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Quality of emergency stair travel devices

Zając Krzysztof, Sydor Maciej, Mrugalska Beata

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2023

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Nr 86

23--51

EN

Emergency stair travel devices are designed to evacuate people from buildings and used during initial unguided spontaneous evacuations as well as by professional emergency services. The requirements for evacuation chairs are varied: they are determined by the technical conditions of the building, by the specific way of operation of non-professional and professional operators, and on the other hand, they must take into account the specificity of evacuated people. The problem is to indicate the quality parameters of the evacuation chairs so that these chairs can be adapted to the organization and equipment system. The article aims to indicate and justify such quality parameters. The starting point was a quantitative analysis of scientific documents. It was found that there are only 33 scientific documents directly related to research on the evacuation of people with physical disabilities. Based on the literature, the tested evacuated devices were classified into three main types: hand-carried, tracked, and sled. Three groups of potential users of emergency stair travel devices have been identified: 1) “non-professional rescuer”, i.e., a person assisting in the first spontaneous phase of evacuation; (2) “professional rescuer”, meaning a firefighter or other professional who is physically fit and well versed in the operation of equipment and evacuation procedures; this type of user usually appears in the second phase of the evacuation; (3) evacuee. Each of these groups has specific needs and evaluates the quality of the device in different ways. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the following predictors of the quality of emergency stair travel devices have been identified: average evacuation time(s), evacuation speed (m/s), number of rescuers (pcs.), effort of rescuers (estimated oxygen consumption or pulse rate) and comfort of the person being rescued (estimated by pulse frequency or based on surveys). The expert analysis points out that essential requirements for evacuation devices vary for different people and do not overlap. For a person being evacuated, for example, the position of the body during evacuation is important, and from the point of view of rescuers, the ease of use, mobility and tolerance for errors in use are important in case of evacuation. Both groups of rescuers have similar requirements, but they have different priorities.

PL

Urządzenia przeznaczone do ewakuacji osób z budynków używane są podczas początkowej niekierowanej ewakuacji spontanicznej, jak również przez profesjonalne służby ratownicze. Wymagania wobec krzeseł ewakuacyjnych są zróżnicowane, z jednej strony są one determinowane przez uwarunkowania techniczne budynku, z drugiej przez specyficzny sposób działania osób je używających, operatorów nieprofesjonalnych i profesjonalnych, a z trzeciej strony muszą uwzględniać specyfikę osób ewakuowanych. Problemem jest wskazanie parametrów jakościowych krzeseł ewakuacyjnych, tak żeby można było je dopasować do wymagań organizacyjnych i technicznych. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie i uzasadnienie takich parametrów jakościowych urządzeń ewakuacyjnych. Punktem wyjścia jest ilościowa analiza dokumentów naukowych. Ustalono, że istnieją zaledwie 33 dokumenty naukowe odnoszące się bezpośrednio do badań na temat ewakuacji osób z niepełnosprawnościami ruchowymi po schodach. Na podstawie literatury dokonano klasyfikacji badanych urządzeń do ewakuacji na trzy główne typy: urządzenia do przenoszenia, urządzenia do przewożenia i urządzenia do przeciągania po klatce schodowej. Zidentyfikowano trzy grupy potencjalnych użytkowników urządzeń do ewakuacji osób po schodach: 1) „ratownik nieprofesjonalny”, czyli osoba, udzielająca pomocy w pierwszej spontanicznej fazie ewakuacji; (2) „ratownik profesjonalny”, czyli strażak lub inny profesjonalista, który jest sprawny fizycznie i dobrze obeznany z działaniem urządzeń oraz procedurami ewakuacji, tego rodzaju osoba pojawia się zwykle w drugiej fazie ewakuacji; (3) osoba ewakuowana. Każda z tych grup ma specyficzne potrzeby i inaczej ocenia jakość urządzenia. Na podstawie analizy literatury naukowej zidentyfikowano następujące predyktory jakości urządzeń do ewakuacji po schodach: Średni czas ewakuacji (s), Prędkość ewakuacji (m/s), Liczba ratowników (szt.), Wysiłek ratowników (estymowany zużyciem tlenu lub częstotliwością pulsu), Wygoda osoby ratowanej (estymowana częstotliwością pulsu lub na podstawie badań ankietowych). Na podstawie analizy eksperckiej ustalono, że istotne wymagania wobec urządzeń do ewakuacji są różne dla różnych osób i nie pokrywają się. Dla osoby ewakuowanej np. istotna jest pozycja ciała podczas ewakuacji, a z punktu widzenia ratowników do ewakuacji ważne są łatwość użycia, mobilność i tolerancja na błędy w użyciu. Obydwie grupy ratowników mają podobne wymagania, jednak mają one zróżnicowany priorytet.

