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1

The Influence of Growth Regulators on the Productivity of Flax Plants

Khodanitska Olena, Shevchuk Oksana, Tkachuk Olesia, Kuryata Volodymyr, Polyvanyi Stepan, Matviichuk Oleksandr, Kryklyvyi Rostyslav

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 5

163--169

EN

Contemporary agrobiology is aimed at solving the problem of sufficiently stable agricultural crop yield, given the principles of eco-friendly nature use and mandatory monitoring of anthropogenic load on agrocenoses. Hormonal regulation of physiological functions, including the use of preparations based on phytohormones and modifiers of their activity, is one of the topical directions for tackling the problem of plant productivity. The article presents the research results of the effect of the inhibitor of antigibberellin action – chlormequat chloride – and the stimulator based on treptoleum phytohormones on the processes of morphogenesis, the formation of the photosynthetic apparatus, and the yield of flax plants. The plant height is established to decrease under the action of chlormequat chloride, and increase under the influence of treptolem. Both preparations caused an increase in the flax stem diameter. When applying growth regulators, the number of leaves and their total surface area, duration of functioning increased, which generally contributed to the improvement of the crop structure and flax plants productivity. Determination of the content of residual amounts of drugs was carried out on samples of leaves and stems of flax, while the complete absence or traces of chlormequat chloride was noted.

2

Morfogeneza placu rynkowego w Poddębicach. Próba identyfikacji elementów dziedzictwa utraconego z przełomu XIX i XX wieku

Ciaślak-Arkuszewska Adriana

Builder

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2023

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R.27, nr 8

43--47

PL

Celem badań jest charakterystyka elementów placu rynkowego w Poddębicach w ujęciu historycznym i wzbogacenie wiedzy na temat ewolucji jego formy, a w szczególności próba identyfikacji obiektów utraconych i ich wpływu na percepcję wnętrza. Badania miały charakter retrospektywny i porównawczy. Obejmowały ustalenie chronologii przekształceń, relacji przyczynowo-skutkowych oraz dotyczyły kwestii kompozycyjnych i architektonicznych. Przeanalizowano materiał źródłowy ilustrujący przekształcenia rynku od początku XIX w. do czasów współczesnych. Przeprowadzono także wywiady kwestionariuszowe z mieszkańcami. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają stwierdzić, że współczesny plac ukształtował się w drodze ewolucji poprzez stopniową wymianę oraz likwidację obiektów zlokalizowanych historycznie w obrębie płyty, tj. austerii, szkoły, jatek miejskich i domu towarowego. Ustalenia mają walory poznawcze i edukacyjne w zakresie ochrony dziedzictwa kulturowego regionu. Mogą być także użyteczne dla władz samorządowych w celach programowania polityki przestrzennej miasta.

EN

The aim of the research is to characterize the elements of the market square in Poddębice in historical terms and to extend the knowledge of the square form’s evolution, particularly an attempt to identify lost objects and their impact on the perception of the interior. The research was retrospective and comparative. The findings included the chronology of transformations, cause-and-effect relationships, compositional and architectural issues. The collected source materials illustrating the transformation of the market square from the beginning of the 19th century to the present were analyzed. Questionnaire interviews were also conducted with the town’s inhabitants. The results allow us to conclude that the contemporary square was shaped by evolution consisting in the gradual replacement and removal of objects from the market slab: i.e. inn, school, municipal butcheries and department store. The arrangements have cognitive and educational values in terms of protecting the cultural heritage of the region. It can also be useful for local governments to plan the town’s spatial policy.

