnetic field and noise pollution, which cause the depletion and destruction of the test object, the relationship between ethological changes and the occurrence of mutations depending on radiation levels were determined. The biological test objects were proven to minimize the error of the results of determination of electromagnetic effects on the biota, in comparison with the mathematical methods of research.

5

Emissions of Air Pollution in Industrial and Rural Region in Poland and Health Impacts

Połednik Bernard

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

250--258

EN

Air pollution is a global problem. In Europe, ambient air quality remains poor in many areas, particularly in urban ones. Air pollutants have a significantly adverse effect on human health and ecosystems. They are the main cause of many serious illnesses and thus contribute to increased mortality. This paper analyzes the air pollutant emissions in the last four years (2018–2021) in the Upper Silesian Region, which has one of the worst air qualities in Poland and in Europe in general, and the emissions in the Lublin Region in eastern Poland, which is considered as a clean region. In each of the above-mentioned regions, the areas with the highest air pollutant emissions were specified i.e. the Upper Silesian Agglomeration and the Lublin Agglomeration. The emission data for the following pollutants: particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) have been compared. The obtained results were also compared with the estimated average emissions in Poland. It was indicated that in both agglomerations the exposure to air pollutants was on similar levels, which were several times higher than in the remaining parts of the considered regions and the average values for Poland in general. In the Silesian Agglomeration, the exposure to PM10 was over 5 times higher than the average national exposure. The exposure to PM2.5 was almost 6 times higher, the exposure to BaP was about 5 times higher, while the exposure to SOx and NOx was 16 and 10 times higher than the national average, respectively. This is reflected in the increased number of premature deaths and the number of years of life lost due to the exposure to air pollution. Therefore, the actions aimed at limiting air pollutant emissions are urgent in the above-indicated areas.

6

Growth pattern, mortality and reproductive biology of common sole, Solea solea (Linneaus, 1758), in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey

Kahraman Abdullah Ekrem, Yıldız Taner, Uzer Uğur, Çanak Özgür

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2021

|

Vol. 50, No. 4

398--410

EN

The study deals with the growth pattern, mortality, and reproduction of common sole, Solea solea (Linneaus, 1758), from the Sea of Marmara (Turkey). A total of 580 fish specimens were sampled monthly from October 2017 to September 2018. The total length of all sampled individuals ranged from 11.1 to 29.5 cm, corresponding to ages from 1 to 3 years. The length–weight relationship was expressed as W = 0.022 TL2.6838, where the slope indicated negative allometric growth. Growth parameters were L∞ = 33.7 cm, k = 0.48, and t0 = −0.18 for all samples. A seasonally oscillating growth model, indicating the amplitude of oscillations, revealed an important seasonal growth pattern. Total, natural, and fishing mortality rates were calculated as 1.42, 0.47, and 1.01, respectively. The exploitation ratio (E = 0.68) indicates that the fishing pressure on the common sole in the Sea of Marmara was high. The sex ratio (♀/♂) was 1.18. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) for females showed that two main spawning seasons were observed: one in spring (May) and one in autumn (September–October). Sizes at the onset of sexual maturity were estimated for both females and males at 21.6 and 18.6 cm, respectively.

7

Demographics of great sturgeon (Huso huso) in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea (2008–2010)

Bakhshalizadeh Shima, Bani Ali, Abdolmalaki Shahram, Ponce Palafox Jesus T.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2021

|

Vol. 50, No. 3

325--332

EN

Demographic data of the great sturgeon, Huso huso, from the Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea were derived from measurements of individuals with a fork length ranging from 84 to 255 cm, obtained from commercial fisheries. The maximum age of fish caught in the south Caspian Sea was 30 years. The estimates of the asymptotic length L∞ and the growth coefficient (K) were 265.255 cm and 0.062 per year for males and 275.78 cm and 0.08 per year for females, respectively. Total mortality rates obtained by Gulland's method were larger for males (0.64) than for females (0.46). Annual mortality rates were calculated as 47% for males and 37% for females. Data obtained in this study and their comparison with data from previous studies indicate that the great sturgeon stock is definitely exploited in an unsustainable manner.

