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Plant diversity along an elevation gradient in hyrcanian forest of Northern Iran

Ataei Eshagh, Kazemnezhad Farid, Eshaghnimvari Majid, Sheykholeslami Ali

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 2-3

69--78

EN

Species diversity is one of the most important and fundamental issues in ecology. The present study was conducted to evaluate effects of elevation gradient on biodiversity in a temperate mountainous forest. For collection of trees' diversity data, 44 sample plots 20 × 20 m2 were set up every 50 m of the elevation interval at the altitude ranging from 100 m to 2250 m a.s.l. Also for collection of data on herbaceous vegetation, five microplots (1 × 2 m) were established (one microplot in the center and four microplots in the four corners of the plot). Species diversity values were analyzed using Simpson and modified Shannon Wiener indices. Also, species richness was calculated using Margalef and Smith-Wilson indices for each plot. The results from Simpson and modified Shannon Wiener biodiversity indices imply approximately bell-shaped diversity curves with the greatest species richness at medium elevations (800–1300 m a.s.l). However, if ecotones (gradual changes between two communities) are excluded, one can conclude that species biodiversity decreases with increasing elevation. The lowland community has the least richness that can be the result of the anthropogenic pressure. The evenness indices for the forest sites along the elevation gradient detected no trend with increasing elevation.

2

The changes in managed fir forest in Beskid Mts due to forest management after 11 years

Chmura D., Salachna A, Bochenek W

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 14, nr 1

1--6

EN

New phytosociological studies on permanent study plot (40 ´ 40 m) divided into 16 subplots in the managed forest were conducted in the upper part of basin of Bystrzanka (Beskid Niski Mts, SE Poland). The aim of the research was to determine the direction of changes in the Rubus hirtus-Abies alba community in the vicinity of the forest where forest management treatments are applied. It was recorded that the total number of species increased from 52 in 2000 to 80 in 2011. The DCA showed significant changes in species composition and the cover of species. Among others, the increase of forest edge species (epilobisation) and ruderal species (therophytization) and first of all the increase of meadow was observed. The structure of the community also changed; the mean cover of shrub species decreased.

3

The changes in managed fir forest in Beskid Mts due to forest management after 11 years

Chmura D, Salachna A, Bochenek W

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2013

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Nr 33

21--28

EN

The new phytosociological studies on permanent study plot (40 m x 40 m) divided into 16 subplots in managed forest were conducted in upper part of basin of Bystrzanka (Beskid Niski Mts, SE Poland). The aim of the research was to determine the direction of changes in the community Rubus hirtus-Abies alba community in the vicinity of forest where forest management treatments are applied.. It was recorded that total number of species increased from 52 in 2000 to 80 in 2011. The DCA showed significant changes in species composition and cover of species. Among others, the increase of forest edge species (epilobisation) and ruderal species (therophytization) and first of all the increase of meadow was observed. The structure of the community also changed; the mean cover of shrub species decreased.

PL

Przeprowadzono powtórne badania fitosocjologiczne na powierzchni stałej o wymiarach 40 x 40 m podzielonej na 16 poletek w lesie gospodarczym w górnej części zlewni potoku Bystrzanka niedaleko miejscowości Szymbark. Celem niniejszej pracy było określenie charakteru zmian w zbiorowisku Rubus hirtus-Abies alba w sąsiedztwie lasu gdzie prowadzone są prace leśne. Stwierdzono, że od 2000 r. nastąpił wzrost liczby gatunków z 52 do 80 w 2011. Analiza DCA wykazała znaczne różnice w składzie gatunkowym i pokryciu gatunków. Odnotowano m.in. wzrost udziału gatunków porębowych (epilobietyzacja) i ruderalnych (terofityzacja) oraz przede wszystkim duży wzrost udziału gatunków łąkowych. Struktura zbiorowiska uległa również zmianie; zmniejszyło się średnie pokrycie gatunków tworzących warstwę krzewów.