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Filogenetyka molekularna - genom człowieka

Czernicka M.

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2014

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nr 7-8

18--22

PL

Genom człowieka jest źródłem dowodów na zdarzenia na drodze ewolucji molekularnej człowieka. Analiza genomu pozwoliła zidentyfikować zmiany w DNA, które przyczyniły się do rozdziału (specjacji) linii człowieka i szympansa około 5 milionów lat temu. Genomika porównawcza to narzędzie pozwalające na wyjaśnianie ewolucyjnej historii chromosomów i genów oraz poznanie organizacji ludzkiego genome.

EN

The human genome develops evidences for molecular events in human evolution. Genome analysis allowed to discover changes in human DNA which contributed to the evolution of human features after separation of the lineages of human and chimpanzee about 5 millions years ago. The comparative genomics is tool for clarifying the evolutionary history of chromosomes, genes and exploiting changes in the human genome organization.

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Identification of diatom isolates from the Gulf of Gdańsk: testing of species identifications using morphology, 18S rDNA sequencing and DNA barcodes of strains from the Culture Collection of Baltic Algae (CCBA)

Pniewski F. F., Friedl T., Latała A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2010

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Vol. 39, No.3

3-20

EN

Eighteen strains of diatoms isolated from different phytoplankton and microphytobenthic assemblages in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea, Poland) and maintained at the Culture Collection of Baltic Algae (CCBA) were investigated for their species identifications. The latter were tested by phylogenetic analyses of nearly full 18S rDNA sequences as well as through sequence comparisons of 5.8S+ITS2 rDNA fragments for use as DNA barcode. The planktonic species were readily identified as a member of the Cyclotella meneghiniana species complex and Skeletonema marinoi, respectively, by both 18S phylogenies and DNA barcoding. In contrast, for the pennate diatom strains the suitability of DNA sequence comparisons for species identification appeared to be still rather limited. Only one strain could be identified to the species level (Navicula gregaria) using DNA barcodes, and no closest relative barcode sequences were available for the other strains. The 18S rDNA phylogenies supported species identification for only one strain (Bacillaria cf. paxillifera). In all other pennate strains identification was only possible to the genus level. Because for most species identified by morphology no closest neighbouring 18S rDNA sequences were available, the CCBA strains may serve as references to represent certain species which have been well characterized by morphology, 18S rDNA sequence analyses and DNA barcodes. Relatively high 18S rDNA differences between pairs of strains of Fistulifera saprophila and Navicula perminuta indicated that each species may represent a complex of several cryptic species. In contrast, the five isolates of Nitzschia microcephala had identical sequences as well as the two isolates of Nitzschia cf fonticola. With the addition of new species to the 18S rDNA phylogeny of pennate raphid diatoms, the monophyly of the genera Fistulifera, Haslea and Navicula s.str. were confirmed, while Nitzschia appeared paraphyletic. The traditional family Naviculaceae was paraphyletic, in agreement with previous phylogenetic studies.

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Analysis of ancient mitochondrial DNA of the Baltic Sea sturgeon (Acipenser sp.)

Fopp-Bayat D., Ciesielski S., Luczyński M.

Environmental Biotechnology

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2005

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Vol. 1, No. 1

29--33

EN

Genetic relatedness between Baltic Sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio L.) specimens caught in different geographic areas is not clear. According to previous studies, fish captured in different locations within the historic area of A. sturio habitation are genetically different to each other. We have examined a fragment (191 base pairs) of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of four specimens of A. sturio found in Poland: three fish were preserved in museums of natural history and the bone of one fish was from an archaeological site. DNA sequences of the three museum samples were identical, whereas the DNA sequence of the archaeological sample differed in the 918 position of the cytochrome b gene. All the analyzed DNA fragments were similar to those of Acipenser baeri and genetically distant to Acipenser sturio and A. oxyrinchus.