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EN
Purpose: After the outbreak of the covid-19 pandemic and Russo-Ukrainian war, the situation in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) changed, especially regarding maritime container terminals. The aim of the article is to identify major Baltic container terminals and to perform a multicriteria analysis of their competitiveness. The analysis will be carried out before (2019) and after (2022) the turmoil on the market in question. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE II) with subjective criteria weights, as well as the entropy method with objective criteria weights. Findings: The obtained results show that two Polish maritime container terminals, DCT Gdańsk and GCT Gdynia, as well as Finnish Vuossari can be assessed as the most competitive both in 2019 and 2022. At the same time, in the analyzed years, the lowest positions in the rankings were maintained by Swedish GCT Gavle and Vasthamnen, Finnish Euroports Finland as well as Latvian BCT Riga. Research limitations/implications: Limited data availability influenced the choice of criteria used in the study. Moreover, website data sources used in the study may result in the inaccuracy of our calculations. Finally, the subjectivity involved in the selection of chosen criteria and some of their weights could lead to different competitiveness assessment results of maritime container terminals in the BSR. Practical implications: Our findings should be of interest to terminal operators and managers planning their strategy for next years, especially if they want to maintain their competitive advantage in the region after the lifting of sanctions imposed on Russian ports. Originality/value: This is the first paper to compare the multicriteria rankings of competitiveness before and after the turmoil on the BSR container market, especially as industry reports and research on the BSR usually consider the annual results achieved by individual ports, ignoring the efficiency of the terminals that comprise them.
PL
W referacie przedstawiono analizę zaników wolnozmiennych i szybkozmiennych w środowisku terminalu kontenerowego. Zaproponowano model analityczny parametrów rozkładów gęstości prawdopodobieństwa dla zaników, który umożliwia estymowanie wartości tych parametrów dla różnych uwarunkowań systemowych i środowiskowych. W ogólności dla zaników wolnozmiennych najlepiej dopasowany jest rozkład logarytmicznonormalny, natomiast dla zaników szybkozmiennych dobre dopasowanie do rozkładów empirycznych uzyskano dla rozkładów Rayleigha, Rice’a i Nakagamiego, przy czym ten ostatni jest najbardziej odpowiedni.
EN
In this paper a detailed analysis of slow and fast fading effects in container terminal environments is presented, fading distribution parameters are evaluated and an analytical model is proposed. The model is composed of a set of analytical equations allowing to evaluate fading statistical distribution parameters for different system and environments conditions. Globally, it is observed that for slow fading a good fitting is obtained with the Lognormal distribution. Fast fading effects are well modelled by Rayleigh, Rice and Nakagami distributions with the later one being the more appropriate.
3
Content available Rozwój statków kontenerowych
PL
W artykule omówiony został przebieg rozwoju statków kontenerowych. Omówiono charakterystykę statków kontenerowych, ich klasyfikację oraz specyfikę. Zostały przedstawione wszystkie statki kontenerowe zwodowane i eksploatowane od roku 2006, kiedy ich rozwój stał się najbardziej dynamiczny. Zostały omówione parametry techniczno-eksploatacyjne wiodących jednostek kontenerowych zaliczanych do największych statków na świecie. W artykule przedstawiono trendy rozwoju morskiej gospodarki kontenerowej oraz jego wpływ i skutki na funkcjonowanie polskich portów i terminali kontenerowych.
EN
The introduction of containers and ships adapted to transport them, has been a significant change when it comes to the exchange of material assets in the technology of transport. Because of standardizing containers technically, international trade exchange has become faster and a lot more efficient. Container ships have been fully adjusted to transport containers, which resulted in some changes in their construction, such as: open deck construction and the lack of hatch covers of the cargo hold; displacement of the super-structure closer to the midship than it was till then, close to the stern; cargo hold equipped with guide, container slots facilitating mounting. Very dynamic development of the container ships occurred with the introduction of the m/v Emma Mearsk. This was the breakthrough moment when it comes to the development of the container ships. In the following years, container ship with transport capacity over 15000 TEU were introduced. In addition to as well as the increasing capacity of container ships, it became more common to equip them with systems based on modern technologies allowing them to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions and sulfates, as well as systems dedicated to cleaning and filtration of the seawater (system ecobalast). In May 2017, the OOCL Hong Kong was delivered, which is so far the biggest in the world and could hold of 21413 TEU. Due to the enormous size of the container ships, there are not many ports that could handle them. Investments and finally the construction of T2 terminal in DCT Gdańsk allowed it to be one of not many than can handle container ships as big as OOCL Honk Kong. As a result of the investments, not only the competitiveness and the importance of the port has increased but also the importance of Poland internationally.
PL
Artykuł porusza istotną kwestię jaką jest usprawnienie procesu przeładunkowego odbywającego się w morskim terminalu przeładunkowym. Skupia się jednak jedynie na przeładunku jednego typu kontenerów, tj. kontenerów zbiornikowych. Wynika to z faktu, że obok kontenerów ponadgabarytowych są one najczęstszym źródłem komplikacji pojawiających się w pracy przeładunkowej. Omawia także istotę i konfigurację procesów transportowo-przeładunkowych zachodzących w terminalu kontenerowym oraz sposób obliczania wydajności ganku statkowego. Podsumowanie rozważań stanowi prezentacja modyfikacji naczepy kontenerowej typu open corner oraz efektów jej wprowadzenia.
EN
The article raises an important issue which is to improve the handling of the process of trans-shipment taking place in the marine transshipment terminal. However, it focuses only on one type of container handling - tank containers due to the fact, that apart from oversized containers, tank containers are the most common source of complications occuring in the operation of the transhipment. The article also discusses the nature and configuration of the transport processes occurring in handling the container terminal and the method of calculation of the efficiency porch ship. As a summary of the deliberations it presents modification of semitrailers open corner container and the effects of its introduction.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono rolę i zadania morskich terminali kontenerowych jako ważnych elementów sieci logistycznych. Dokonano analizy i oceny funkcjonowania wybranych terminali BCT, GTK, GTK, DCT, DB PS. Przedstawiono również perspektywy ich dalszego rozwoju.
EN
The article are presented the role and tasks of the marine container terminals as important elements of the logistics network. An analysis and assesment of the functioning of the selected Terminals BCT, GTK, GTK, DCT, DB PS. Also shows the perspective of further development.
EN
The article concentrates on diagnose of intermodal transport infrastructure in maritime container terminals base on Baltic Container Terminal located in Gdynia. At the beginning author has presented existing intermodal infrastructure of the maritime container terminal with main focuses on internal and external railway track infrastructure. Moreover he presented directions of modernization and development of intermodal infrastructure in sea container terminal. At the end of the article author showed the main infrastructure’s barriers which limited development of multimodal transport in Poland as a whole.
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