2

The impact of an integrated fare system on the public transport demand: A literature review

Dydkowski Grzegorz, Urbanek Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2023

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nr 74 (146)

16--27

EN

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of fare integration on the demand for public transport and the role of IT technologies and cash-free payments in this process. The paper presents the results of a critical literature review of studies conducted in this area so far. This approach enables the integration of theoretical and empirical findings, and perspectives of fragmented and interdisciplinary studies. Fare integration in cities is one of the factors that increase the demand for urban public transport services. This results from an improved image of public transport, easier promotion of services, more eligible passenger information, and easier use of services due to the uniform regulations and fares. In addition, for travelers, fare integration means cheaper services because they do not need to buy separate tickets corresponding to various organizers or carriers. The implementation of solutions from the field of fare integration is also related to costs; one can primarily mention the transaction costs and those related to the introduction of new solutions into the sales systems. The increase in the demand for public transport services due to the implementation of fare integration, results in external benefits that affect the sustainability of city transport systems and, thereby, justifies the funding of it by the public sector, which is accountable for ensuring efficient public transport.

3

Review of attachments for orthopaedic crutches supporting the mobility of pedestrian road users with disabilities

Wnuk Aneta K., Malawko Piotr

Transport Samochodowy

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2023

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z. 1

10--15

EN

In 2022, an interdisciplinary ITS team began work entitled: Development of solutions dedicated to pedestrians using orthopaedic crutches in the context of researching the needs of this group of road users in terms of the availability and functionality of elements supporting their movement and improving their mobility and safety, stage II. Its objective was to develop an orthopaedic crutch attachment that improved the comfort and safety of pedestrians moving about in various weather conditions. This article presents the results of the cap review (task 1 of the project), which is the starting point for further project activities.

PL

W 2022 roku interdyscyplinarny zespół ITS rozpoczął pracę pt. Opracowanie rozwiązań dedykowanych pieszym poruszającym się przy użyciu kul ortopedycznych w kontekście badań potrzeb tej grupy uczestników ruchu drogowego w zakresie dostępności i funkcjonalności elementów wspomagających ich poruszanie się oraz poprawiających ich mobilność i bezpieczeństwo, etap II. Jej celem jest opracowanie nasadki na kulę ortopedyczną poprawiającą komfort i bezpieczeństwo pieszych poruszających się w różnych warunkach pogodowych. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiano wyniki przeglądu nasadek (zadanie 1 projektu), stanowiące punkt wyjściowy dalszych działań projektowych. Na tej podstawie opracowano prototyp nasadki, której schemat zaprezentowano również na kartach artykułu.

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Drivers with disabilities who use hand controls - challenges for Serbian society

Petrović Ɖorđe, Mijailović Radomir, Pešić Dalibor

Transport Samochodowy

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2023

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z. 1

3--9

EN

This study aims to identify the barriers of drivers with disabilities who use hand controls based on research of their experiences in Serbia. After identifying the barriers, we proposed recommendations based on best world practices and the real needs of drivers. The barriers are divided into two groups: before and during the driving experience. Within the first group, problems related to country support and training in driving schools are identified. The second group of problems is vehicle adaptations and everyday participation in traffic. For each barrier, we proposed recommendations based on the best practice and real needs of DwD. The expected effects of these recommendations are an increase in the number of drivers with disabilities who use hand controls and their mobility and road safety. Also, the proposed measures may have a good effect in countries and regions with a similar inclusion level as Serbia.