3

Influence of Chlormequatchloride on Morphogenesis and Productivity of Cruciferous Plants

Polyvanyi Stepan, Polyvana Alina, Sakalova Halyna, Shevchuk Oksana, Khodanitska Olena, Tkachuk Olesia, Matviichuk Oleksandr, Knyazuk Oleg, Stepanenko Inna, Zavalnyuk Oksana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

53--60

EN

At present, there are burning issues concerning waste utilization of the agro-industrial complex, rational usage of nature and transition to the use of environmentally friendly and low-waste technologies. One of the most forward-looking areas is the application of the principles of the so-called "green chemistry", in particular, the development of technological processes using renewable raw materials and chemicals, the chemicals with a short half-life and low cost while ensuring maximum efficiency. The article presents the results of antigiberrelic preparation effect, which is characterized by low dosage and half-life in soil from 3 to 43 days on productivity, growth processes, anatomical, morphological features and functioning of the leaf apparatus of white mustard plants and rapeseed. The research shows that CCC-750 reduced the height of mustard and rapeseed plants. Inhibition of growth processes of white mustard plants at the beginning of the flowering phase with an anti-gibberellic preparation led to increased stem branching, which, in its turn, resulted in an increase in the number and area of leaves throughout the growing season. Moreover, the use of quaternary ammonium salt on winter rape plants has led to a reduction in the number of leaves and leaf area in comparison to the control samples. The application of the retardant caused an increase in the productivity of the studied cultures due to the increase in the number of pods, the increase in the mass of thousands of seeds and the number of seeds in the pod.

4

Strukturalne, litologiczne oraz tektoniczne uwarunkowania rozwoju i ewolucji świętokrzyskich skałek piaskowcowych

Urban Jan

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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vol. 68, nr 2

112--126

EN

Majority of ca. 90 sites ofsandstone crag groups and individual crags, occurring in the Świętokrzyskie (Holy Cross) Mts. region, represent the following crag-forming lithostratigraphic units: Cambrian Wiśniówka Formation, Devonian Barcza Fm and Zagórze Fm, Triassic Zagnańsk Fm and Krynki Beds, as well as Jurassic Skloby Fm and Ostrowiec Fm. Specific features of these rocks are the occurrence of sandstone series, up to 20 m thick, above more plastic, clayey or heterolithic series, high-energy depositional environments, and siliceous composition. The crag-forming sandstones differ in the amount of siliceous cement: from strongly cemented Paleozoic quartzitic sandstones to porous Mesozoic sandstones with poor cement, which determines diverse mechanical properties. Strongly cemented Paleozoic rocks display high rock strength and abrasion resistance, while porous and theoretically friable Mesozoic sandstones are characterised by high grain packing due to compaction. Regarding the principal role of gravitational disinte¬gration of rock massifs under the periglacial conditions in the Pleistocene, other factors constraining the crag formation and shaping are the tectonic situation of rocks (orientation of strata and joints), adequate joint spacing, and bed thickness. The interrelations between lithological and structural features of crag-forming sandstones and tectonics, conditioning erosion and weathering rates are specific for particular types of these sandstones.

5

Rola wód podziemnych w zasilaniu mokradeł w różnych warunkach geomorfologicznych

Jóźwiak Krzysztof, Solovey Tetyana

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 11

906--913

EN

The aim of the article is to analyze the occurrence of hydrogenic habitats in relation to morphogenesis and local groundwater circulation systems. The study was conducted in 2017 on 61 wetlands throughout Poland. Most of the studied habitats were located in the Vistula and Warta glaciation areas. The analyzed hydrogenic habitats belonged mainly to four habitat types: telmatic organic marshes, alluvial mineral marshes, periodic moistlands and peatlands. Three small mountainous spring areas were also included in the analysis. The impact of hydrogeological conditions on the supply and contact of groundwater with the habitat was analyzed. The type of hydrological feeding of habitats was also verified. The classification of morphogenetic conditions was based on the Detailed Geological Map of Poland at a scale of 1:50 000. Based on morphogenetic units, the dominant habitat types in individual units were specified: river valleys, plain glacilacustrine, ice-marginal valleys, lake plains, upland, outwash plains. The occurrence of individual types of habitats against the background of local groundwater circulation systems was also characterized. For selected habitats, a performed analysis encompassed the impact of fluctuations in the groundwater table over many years on the possibilities of groundwater supply.

