Firstly a short discussion of some methodological problems in the present-day theory of fundamental interactions is presented. Subsequently we consider the basic conceptual steps leading from the Standard Model of elementary particles to the Theories of Everything (D = 11 supergravity, D = 10 superstrings and M-theory). The notions of extra dimensions, supersymmetry and extended elementary objects (e.g. strings) are discussed. It is shown how these three basic geometric concepts are employed in the contemporary theories of fundamental interactions. Basic features of the latest Theory of Everything - the so-called M-theory - are pointed out. An outlook taking into consideration the noncommutative (quantum) symmetries and noncommutative geometry is briefly presented.
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