PL

Niniejsze badanie ma na celu zidentyfikowanie barier dla niepełnosprawnych kierowców korzystających z ręcznych urządzeń sterujących, na podstawie badań ich doświadczeń w Serbii. Po zidentyfikowaniu barier zaproponowaliśmy rekomendacje oparte na najlepszych światowych praktykach i rzeczywistych potrzebach kierowców. Bariery dzielą się na dwie grupy: przed i w trakcie jazdy. W ramach pierwszej grupy zidentyfikowano problemy związane ze wsparciem kraju i szkoleniem w szkołach nauki jazdy. Druga grupa problemów to adaptacje pojazdów i codzienne uczestnictwo w ruchu drogowym. Dla każdej bariery zaproponowaliśmy rekomendacje oparte na najlepszych praktykach i rzeczywistych potrzebach niepełnosprawnych kierowców. Oczekiwanym efektem tych zaleceń jest wzrost liczby niepełnosprawnych kierowców korzystających z ręcznych metod sterowania oraz ich mobilność i bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego. Proponowane środki mogą również przynieść pozytywne skutki w krajach i regionach o podobnym poziomie integracji jak Serbia.

5

Mobility of employees and students in a university town in a post-communist country

Kubík Josef, Bartók Ottó, Urbánek Tomáš

Transport Problems

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2023

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T. 18, z. 3

53--64

EN

Transportation is undergoing its most significant transformation since the inception of road transport. This transformation is fueled by concerns about climate change and technological advancements. Understanding the current situation in medium- sized cities across Europe is crucial to developing transportation concepts for urban areas within the EU. This study offers insights into the current state of urban mobility in post- communist countries and depicts the current spatial mobility in a medium-sized city. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of selected socioeconomic factors on the mobility of employees and students. This study, conducted in 2019, employed quantitative research methods, including a questionnaire survey. In total, 545 employees and students participated in the survey, representing a significant indicator of mobility in the city of Zlín. Data analysis was performed using nonparametric methods. The results indicate a relationship between respondents’ job classification, age group, transportation time, and choice of means of transport. These findings can be applied to countries with similar historical and cultural development backgrounds, such as Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia.

6

Enhancing mobility: developing a pedestrian solution for locomotion challenges and road safety

Wnuk Aneta, Jankowska-Karpa Dagmara

Transport Problems

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2023

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T. 18, z. 3

163--164

EN

Orthopedic crutch attachments (caps) are an important but underestimated element supporting the safety of pedestrians, including elderly road users with disabilities. A review of the literature shows that this topic is rarely the subject of research and new solutions. In 2022, the multidisciplinary team of the Motor Transport Institute started multi-stage work to develop and implement innovative multi-functional attachments to orthopedic equipment as an element improving the comfort of movement of this group in various weather conditions. Focus group interviews with potential users, which were a part of the project, indicated the most important features of the selection of such a solution, such as material, anti-slip properties, ease of replacement, durability (low abrasion), ensuring stability, and quiet operation. On this basis, the final prototype of the orthopedic crutch attachment presented in the article was developed. In addition, areas related to road safety and pedestrian safety devices were identified, the implementation and promotion of which could improve the functioning of orthopedic equipment users.

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Elektryczne taksówki powietrzne jako element mobilności powietrznej Smart City

Liszka Alicja

Transport Miejski i Regionalny

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2023

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nr 6

3--14

PL

Artykuł przedstawia powietrzne taksówki elektryczne, jako innowacyjne rozwiązanie w logistyce miejskiej. Wprowadzeniem do tematu jest opis teorii dynamicznie rozwijającej się koncepcji Smart City, pozwalającej na eliminację niekorzystnych skutków rozwoju aglomeracji oraz dokładniejszą koordynację miasta jako organizmu. Spośród 6 obszarów, które obejmuje Smart City, artykuł poświęcony jest mobilności oraz nowoczesnym rozwiązaniom elektromobilnym, takim jak: elektryczne i hybrydowe samochody, metro, hulajnogi elektryczne, drony itd., wprowadzane w celu dywersyfikacji transportu. Druga połowa artykułu skupia się na opracowywanych obecnie modelach powietrznych taksówek elektrycznych oraz infrastrukturze niezbędnej do ich działania. Istotną inspiracją do powstania artykułu były Światowe Wystawy EXPO2020 w Dubaju, podczas których zostały zaprezentowane niektóre z opisywanych modeli. W polskiej literaturze niewiele źródeł porusza opisywaną tematykę, ale prace nad prototypami są na takim etapie zaawansowania, że wprowadzenie tego rozwiązania w niektórych miejscach na Ziemi jest jedynie kwestią czasu.