6

Aksjologiczne bariery w rozwoju sfery publicznej. Studium lokalnego dyskursu publicznego

Weryński P.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2016

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z. 98

193--210

PL

W artykule dokonano analizy uwarunkowań aksjologicznych funkcjonowania lokalnej sfery publicznej, wskazano bariery jej rozwoju w kontekście istniejących w Polsce emergentnych struktur społecznych (interesy) oraz kulturowych (idei, wartości). Na podstawie założeń ontologicznych i epistemologicznych teorii morfogenezy struktury i sprawstwa przedstawiono studium przypadku dyskursu publicznego. Jakościowe dane terenowe poddano badaniu z wykorzystaniem metody krytycznej analizy dyskursu oraz założeń idealnej sytuacji komunikacyjnej Jürgena Habermasa.

EN

The article analyzes the conditions axiological functioning of the local public sphere, identified barriers to its development in the context of existing in Poland emergent social structures (interests) and culture (ideas, values). Based on the assumptions of ontological and epistemological theory of morphogenesis of structure and agency has been presented a case study of public discourse. Qualitative data field has been explored using the method of critical discourse analysis and assumptions of Jürgen Habermas’ the ideal situation of communication.

7

Morfogeneza zbiorowych podmiotów działania. Metodologia badania polskiego sprawstwa obywatelskiego

Weryński P.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2015

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z. 85

587--598

EN

Subject of the paper focuses on the issues of civil agency (agency) in the polish socio-cultural system. The author attempted to identify constraints and opportunities for action of the different social actors (individual and collective, including representatives of the elite ideological and related interest groups) within the reality, which is referred to historically as civil society and the open public sphere. Was presented research methodology of the structural and cultural conditions of primary action (passive) and collective (active) of social actors. Theoretical and methodological basis of the analysis provided Margaret Archer’s theory of morphogenetic.

PL

Tematyka artykułu skupia się na problematyce obywatelskiego sprawstwa (agency) w polskim systemie społeczno-kulturowym. Została podjęta próba wskazania ograniczeń i możliwości podmiotowego działania różnych aktorów społecznych (indywidualnych i zbiorowych, w tym przedstawicieli elit ideologicznych i powiązanych z nimi grup interesu) w obrębie rzeczywistości, którą określa się historycznie jako społeczeństwo obywatelskie oraz otwarta sfera publiczna. Przedstawiona została metodologia badań uwarunkowań strukturalno-kulturowych oraz osadzonych w ich kontekście działań wybranych podmiotów społecznych. Podstawę teoretyczno-metodologiczną analiz stanowiły założenia teorii morfo-genetycznej Margaret Archer.

8

Znaczenie analizy morfogenetycznej w ocenie wrażliwości środowiska gruntowo-wodnego na zanieczyszczenia antropogeniczne na obszarze Równiny Bielskiej

Falkowska E.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2014

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Vol. 23, No. 3

201--214

PL

Badania prowadzone na obszarze Równiny Bielskiej, ukształtowanej w trakcie zlodowacenia Warty, stadiału Wkry (Mojski, 1972; Lindner i Marks, 1999), wskazują, że osady budujące wyróżnione formy rzeźby terenu różnią się wartościami parametrów izolacyjnych (geochemicznych i filtracyjnych). Istnieje więc związek między morfogenezą tego postglacjalnego obszaru a zdolnościami do zatrzymywania zanieczyszczeń osadów budujących ich strefę przypowierzchniową. Powiązanie właściwości izolacyjnych osadów z ich układem przestrzennym i genezą pozwoliło także stworzyć dla tego typu obszaru klasyfikację zdolności izolacyjnych osadów budujących wydzielone formy rzeźby terenu.