8

Application of the logistic regression model to assess the risk of death in road traffic accidents in the Mazowieckie voivodeship

Borucka Anna, Grzelak Małgorzata, Świderski Andrzej

Transport Problems

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2020

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T. 15, z. 4, cz. 1

125--136

EN

Mortality caused by road accidents is a significant problem for most countries, including Poland, where approximately 2,900 people die each year, and another 37,359 are injured. Research in this area has been conducted on a large scale. One of the most important elements is the evaluation of factors leading to fatalities in road accidents, which is also the goal of this article. The analysis was based on data on road accidents from the Mazowieckie Voivodeship, which is characterized by one of the highest mortality rates gathered for the period 2016-2018. Owing to the dichotomous form of the studied variable, logistic regression was used. Estimated model parameters and calculated odds ratios allowed to assess the effect of selected factors on road traffic mortality rate. As significant, the type of the perpetrator and the traffic participant, sex and age of the victim, road lighting, and the driver’s experience were selected. It was assessed that pedestrians are the group most exposed to death in a road accident, both as perpetrators and victims. It was also pointed out that the risk of death for women is 1.8 times higher than men. In addition, the effect of driving experience is also important, and the risk of death is 0.64 times lower for drivers with longer practice. It was also assessed that with each subsequent year of life, the risk of death in a road accident increased by 2%. Furthermore, according to incident site lighting, the study demonstrated that the risk of death was greatest when driving at night on an unlit road. The results obtained may support public safety and law enforcement authorities in carrying out preventive actions and also can be helpful in shaping the overall strategy on road safety.

9

Assessment of the antibacterial activity of chestnut (Castanea sativa) and cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) herbal extracts as an alternative to antibiotics use during post-hatching period of chicks

Kędzia Rafał, Lis Marcin W.

Science, Technology and Innovation

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2020

|

Vol. 11, no. 4

48--54

EN

Bacterial infections of newly hatched chicks are the most common cause of their death in the initial period of rearing. These infections are always treated with antibiotics. The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts of chestnut (Castanea sativa) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) against bacterial infections i.e. Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonice in comparison to antibiotics. The results of the microbiological analyses showed that the Castanea sativa and Syzygium aromaticum extracts had a slighter antibacterial activity in comparison to antibiotics. The diameter of zone inhibition of the culture’s growth of gram-negative bacteria (i.e. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and gram-positive bacteria (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) was 6–13 mm for these extracts in comparison to 15–30 mm for antibiotics. However, some bacterial strains presented full resistance to the selected antibiotics, e.g., wild strains of Enterobacteriaceae to amoxicillin or Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis to florfenicol, colistin, and doxycycline. In the second experiment, the effect of the herbal extract mixture added into drinking water on the growth and mortality of chicken broiler during the first rearing week was investigated. There was found that the use of herbal extracts improved the chickens’ body weight (157.4 g; P ≤ 0.008) and decreased mortality rate (2.4%) compared to the control group (144.1 g and 3.9%, respectively) but not to the group treated with antibiotic (161.5 and 0.6% respectively; P ≤ 0.009). In summary, the use of herbal extracts as a nutritional supplement for poultry seems to have a positive effect on weight gain of young birds, and to some extent reduce mortality in the first week of rearing.

10

Age, growth and reproductive biology of the saddled seabream (Oblada melanura) in the North Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean

Daban Ismail Burak, Ismen Ali, Ihsanoglu Mukadder Arslan, Cabbar Koray

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 1

13--22

EN

This study determines the length distribution, length–weight relationship, age, growth parameters, mortality rate, sex ratios, length at first maturity and reproduction of saddled seabream (Oblada melanura) collected monthly by fishermen around the Northern Aegean Sea between November 2017 and October 2018. The length–weight relationship was calculated as W=0.0091×L 3.11 (R 2=0.95) and positive allometric growth was found. The condition factor and GSI varied between 0.81–1.58 and 0.01–9.61, respectively. The spawning season extended from May to July and peaked in June. Total lengths at 50% maturity were 18.97 cm for males and 18.83 cm for females. Parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth equation were: L∞ =29.91 cm, K =0.27 per year, t0=−0.82 year and age varied between 1 and 8. The instantaneous rates of total mortality (Z) and natural mortality (M) were 1.36 and 0.58 per year, respectively. Rates for fishing mortality F and exploitation E were 0.78 and 0.57 per year, respectively. The mean absolute fecundity (F) was 117 075±23 243 oocytes, ranging from 19130 to 470 132.

