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1 2002

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Solwatochromia i barwniki solwatochromowe

Wróblewska E.K., Soroka J.A., Soroka K.B.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2002

[Z] 56, 1-2

113--150

The phenomenon of solvatochromism is presented, taking into account the constitution of solvatochromic dyes, the physical interpretation and mathematical description (models) of solute-solvent interaction. The discussion covers Onsager's early reactions field model and subseqent qualitative interpretation of the solvent effect on solute dipole moment change by Bayliss and McRea. Subsequently solvatochromic dyes were presented briefly as empirical polarity indicators with respect to other methods applied to this goal. Binary solvents mixtures polarity models were critically discussed, taking into account the conceptions of Langhals, Dawber, Bosh and Rosés and Skwierczyński and Connors. After this introduction Soroka's models were presented: the physicochemical V-B-HB model based on solute electronic structural changes in pure solvents and the SA-SAB-SB model of solvatochromism in binary solvent mixtures. Both models describe well the behaviour of many pure solvents, as well as the properties of a number of binary systems series including ones well known from textbooks. These models provide reliable support for advanced investigations and precise interpretation of molecular interactions in liquids.