EN

The studies were conducted in region of Bielska Plain. Its landscape was formed as a result of deglaciation of ice sheets during the Wartanian Glaciation, the Wkra Stadial (Mojski, 1972; Lindner i Marks, 1999). These investigations reveal that deposits of distinct geomorphological units are characterized by different value of isolation (geochemical and permeable) parameters. Therefore, there existed relationship between morphogenesis of this postglacial area and ability to hold pollution of deposits building their subsurface zone. Linking the isolation properties of the sediments and their origin also allowed creating for this type of area classification of isolation capacity of sediments building distinguished geomorphological units.

9

Glacial morphogenesis of uplands of the Warta Glaciation in Poland as a con trol on heavy metal distribution in deposits

Falkowska E.

Geological Quarterly

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2009

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Vol. 53, No 3

293-304

EN

The investigations were carried out to determine the relation ship between Cr, Co, Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb content and glacial morphogenesis that implies the geomorphological position of out crops of Quaternary deposits. The analysis deals with parts of two glacial uplands whose relief developed during deglaciation of the Warta ice sheet and which are characterized by similar relief and lithology of surface deposits. These are the Nidzica Upland near Grzebsk and the Bielsk Plain near Bielsk Podlaski. These areas show distinct regularity in pattern of geomorphological units, proving their areal deglaciation. Melt-out depressions, side valleys, ablation covers, kame terraces and kames as well as glaciofluvial plains are observed. The typical geomorphological element is isolated morainic hills (mesas). The investigations en abled determinations of regularity in the distribution of chemical eleements in the soil environment of the geomorphological units. Among mineral sediments, clay interlayers observed within kameter race and kame deposits were the most susceptible to concentrations of heavy metals, regard less of the region and the element to be determined. Lower Cd, Cu, Co, Pb, Zn and Cr contents were as sociated with morainic mesa and ablation cover deposits. The lowest contents of heavy minerals were mea sured in glaciofluvial plain, kame and kame terrace sands. Among land forms filled with organic deposits, the high estabilities to fix Cr, Co, Cu and Zn were shown by ice-dammed basins within upland deposits (Nidzica Upland) and side valley deposits (Bielsk Plain). Peats and muds of melt-out depressions were found to be most active in retaining Cd and Pb.

10

Naturalne geologiczne bariery izolacyjne na obszarach glacjalnych na przykładzie fragmentu Wysoczyzny Nidzickiej w okolicach Grzebska

Falkowska E.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2008

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T. 34, z. 4

663-675

PL

Badania prowadzono na glacjalnym obszarze Wysoczyzny Nidzickiej w okolicach Grzebska. Celem ich było wykazanie związku występowania naturalnych geologicznych barier izolacyjnych z morfogenezą tego obszaru. Opierając się na analizach właściwości filtracyjnych, pojemności wymiany kationowej, charakterystyce litologicznej oraz na analizie geomorfologicznej, przyporządkowano jednostkom geomorfologicznym klasy zdolności do zatrzymywania zanieczyszczeń. Do I klasy zaliczono formy, które zbudowane są z gruntów o wysokich właściwościach sorpcyjnych, niskiej wodoprzepuszczalności oraz charakteryzujące się ciągłością struktur i niskim poziomem zwierciadła wód podziemnych, a więc takie, w obrębie których występuje naturalna bariera izolacyjna. Zaliczono do nich misy wytopiskowe doliny Orzyca, obniżenia wytopiskowe na wysoczyźnie i dolinki boczne. II klasę stanowi wysoczyzna morenowa w strefie wychodni glin, III - pokrywy ablacyjne, IV - kemy, kemy dolinne, moreny czołowe i moreny martwego lodu. V klasę tworzą jednostki geomorfologiczne, w obrębie których bariera izolacyjna nie występuje. Należą do nich tarasy kemowe i równiny wodnolodowcowe. Badania wykazały przydatność analizy morfogenetycznej do waloryzacji obszaru o genezie glacjalnej pod względem występowania naturalnych barier izolacyjnych.