11

Dlaczego energetyka jądrowa w Polsce?

Janczyszyn Jerzy

Postępy Techniki Jądrowej

|

2019

|

z. 1

7--10

PL

Omówiono sytuację energetyczną Polski z punktu widzenia stopniowego zaprzestania wykorzystywania paliw kopalnych. Przedstawiono niezbędność energetyki jądrowej wobec niewystarczającego potencjału energetyki odnawialnej, zarówno do pokrycia zapotrzebowania na energię elektryczną jak i ciepło, szczególnie w dużych miastach. Z punktu widzenia długiego czasu wdrażania nowych technologii, postuluje się natychmiastowe rozpoczęcie szkolenia kadr nauczycielskich, a w efekcie uświadamiania społeczeństwa, w zakresie wiedzy o korzyściach i zagrożeniach płynących z energetyki jądrowej, która jest nieunikniona.

EN

The Polish energy situation was discussed from the point of view of a gradual cessation of the use of fossil fuels. Presented is the necessity of nuclear energy in the face of the insufficient potential of renewable energy, both to meet the demand for electricity and heat, especially in large cities. From the point of view of a long time of implementation of new technologies, it is postulated to immediately start training teachers’ staff and, as a result, raise public awareness of the benefits and threats of inevitable nuclear energy.

12

Effect of Winter Temperature and Maize Food Abundance on Long-Term Population Dynamics of the Wild Boar Sus scrofa

Kopij G., Panek M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2016

|

Vol. 64, nr 3

436--441

EN

In a few recent decades, population increase of the wild boar has been evidenced in various European countries. As the result of this increase, the wild boar has expanded into farmlands, especially in some regions, where the cultivated maize constitutes the main source of its diet through the larger part of the year. The effect of winter weather and land use changes on the expansion of wild boar was analysed in a farmland in southern Poland. Over 21 years (1985–2005) in the study area of about 681 km2 a rapid increase in the number of harvested wild boars was recorded. While in the middle 1980′s, there were only about 40 animals harvested per hunting season, in 2005 the number increased to 180. The rapid increase was, in general, correlated positively to the increasing surface area of the maize crops — from 205 ha (0.9%) in 1985 to 3212 ha (14.9% of arable lands) in 2004. However the correlation between the increase of the average late winter (February/March) temperature and the number of wild boars seems to be negative and contrary to our expectations, the numbers of wild boars were found to be higher under the lower temperatures in that period of the year.

13

Trends in occupational injuries and fatality in Turkey

Turkkan A., Pala K.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2016

|

Vol. 22, No. 4

457--462

EN

Introduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trend of occupational injuries in Turkey using epidemiologic criteria such as incidence mortality and fatality/all injuries recorded – rates. Materials and methods. Safety and health data were obtained from the Annual Statistic Books of the Social Insurance Institution (1988–2006) and Social Security Institution (2007–2011) of Turkey. Results. The results from the official data showed that although total employment is increasing the number of occupational injuries and incidence and mortality rates are decreasing. The results also demonstrate that occupational fatality/all injuries recorded – rate is increasing. The fatality/all injuries recorded – rate per 1000 injuries increased to 25.5 in 2011 from 8.6 in 1988. Each work day an average of five people died because of occupational injuries. Discussion and conclusions. The fatality/all injuries recorded – rate (the number of fatal cases per 1000 occupational injuries) is an important indicator of the injury rate for a country. Systems of occupational injury and illness surveillance constitute a critical resource for the management and reduction of occupational injuries and illness.