EN

This article presents electric air taxis as an innovative solution in urban logistics. An introduction to the subject is presented with a description of the theory of the dynamically developing Smart City concept, which makes it possible to eliminate the disadvantages of agglomeration development and to coordinate the city as an organism more accurately. Of the 6 areas that SmartCity covers, the article focuses on mobility and modern electromobility solutions, such as electric and hybrid cars, metros, electric scooters, drones, etc., being introduced to diversify transport. The second half of the article focuses on the electric air taxi models currently under development and the infrastructure required for their operation. An important inspiration for the article was the EXPO2020 World Expo in Dubai, during which some of the models described were presented. Few sources in the Polish literature address the described issues, but work on prototypes is at such a stage of advancement that the introduction of this solution in some places on Earth is only a matter of time.

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Rola samorządów wojewódzkich w organizowaniu przewozów autobusowych na tle ustawy o Funduszu rozwoju przewozów autobusowych o charakterze użyteczności publicznej

Wach Karol

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

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2023

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R. 78, nr 9/10

9--14

PL

Wykluczenie transportowe jest jednym ze zjawisk, stanowiących barierę w funkcjonowaniu lokalnych społeczności. Zaproponowane rozwiązania prawne nie zawsze przyniosły pożądany skutek, stąd też celowe stało się poszukiwanie nowych mechanizmów. Jednym z nich jest dofinansowanie reaktywowanych linii komunikacyjnych z funduszu celowego. Wykluczenie transportowe dotyka przede wszystkim mieszkańców mniejszych ośrodków, dla których brak dostępu do transportu zbiorowego może stanowić o niemożliwości dotarcia do lekarza, szkoły czy zakładu pracy. W niniejszym opracowaniu przeanalizowana została aktywność samorządów wojewódzkich w organizowaniu publicznego transportu zbiorowego w zakresie przewozów autobusowych. Do chwili utworzenia Funduszu rozwoju przewozów autobusowych o charakterze użyteczności publicznej była ona bowiem znikoma. Znaczne zmiany w tym zakresie nastąpiły po roku 2019, choć do chwili obecnej jeszcze nie wszystkie województwa podjęły się organizowania połączeń autobusowych.

EN

Transport exclusion is one of the phenomena constituting a barrier to the functioning of local communities. The proposed legal solutions did not always bring the desired effect, therefore it was advisable to look for new mechanisms. One of them is co-financing of the reactivated communication lines from the special purpose fund. Transport exclusion primarily affects residents of smaller towns, for whom the lack of access to public transport may make it impossible to reach a doctor, school or workplace. This study analyzes the activity of voivodeship self-governments in organizing public collective transport in the field of bus transport. Until the establishment of the Fund for the development of public utility bus transport, it was insignificant. Significant changes in this respect took place after 2019, although not all voivodeships have yet undertaken to organize bus connections.

9

Carrier concentration and in-plane mobility in both non-intentionally and Si-doped InAsSb and InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice materials for space-based infrared detectors

Morath Christian P., Casias Lilian K., Umana-Membreno Gilberto A., Webster Preston T., Grant Perry C., Maestas Diana, Cowan Vincent M., Faraone Lorenzo, Krishna Sanjay, Balakrishnan Ganesh