EN

The investigations were carried out in the eastern part of the Nidzica Upland near Grzebsk. The main aim of this research was to prove the connection between the occur of natural isolation barriers and the morphogenesis of this postglacial area. A geomorphologic model of the area was constructed. Geomorphological units were divided into five classes with regard to their abilities to retain pollution. The classification is based on the lithological characteristics of deposits, permeability coefficient, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and presence of continuous layers. Class I includes melt-out depressions, ice-dammed basins within the plateau, and side valleys which are built of peats, warps and gytia. They are characterized by very high sorption abilities, low permeability coefficient, and occurr as a continuous layer and at low groundwater level. Class II includes a morainic plateau built of glacial till; class III - an ablation cover, class IV - kames, valley kames, frontal moraines and dead-ice maraines, class V includes gemorphological units without natural isolation barriers in form of kame terrace and fluvioglacial plateau. The usefulness of morphogenesis analyses to valorize the studied part of the Nidzica Upland as a natural isolation barrier has been shown.

11

State-of-the-art in modelling of foraminiferal shells : searching for an emergent model

Tyszka J., Topa P., Saczka K.

Studia Geologica Polonica

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2005

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Vol. 124

143-158

EN

Modelling of foraminiferal tests (shells) started from the fixed-reference models, which used fixed points or axes as coordinate systems. Simulated shells are limited to simple planispiral, trochospiral or uniserial shell patterns, stable throughout ontogeny. On the other hand, various groups of foraminifera change chamber arrangements during their growth. Modelling of more complex forms, with changing chamber arrangement patterns, requires apertures, which are essential for morphogenesis of foraminifera. The moving reference model has solved this requirement, including apertures as reference points. This approach gives morphogenetic priority to apertures and produces more realistic simulations. Nevertheless, these models are still not "deep" enough to reflect the complexity of foraminiferal shells. It is proposed to focus on morphogenesis of real foraminifera and go deeper into the processes responsible for chamber formation. Earlier studies have shown that the cytoskeleton plays a major role in shaping the chambers. A new emergent model should introduce intracellular dynamics during the chamber formation. Internal processes should rather mimic physical interactions and biochemical reactions than geometric transformations. The foraminiferal morpho- genesis ought to emerge spontaneously from simple rules and parameters, instead of being predefined in the form of geometric figures and their transformations. The Diffusion Limited Aggregation (DLA) model, presented here, tests such a new emergent approach.

12

Nowa metoda modelowania morfogenezy otwornic

Tyszka J., Topa P., Łabaj P., Alda W.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 1

80-83

EN

An overview of modeling methods of invertebrate shells as a background for modeling and visualization of mineral shells of foraminifera is presented. The recent authors propose more realistic methods of modeling. Our model introduces the moving reference approach to theoretical modeling of foraminiferal shells. This approach uses apertures as reference points, which move together with step-by-step growing chambers. Another important aspect of simulation is a random selection of parameters from the defined ranges of values. The resulted ``theoretical shells’’ closely mimic morphology and variability of recent and fossil foraminifera. The model is presented as an applet at http://www.icsr.agh.edu.pl/foraminifera . Future prospect includes an “emergent model”, gaining deeper insight into real morphogenetic processes.

13

Geomorfologiczne uwarunkowania występowania naturalnych barier izolacyjnych w wybranych dolinach rzecznych Niżu Polskiego