14

The effect of hemp essential oil on mortality Aulacorthum solani Kalt. and Tetranychus urticae Koch

Górski R., Sobieralski K., Siwulski M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2016

|

Vol. 23, nr 3

505--511

EN

Investigations concerning the effect of hemp oil on mortality of the foxglove aphid (Aulacorthum solani Kalt.) and the two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) were conducted in the years 2014-2015. The tested essential oil was produced at the Institute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants in Poznan. It was obtained by steam distillation of fresh panicles of Polish hemp cultivars, Beniko, Bialobrzeskie and Silesia, with low cannabinoid contents, including THC (max. 0.2% plant fresh matter). The effect of essential oil on the investigated pests was determined following the application of aqueous emulsion solution at 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1%. Mortality of agrophages was determined 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment. In this study a very high efficacy of the essential oil produced from hemp panicles was found in the reduction of population size of the foxglove aphid (A. solani). Already at 24 h after its application at a concentration of 0.1% pest mortality rate was 98.20%, while after 48 h it reached 100%. A significant, although much lesser effect of oil on the aphid population was recorded when applying it at 0.05%, with the mortality rate of the true bug after 72 h amounting to 57.33%. Essential oil also showed an effect on the two spotted spider mite (T. urticae). Following the oil application, irrespective of its concentration, a significant effect on mite mortality was observed. Its action was the strongest at its highest concentration, ie 0.1%, while mortality of the pest at 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment was 83.28, 95.83 and 98.72%, respectively.

15

Impact of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis on blue mussel Mytilus edulis trossulus – laboratory studies of claw strength, handling behavior, consumption rate, and size selective predation

Wójcik D., Normant M., Dmochowska B., Fowler A.

Oceanologia

|

2015

|

No. 57 (3)

263--270

EN

We examined the claw strength, handling behavior, consumption rate, and size selective predation of the invasive Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis feeding on native Baltic Sea blue mussels Mytilus edulis trossulus during 24 h laboratory experiments. Single starved crabs were offered 15 mussels (five mussels in three length classes) at a time. The total number of mussels consumed by a single crab increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the experimental time from 1.7 ± 0.7 # mussels crab−1 h−1 after 4 h to 0.2 ± 0.7 # mussels crab−1 h−1 after 24 h. The highest consumption rate was observed within the first 4 h, and it decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during the experiment. This was most likely due to the crabs being starved before the start of the experiment. E. sinensis can also harm blue mussel shells by crushing them without further consumption. The mean daily damage, and not consumption, by a single crab was 0.9 ± 1.4 of 11–40 mm mussels. The claw strength of E. sinensis ranged from 1.50 to 20.43 N (mean 8.51 ± 5.93 N) and was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with sex and both claw size and carapace size. The study showed that E. sinensis may be able to impact the native M. edulis trossulus population abundance in the coastal Baltic waters either through direct predation or indirect mortality by damaging (crushing) the shell.

16

Analysis of heart rate variability as a predictor of mortality in cardiovascular patients of intensive care unit

Moridani M. K., Setarehdan S. K., Nasrabadi A. M., Hajinasrollah E.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

|

2015

|

Vol. 35, no. 4

217--226

EN

Objective: Dynamic changes of heart rate variability (HRV) reflect autonomic dysfunction in cardiac disease. Some studies suggest the role of HRV in predicting intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. The main object of this study was analyzing the HRV to design an algorithm to predict mortality risk. Methods: We evaluated 80 cardiovascular ICU patients (45 males and 45 females), ranging from 45 to 70 years. Common time and frequency domain analysis, non-linear Poincaré plot and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) were used to study the HRV in two episodes. The episodes include 8–4 h before death, and 4 h before death to death. Independent sample t-test was used as statistical analysis. Results: Statistical analysis indicates that frequency domain and Poincaré parameters such as LF/HF and SD2/SD1 show changes in transition to death episode (p < 0.05). Moreover, Lmean, vmax and RT measures showed meaningful changes (p < 0.01) in closer segments to the death. Conclusions: Analysis of physiological variables shows that there are significant differences in RQA measures in episodes close to death. These changes can be interpreted as more stability and determinism behavior of HRV in episodes close to death. RQA parameters can be used together with HRV parameters for description and prediction of mortality risk in ICU patients.

