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1 Eckes K.

1 2006

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Modelowanie rzeczywistości geograficznej w systemach informacji przestrzennej

Eckes K.

Roczniki Geomatyki

2006

T. 4, z. 2

43-73

In this paper, geographical reality is treated as topographical surface with natural objects and humancreated infrastructure. The natural objects and infrastructure occur on the earth surface and under it. So understood geographical reality is featured by a very big number of objects and large diversity of them. The projection of geographical reality in the 2-D form in order to create the map image needs the diversity to be reduced by means of object classification, object and details simplification and reduction of three-dimensional space to two-dimensional one. In order to record an image of the map in the spatial information system it should be adjusted to the logic of computer technology - and transformed to the linear form (1-D). In this paper two different ways of transformation of the map image to spatial information system (two ways of data modeling) are described .building of a vector model and building of a raster model. The first part of this paper presents the way to take control of the complexity of geographical realityusing objects classification, object shape simplification and projection of three-dimensional space (3- D) to the 2-D dimension. The second part describes five vector models: an object-oriented non-topological model, a source model as non-arranged list of vectors (model spaghetti), an elementary topological model, a chain topological model and an object-oriented topological model. In descriptions of each models the recordings of geometric structural elements, topology and objects are presented. The third part describes building of three raster models: a the global (universal) model, a global classselected model and a set of thematic layers, based on hierarchical image transformation to linear form. The last part is devoted to the digital modeling of topographical surface . to building of digital terrain models. This short chapter contains only an outline of this subject. Modeling of topographical surface is a very broad problem, which needs separate, extensive description.