Falkowska E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2002

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Vol. 50, nr 10/2

929-936

EN

Geomorphological investigations in the eastern part of the Polish Lowlands have demonstrated the predominance of rivers with an "inherited" character, that is rivers which have adapted a series of depressions after glacial melt-outs for their flow. Initially vast and shallow overflow lakes filled these depressions, in most cases giving parts of valleys, and occasionally also whole valleys a basin shape. The lakes were completely filled with marsh sediments: lake clays, gyttia, organic muds and peats. The admixture of channel sediments in basin-like river valleys is rather small in relation to their area. Due to areal deglaciation typical morphological forms developed in the Polish Lowlands. These include basin-like valley bottoms of lacustrine origin, side valleys connecting postglacial smaller melt-outs on the plateau, glacigenic deformations in the edge zones of the plateau and postglacial accumulation plains with a high-stand or ice-dammed sandy-silty cover. Regularities in the occurrence of features testifying for a glacial origin of wide and long sections were observed in river valleys of Supraśl, Nida, Wkra, Narew, Nurzec, Toczna, Tyśmienica, Piwonia, Krzna, as well as within the neighbouring plateaux. A geomorphological model of large areas was presented, along with the evaluation of the susceptibility of cover soils to pollution. Only such analysis enables an rational economically management of these areas. Lithological characteristics of sediments, filtration coefficient, cation exchange capacity (CEC), heavy metal sorption (Pb, Cd, Cu) and sorption intensity of Pb, Cd and Cu were adopted as indicators of the capacities of sediments building inherited river valleys and adjacent areas to retention of pollution. Sub-surface sediments of the same origin reveal similar physico-chemical properties despite their different age and different range of the particular glaciations, therefore they can be divided into five classes in respect to their capacities to retain pollution. Class I includes sediments with high capacities to retain pollution, i.e., peats, while class V includes sediments with very poor retention capacities, i.e., sands of the channel facies. The evaluation of pollution retention in the case of the investigated polygenic melt-out river valleys and adjacent areas depends on the occurrence of two zones. The first is the valley bottom, a vast area with considerably thick organic sediments (of lake and marsh origin) with high sorption capacities. These sediments create natural isolation barrier. The second zone is the plateau with slope wash sediments and kame terraces and with postglacial accumulation plains. Apart from sediments with very high capacities to retain pollution (clays), sedimentss with much lower capacities such as sands also occur there. The efficiency of the protection cover occurring within bottoms of the studied river valley section depends largely on its continuity, which can be affected by: a) valley kames within peat layers, b) glaciogenic deformations, complicating recharge, c) engineering objects.

14

Principles and mathematical modeling of biological pattern formation

Deutsch A., Dormann S.

Matematyka Stosowana : matematyka dla społeczeństwa

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2002

|

Nr 3

16-38

EN

An overview of principles and mathematical models of biological pattern formation is presented. One can distinguish preformation, optimization, topological and self-organization principles. Combinations of such principles are responsible for shape and tissue formation, differentia-tion, regeneration, morphogenetic motion, celi division and even malignant patterns, e.g. in tumor growth. Mathematical modeling allows for a system-atic analysis of the pattern-formation potential of morphogenetic principles. Biological patterns are the result of complex interactions between a smaller or larger number of components, particularly molecules and cells. Depend-ing on the modeling perspective microscopic (from the individual compo-nent level) and macroscopic models (from the population perspective) are distinguished. The specific question directs the choice of the appropriate perspective. A selection of microscopic and macroscopic model types is in-troduced.

15

Tectonic denudation concept of Lublin Upland morphogenesis using the example of Giełczew Heights

Superson Józef, Reder Jan, Demczuk Piotr

Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica

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2019/2020

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Vol. 53/54

137--151

EN

Land surface development at Giełczew Heights (central part of the Lublin Upland), especially denudational forms, has interested researchers since the 1950s due to its representativeness of the entire region. First, two planation levels and one valley level were separated. At a later stage of the study, more than three stacked levels were identified. Previous studies have proven that the denudational relief of Giełczew Heights is dependent on disjunctive tectonics. Numerous fault zones formed during the Paleogene and Neogene, which divided territories into several tectonic blocks of different rank, size and absolute height. Notably, this observation suggests a multitude of planation surfaces. Additionally, tectonic movements in the Early Pleistocene formed Giełczew Heights as an independent geomorphological region and strengthened the late Pliocene collocation of river valleys that has survived into the modern era.