17

Importance of juvenile mortality in birds' population: early postfledging mortality and causes of death in White storks Ciconia ciconia

Tobolka M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2014

|

Vol. 62, nr 4

807--813

EN

Early post-fledging mortality of White Stork during the period from the first flight to their autumn departure from natal area was described. Data from eight breeding seasons (2005−2012) about 56 cases of death of juvenile White Storks from a study area in Western Poland were collected. For a comparison the data of 55 cases of death from recoveries data deposited in Polish Bird Ringing Centre from entire Poland were included in analysis. Early post-fledgling mortality rate varied from 2 to 11% (mean 4.3%) of all fledglings per year. The main causes of death were collision with power lines and electrocution which in Western Poland constituted 60% and in entire Poland − 78% of death cases with known causes. Other anthropogenic causes constituted responsibly 25 and 13% and natural causes − 15 and 9%. Mean distance where dead storks were found was 183.3m from natal nests, while 73% were found closer than 100 m from their nests.

18

Oak decline in a southern Finnish forest as affected by a drought sequence

Sohar K., Helama S., Läänelaid A., Raisio J., Tuomenvirta H.

Geochronometria

|

2014

|

Vol. 41, no. 1

92--103

EN

We investigated the decline of a pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) forest growing on shallow soil at the northern distributional limit of the species in southern Finland, using the dendro-climatic approach. About 200-year-old trees in three vigour classes – healthy, declining and dead – were sampled in 2008. Annual tree-ring, earlywood and latewood widths were measured and chro-nologies were established. The tree-ring data were correlated with monthly and seasonal climate data. Radial increment of oaks was positively related to the June and July precipitations. This was ex-pressed especially in total ring width and latewood width, whereas the earlywood was more influ-enced by the warmer winter and spring. Furthermore, the correlation between the current year ear-lywood width and the preceding year latewood width was higher than between the earlywood and latewood of the same year. The analyses showed that the dead oaks and part of the declining oaks had ceased growing during 2005-2007 after a decade-long summer drought series. This indicates a time lag in the oak dieback. The radial growth of the declining and the dead oaks had dropped already since the 1990s, while the healthy oaks had better long-term growth and higher adaptive capacity to climate variation.

19

Aktualne zagrożenia związane ze stosowaniem chemicznych środków ochrony roślin w polskim rolnictwie

Matyjaszczyk E.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2013

|

Vol. 58, nr 4

71--74

PL

Zatrucia ostre środkami ochrony roślin w ostatnich latach są w Polsce stosunkowo rzadkie i z reguły stanowią rezultat rażącego naruszenia zasad bezpieczeństwa. Dokładna liczba zatruć przewlekłych środkami ochrony roślin w Polsce nie jest znana. Zmiany przepisów, które wyeliminowały część zagrożeń w chemicznej ochronie roślin, przyniosły nowe zagrożenia takie jak: stosowanie środków ochrony roślin niezgodnie z rejestracją, rosnąca sprzedaż preparatów fałszywych, zagrożenia związane ze stosowaniem mieszanin zbiornikowych i obniżonych dawek, zbędna chemizacja środowiska wskutek rejestrowania dawek wyższych niż to potrzebne i lekceważenie zasad BHP przez rolników. Coraz bardziej realne stają się także zagrożenie gromadzeniem składowisk środków przeterminowanych oraz możliwe problemy ze zbiorem opakowań po środkach ochrony roślin.

EN

The cases of acute poisoning with pesticides have been rare in last years in Poland and usually occurred as a consequence of gross violation of safety rules. The exact number of chronic poisoning cases with pesticides in Poland is unknown. The legal changes resulting in elimination of some hazards in chemical protection, resulted also in new risks: use of plant protection products contrary to the label, increase in sales of fake products, hazards related to use of tank mixtures and dose reduction, excessive environment chemicalisation due to registration of too high doses and negligence of safety rules by farmers. The more and more real risks become anew problems with accumulation of pesticides whose date expired and possible problems with package collection.

20

Effect of selected parameters on vehicle safety

Barta D., Tučník P., Saniga J.

Logistyka

|

2011

|

nr 3

EN

This article contains information about the accident frequency and the potential for the affecting of it by technical condition of the vehicle. It discusses the impact of the selected vehicle and surface parameters on the safety.

PL

Ten artykuł zawiera informacje o częstotliwości wypadków i możliwości jej wpływu przez stan techniczny pojazdu. Omawia wpływ wybranego pojazdu i parametrów powierzchni na bezpieczeństwo.