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Dynamic load identification for structural health monitoring

Jankowski Ł.

IPPT Reports on Fundamental Technological Research

2013

nr 2

1--280

This book deals with the inverse problem of identification of dynamic loads and its applications for low frequency structural health monitoring (SHM). It collects and unifies the work performed by the author within the framework of three research projects either alone or together with the three Ph.D. students under his supervision or co-supervision. In particular: - The inverse linear problem of load identification is discussed in the practically important case of limited instrumentation. Various techniques for augmenting the missing information are described together with three complementary quantitative measures of optimum sensor placement. - A method for identification of dynamic loads in elastoplastic structures is developed, including sensitivity analysis of the response and gradient-based optimization. - The general methodology of the virtual distortion method (VDM) is used to represent various SHM problems in terms of a load identification problem. This includes - A methodology for virtual isolation of substructures for the purpose of local SHM. - A model-free (nonparametric and based on purely experimental data) methodology for identification of structural damages, modifications and inelastic impacts. - A unified approach to the problem of simultaneous identification of unknown excitations and structural damages. All presented approaches are tested and illustrated in numerical examples that use a realistic numerical noise level of at least 5% rms. Depending on laboratory constraints, experimental verification is performed in selected cases.

Inspection and monitoring of engineering structures by means of optical displacement sensors based on interferometry techniques

Łukaszewski D., Sałbut L., Kujawińska M., Dymny G.

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

2012

R. 16, nr 12

87-91

Inspection and monitoring of engineering structures require simple, fast and remote acquisition, processing and visualization of relevant measuring data. Systems which utilize all above requirements are fundamental for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). All necessary information should refer to safety threshold and sent to end user, who can accurately assess the health of an object in short time and schedule necessary actions in order to prevent accidences. The paper presents the novel approach to optical displacements sensors. Authors describe low-cost in-plane displacement and strain sensors for monitoring in crucial regions of big civil engineering structures (square millimeters area around welds, joints etc.) by means of two interferometry techniques: Grating Interferometry (GI) and Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry (DSPI). In principle both of the methods applied have their specific requirements and can be used as complementary ones. GI requires specimen grating attached to the flat surface of an object under test, but it is the unique technique which may provide the information about fatigue process and increased residual stresses. DSPI works with a rough object surface, but due to differential measurements cannot be simply used for long time monitoring but to explore the actual behavior of a structure. We present both sensors working separately, but also we propose the technique which enables usage of the DSPI for long time or periodic monitoring by combining it in one sensor with GI in order to increase number of possible applications of the system. Both sensors can be manufactured by using low - cost replication technologies. The paper presents their mechanical and optical design along with laboratory tests of their main modules which are the sensor heads in the form of monolithic (plastic) and cavity waveguides. Finally, the exemplary applications of sensors in laboratory tests and on exemplary frame truss structure are presented and assessed.

Kontrola i monitoring konstrukcji inżynierskich wymaga prostej, szybkiej i zdalnej akwizycji oraz przetwarzania i wizualizacji danych pomiarowych. Systemy spełniające powyższe wymagania są niezbędne do monitorowania stanu technicznego konstrukcji (ang. Structural Health Monitoring - SHM). Dane uzyskiwane przez systemy monitoringu powinny odnosić się do założonych poziomów bezpieczeństwa i być wysłane do końcowego użytkownika, aby mógł on w krótkim czasie ocenić stan obiektu i zaplanować niezbędne działania celem zapobiegnięcia wypadkom. W artykule zaprezentowano nowe podejście do optycznych czujników przemieszczeń. Opisano niskokosztową głowicę interferometryczną wykorzystującą metodę interferometrii siatkowej i cyfrowej interferometrii plamkowej do pomiarów przemieszczenia i odkształcenia w płaszczyźnie. Przedstawiono jej zastosowanie w monitoringu newralgicznych punktów wielkogabarytowych konstrukcji inżynierskich (regiony wokół spawów, połączeń itp.). W pracy przedstawiono również projekt mechaniczny i optyczny czujników oraz testy laboratoryjne ich głównych modułów (falowodowych głowic pomiarowych). Na koniec przedstawiono aplikację opracowanych czujników na przykładowej konstrukcji kratownicowej.