Opto-Electronics Review

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2023

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Vol. 31, Special Issue

art. no. e144554

EN

The sensitivity of III-V-based infrared detectors is critically dependent upon the carrier concentration and mobility of the absorber layer, and thus, accurate knowledge of each is required to design structures for maximum detector performance. Here, measurements of the bulk in-plane resistivity, in-plane mobility, and carrier concentration as a function of temperature are reported for non-intentionally doped and Si-doped mid-wave infrared InAs₀.₉₁Sb₀.₀₉ alloy and InAs/InAs₀.₆₅Sb₀.₃₅ type-II superlattice materials grown on GaSb substrates. Standard temperature- and magnetic-field-dependent resistivity and the Hall measurements on mesa samples in the van der Pauw configuration are performed, and multicarrier fitting and modelling are used to isolate transport of each carrier species. The results show that up to 5 carrier species of the surface, interface and bulk variety contribute to conduction, with bulk electron and hole mobility up to 2·10⁵ cm²/V s and 8·10³ cm²/V s, respectively and background dopant concentration levels were between 10¹⁴ and 10¹⁵ cm¯³. The in-plane mobility temperatures dependence is determined and trends of each carrier species with temperature and dose are analysed.

10

Geospatial analysis of telecommunication and travel behaviour of households: Lessons from a developing city in Nigeria

Aderibigbe Oluwayemi-Oniya, Gumbo Trynos

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2023

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Vol. 8, No. 2

71--85

EN

The advent of telecommunications and other advanced technologies rapidly increases activity accessibility. Consequently, this study examined the impact of telecommunication on the mobility pattern of households in Nigeria. The multi-stage procedure was adopted for the study, and a systematic sampling technique was employed to select 10% of the registered building for questionnaire administration. Thus, 512 respondents were sampled. The stepwise regression analysis revealed that age, income of respondents, call duration, and subscription cost were significant factors influencing telecommunication usage. We found that telecommunication replaces in-store shopping, with 40% of the respondents substituting their shopping trips with telecommunication. We, therefore, proposed that people should be enlightened on the culture of the use of telecommunication and that its usage extends beyond call linkages, as other benefits should be explored.

11

Characterization of Chromium (VI) Interaction with Rivers Sediments-In Relation to the Composition

Azzouz Sarah, Boukhalfa Chahrazed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

72--78

EN

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the mobility of chromium (VI) in aquatic systems by studying its interaction with different rivers sediments. The studied sediments were collected from the river Essouk which flows through a mining area in Skikda, and from the river Hemimime which flows through an industrial area in Constantine. The Cr(VI) fixation experiments on the studied sediments were carried out in batch. The results obtained show that the fixation of Cr(VI) is mainly related to the composition of the sediments. Sediments with a predominance of schwertmannite fix Cr(VI) better. The predominance of jarosite or calcite in sediments, implies a low Cr(VI) retention capacity. In the three cases, the kinetics of Cr(VI) fixation follows the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm is best described by the Freundlich model in the case of the jarosite predominance and by the Langmuir model in the case of the schwertmannite or the calcite predominance.

12

Autonomous transport in Polish cities – perspectives for implementation

Jurczak Marcin, Pawlicka Kinga

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2023

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nr 4

39--47

EN

Autonomous transport is one of the main trends in the development of urban mobility. In Poland, this area is relatively poorly studied, partly because of the small number of implemented projects. So, do autonomous vehicles have a chance to become more frequent sight on Polish streets? The authors of this publication have two objectives. The first is to assess plans and measures undertaken to implement autonomous transport in Polish cities. The second aim of the publication is to define further perspectives for the development of autonomous transport in Polish cities. The basis of the survey was formulated as the following research problems: What is the level of advancement of autonomous transport implementation in Polish cities? What is the interest by the authorities of Polish cities (local government units) in the subject of autonomous transport? The authors decided to use triangulation of studies. On the one hand, hard data were collected (by analysing the strategic documents of cities), on the other – a survey was conducted. The survey itself collected information about the measures implemented as well as more subjective and prognostic elements related to the "opinions" of Polish cities on autonomous transport. Activities for the implementation of autonomous transport in Polish cities are at a low level. The study shows that the road to autonomous vehicles in public transport in Polish cities is still a long way off: their experience in implementing such innovative projects is very scarce, mostly because benefits of implementing modern technologies in public transport are not really perceived, while a lot of organisational and financial barriers are obvious.

PL

Transport autonomiczny to jeden z głównych trendów rozwoju mobilności w miastach. W Polsce obszar ten jest stosunkowo słabo rozpoznany, po części ze względu na niewielką liczbę realizowanych projektów. Czy zatem pojazdy autonomiczne mają szansę stać się częstszym widokiem na polskich ulicach? Autorom przyświecają dwa cele. Pierwszym jest ocena planów i podjętych działań w zakresie wdrożenia transportu autonomicznego w polskich miastach, a drugim – określenie dalszych perspektyw rozwoju transportu autonomicznego w tych ośrodkach miejskich. Podstawą badania ankietowego był następujący problem badawczy: Jaki jest poziom zaawansowania wdrażania transportu autonomicznego w polskich miastach? Jakie jest zainteresowanie tematyką transportu autonomicznego ze strony władz polskich miast (jednostek samorządu terytorialnego)? Autorzy zdecydowali się na triangulację badań. Z jednej strony zebrano twarde dane (poprzez analizę dokumentów strategicznych miast), z drugiej przeprowadzono ankietę. Samo badanie pozwoliło pozyskać informacje o wdrożonych działaniach, jak i bardziej subiektywne i prognostyczne elementy związane z planami i przemyśleniami włodarzy polskich miast na temat transportu autonomicznego. Działania na rzecz wdrażania transportu autonomicznego w polskich miastach są na niskim poziomie. Z badania wynika, że droga do pojazdów autonomicznych w transporcie publicznym w polskich miastach jest jeszcze daleka. Doświadczenie we wdrażaniu innowacyjnych projektów i zainteresowanie tego typu projektami jest bardzo małe, głównie dlatego, że nie dostrzega się korzyści płynących z wdrażania nowoczesnych technologii w transporcie publicznym, natomiast widzi się wiele barier organizacyjnych i finansowych.

13

Artificial intelligence in the smart city — a literature review

Szpilko Danuta, Naharro Felix Jimenez, Lăzăroiu George, Nica Elvira, Gallegos Antonio de la Torre

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2023

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Vol. 15, no. 4

53--75

EN

The influence of artificial intelligence (AI) in smart cities has resulted in enhanced efficiency, accessibility, and improved quality of life. However, this integration has brought forth new challenges, particularly concerning data security and privacy due to the widespread use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The article aims to provide a classification of scientific research relating to artificial intelligence in smart city issues and to identify emerging directions of future research. A systematic literature review based on bibliometric analysis of Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted for the study. Research query included TITLE-ABS-KEY (“smart city” AND “artificial intelligence”) in the case of Scopus and TS = (“smart city” AND “artificial intelligence”) in the case of the Web of Sciences database. For the purpose of the analysis, 3101 publication records were qualified. Based on bibliometric analysis, seven research areas were identified: safety, living, energy, mobility, health, pollution, and industry. Urban mobility has seen significant innovations through AI applications, such as autonomous vehicles (AVs), electric vehicles (EVs), and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), yet security concerns persist, necessitating further research in this area. AI’s impact extends to energy management and sustainability practices, demanding standardised regulations to guide future research in renewable energy adoption and developing integrated local energy systems. Additionally, AI’s applications in health, environmental management, and the industrial sector require further investigation to address data handling, privacy, security, and societal implications, ensuring responsible and sustainable digitisation in smart cities.

14

Credit - inequality nexus: the role of natural resources

Magwedere Margaret Rutendo

Economics and Environment

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2023

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No. 3

508--526

EN

This article offers a contribution to the understanding of the links between credit, inequality and natural resources, using panel data from 2002 to 2021 for 31 countries. A system-generalised method of moments was employed to determine the dynamic relationship between the variables of the study. The findings of the study suggest inequality and natural resources have a negative and significant relationship with credit. Higher inequality levels and natural resources rents are associated with a lower ratio of private credit to gross domestic product. The study offers an insight into the three pillars of sustainability, namely economic, social and environmental. It is essential for policymakers to integrate environmental factors such as natural resources in the relationships between inequality and the financial sector.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi wkład w zrozumienie powiązań między kredytami, nie-równościami i zasobami naturalnymi, wykorzystując dane panelowe z lat 2002-2021 dla 31 krajów. Zastosowano uogólnioną metodę momentów w celu określenia dynamicznej relacji między zmiennymi badania. Wyniki badania sugerują, że nierówności i zasoby naturalne mają negatywny i znaczący związek z kredytem. Wyższe poziomy nierówności i renty z zasobów naturalnych wiążą się z niższym stosunkiem kredytów prywatnych do produktu krajowego brutto. Badanie oferuje wgląd w trzy filary zrównoważonego rozwoju, a mianowicie gospodarczy, społeczny i środowiskowy. Istotne jest, aby decydenci polityczni uwzględnili czynniki środowiskowe, takie jak zasoby naturalne, w relacjach między nierównościami a sektorem finansowym.

15

Analysis of Covid restrictions’ influence on road traffic crashes and related road users’ behaviour in the Czech Republic

Bucsuházy Kateřina, Zůvala Robert, Ambros Jiří

Archives of Transport

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2023

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Vol. 66, iss. 2

109--121

EN

The Covid pandemic and following restrictions worldwide influence various aspects -lockdown does not only have economic consequences but is also associated with a change in population mobility. As well as the spread of a pandemic and the associated numbers of infections and deaths, policy responses and restrictions have also varied from country to country. Despite all the negative impacts of the Covid pandemic, the decrease in crash-related injuries may be seen as one of the positive impacts of lockdown politics. The change in crash characteristics during the Covid lockdown may provide new insights and help design countermeasures for road safety improvement. It is not sufficient to generalize findings across individual countries, there were different trends in crash frequency and severity during the Covid lockdown The main purpose of this study was to investigate the Covid restriction's impact on road safety in the Czech Republic. The retrospective analysis was performed using data the Police crash statistics. In addition to data from the main Covid periods (2020 and 5 months of 2021 data), crash data from 2016-2019 as the period unaffected by the Covid pandemic, were used as a control group. The study focused not only on the overall crash frequency but also on the analysis of the crash frequency according to the individual crash participants. Crash data did not indicate significant changes in risky behaviour. The mobility decrease was associated with decreased crash frequency, especially of vehicles and pedestrians. The crash numbers also reflect changes in how people spend time, respectively an increase in leisure time activities in some age groups and a change in usage of transport modes. Two-wheeled vehicle users (cyclists, motorcyclists) crash frequency was more influenced by seasonality. While the crash frequency of vehicles (personal vehicles and HGVs) and pedestrians was better correlated with mobility data, the cyclists and motorcyclists crash frequency were better correlated with temperature.

16

Modelling the variation in the mobility pattern of households in the urban and rural areas of Nigeria

Aderibigbe Oluwayemi-Oniya, Gumbo Trynos

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 117

5--21

EN

There is evidence that rural areas are disadvantaged in mobility compared to urban areas. Hence, this study examined spatial variation in the travel pattern of households in urban and rural areas of Nigeria. This study used primary data obtained through questionnaire administration on household heads in the residential zones of both urban and rural areas studied, using the multi-stage sampling technique. Findings revealed that variations exist for age, education level, income level, and occupation in urban and rural areas, and household's average daily mean trip frequency showed a level of fewer trips being generated in the rural area than those in the urban area. Furthermore, the result of the stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that transport mode, household size, number of workers in the house, and occupation of household head were significant variables influencing trip making in urban areas while age, household size, the income of household head and number of employed people were significant in the rural areas. This study concludes that differences exist in the mobility pattern of urban and rural households, and as such, equal consideration and attention should be given to them in policy formulations.

17

New infrastructures in enhancing mobility in the city of Nairobi

Akoko John Ayieko

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 155

9--16

EN

Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to show how the new, especially the current development in infrastructure in the urban setup, in this case, the capital city of Kenya, Nairobi, improves the movement within the city. Furthermore, it also examines the various ways in which these new infrastructures have improved or improved the quality of life of the city residents. Design/methodology/approach: Nairobi city was chosen as it is the biggest and largest city in east and central Africa. The literature theories used in this paper were gathered from various internet sources such as the website of Nairobi city authority and also from the website of different media companies. In addition to these, some literature sources and books were also used to gather information for the paper as well as audio-visual sources like YouTube. Personal experience about the country and the city was also used as the author comes from the country and the city being talked about in this paper. Findings: The outcome of this theoretical paper was that indeed the efficient mobility within a city depends on how well the infrastructures are efficient. These include transport, technology, environmental and social infrastructures. These infrastructures help to improve mobility to a higher level as compared to the previous ones. The new ones being implemented by the city authorities and the central government play a crucial role in improving the living standard of the city residents by easy and efficient movement within the city. The new infrastructures range from physical infrastructures, technologies, the organization to the management of the whole city as all must be combined for efficient mobility. Originality/value: This article deals with how the new infrastructures help in improving mobility within urban settings especially in a developing world like Kenya. It also looks at the past, current, and future plans for the city's infrastructural development to enhance mobility. These also include the political, social, and economic will of the authorities concerned.

18

Logistics in today’s airforce shape of maneuver

Łukowski Dariusz, Prokopowicz Wojciech

Wiedza Obronna

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2022

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nr 3

125--136

EN

In the era of dynamically developing unmanned systems and standoff ammunition, special attention should be concentrated on a new way to increase the viability of aviation differ from the concept of centralized single-capability air bases with advanced anti-aircraft systems. The concept of diversification of airports and landing sites, with the simultaneous location of multi-domain aviation task forces there, creates information saturation of the potential enemy and increases survivability of the force. Air bases become centers responsible for development of capabilities in order to establish properly prepared air forces task groups, capable to operate both closer to the FEBA (Forward Edge of Battle Area) and deeper into the own territory. This requires the creation of decentralized appropriate multi-domain logistics support systems. Provision based on autonomous logistic elements composed with resource packages located at appropriate operation level to firmly, flexibly and quickly secure aviation operations. The key is to depart from the philosophy of conducting operations, using specialized task groups of people and equipment, towards comprehensive multimodal and modular packages of combat and logistic capabilities.

19

Towards a better understanding of the reasons for the extensive use of private cars: a case study in Skikda, Algeria

Djekrif Fatma Zohra, Bouyaya Linda, Chaib Rachid

Transport Problems

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2022

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T. 17, z. 4

103--114

EN

With the continuous urban expansion of cities around the world, cities have become more crowded as the numbers of all kinds of vehicles have increased, especially due to the inclination of individuals to use personal cars. In this study, we want to identify the different reasons that motivate the populations of the state of Skikda, Algeria, to prefer using cars through a questionnaire. In order to be clearer, we processed and analyzed the survey data using the SPSS analytical program. This article aims to identify the main reasons that motivate individuals to prefer using a personal car when traveling and propose possible solutions, or even identify actions to be taken now and in the future in order to establish a more sustainable exclusive transport. By analyzing the results, it became clear to us that road users prefer cars only for psychological and technical reasons and do not consider the preservation of the environment or the security of people. Although they are aware of the problems arising from their extensive use, they continue to do so because they have no other alternative. Improvements in public transportation means would change the situation.

20

Protection of the Environment in Terms of Functioning of Urban Transport. Literature Review

Ejdys Stanisław, Lasota Andrzej

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2022

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Tom 24

481--492

EN

Environmental protection, as rational shaping of the environment, management of environmental resources following the principle of sustainable development, and counteracting pollution, is integrally related to the urban area. Therefore, most activities and initiatives are aimed at environmental protection in the cities, which are the living environment for half of the world’s population. Therefore, the necessary action is to reduce the impact of urban transport on the environment. In particular, increased road traffic in urban areas is a constant increase in pollutants introduced into the environment in the form of solid, liquid and gaseous substances, harmful to people, the environment and spatial structures. One such negative impact of transport is the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. In the process of limiting it, actions are taken to shape urban transport systems and the mobility of city residents. In order to identify individual processes that are components of these activities, literature research was carried out, the results of which are presented in the article.