Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The Content of Heavy Metals in the Soil and Litterfall an a Beech-Pine-Spruce Stand in Northern Poland

Jonczak J., Parzych A.

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2014

|

Vol. 40, no. 4

67--77

EN

The concentrations of Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn in the soil and litterfall, as well as influx of the elements to the soils with litterfall were studied in a mixed beech-pine-spruce stand in northern Poland during the years 2007–2009. Annual influx of litterfall to the soil amounted from 3.234 to 4.871 t/ha. Beech, pine and spruce litterfall contributed in total litterfall in 50.8−70.1%, 11.4−11.9% and 1.6−24.0% respectively. The following average annual concentrations of heavy metals in total litterfall during the 3-year study period were noticed: 2469.3–3469.2 mg Mn/kg, 153.6–160.8 mg/kg Zn, 8.0–14.3 mg Ni/kg and 5.0–6.8 mg Cu/kg. In general, the concentrations of Mn and Cu were higher in beech litterfall in comparison to pine and spruce. The contents of Zn and Ni in beech, pine and spruce litterfall were comparable. Annual influx of metals to the soil with litterfall was: 10341.6–14422.4 g/ha Mn, 460.3–748.1 g/ha Zn, 37.4–66.6 g/ha Ni and 20.2–31.8 g/ha Cu. The fluxes were higher for Mn, Zn and Ni, and comparable for Cu in relation to those observed in other beech, pine, spruce and mixed stands in northern Europe.

PL

W latach 2007–2009, w drzewostanie bukowo-sosnowo-świerkowym zlokalizowanym na obszarze Polski Północnej, prowadzono badania zawartości Cu, Mn, Ni i Zn w glebie i opadzie roślinnym oraz dopływu tych składników do gleby z opadem. Roczna produkcja opadu roślinnego w okresie badań wynosiła od 3.234 do 4.871 t/ha. W całkowitej jego masie udział opadu buka wynosił 50.8−70.1%, sosny 11.4−11.9%, a świerka 1.6−24.0%. Średnie ważone roczne stężenia badanych metali w opadzie roślinnym mieściły się w przedziale: 2469.3–3469.2 mg Mn/kg, 153.6–160.8 mg Zn/kg, 8.0–14.3 mg Ni/kg i 5.0–6.8 mg Cu/kg. Na ogół wyższe stężenia Mn i Cu obserwowano w opadzie buka w porównaniu z opadem sosny i świerka, a zawartość Zn i Ni była porównywalna. Roczny dopływ metali do gleby z opadem roślinnym wynosił: 10341.6–14422.4 g Mn/ha, 460.3–748.1 g Zn/ha, 37.4–66.6 g Ni/ha i 20.2–31.8 g Cu/ha. Na tle danych uzyskanych przez innych autorów w drzewostanach bukowych, sosnowych, świerkowych i mieszanych występujących w Europie Północnej, odnotowany w badanym drzewostanie dopływ Mn, Zn i Ni był większy, a Cu porównywalny.

2

Analiza zmian stanów wód gruntowych po wycięciu drzewostanu w siedlisku lasu mieszanego wilgotnego na przykładzie Leśnictwa Laski

Korytowski M.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2013

|

Tom 15, cz. 2

1274--1286

EN

The paper presents the results of researches carried on averages about precipitation sums, 2003/2004 (before cutting) and 2006/2007 (after cutting) hydrological years in catchment of pond No 5 located in Laski forestry. Discussing forestry is situated at Siemianice Experimental Forest Farm of Poznań University of Life Sciences located about 15 km south-east from Kępno. The forests of this forestry are within range of Nizina Południowo-Wielkopolska, on Wysoczyzna Wieruszowska, which is differential morainic plain, cut with the river Prosna headwaters. Area of the pond’s catchement is about 20 ha and it’s an afforested catchment, with predominance of fresh habitats, in smallest step in area adjacent to pond No 5 occurrence moist broadleaved forest and moist mixed broadleaved forest. Predominant species of tree stand in analyzing catchment there is pine about 100 years. In the soil cover the largest area is dear brown soil, and the most common type of soil is loamy sand. From february to october 2006 carried on analyzed catchment cutting forest stand, which included habitats moist broadleaved forest, moist mixed broadleaved forest and partially fresh broadleaved forest. To analysing choose wells No 1.1 and 1.2 which were situated at cutting area. The researches carried out confirmed, that ground-water levels shows some cycle and depend of meteorological conditions. Maximal levels occurred at the end of winter researches half-year. Whereas minimal ground-water levels, causes higher air temperature and influence with them transpiration forest stands, were in analyzing habitat at the end of summer half-year. The researches indicated also, that without meteorological conditions, large influence at form ground-water level (increase) in afforested catchments, particularly in moist habitats, have carried cuttings. Carried out researches indicated that execute cutting at area analysis habitat moist mixed broadleaved forest causes increase ground-water levels. Ground-water level at cutting area in 2006/2007 hydrological year was closer to land surface, average about 61 cm.

3

Seasonal changes of nitrogen and phosphorus content in soil organic horizons in chosen forest sites of the Słowiński National Park [commun.]

Trojanowski J., Parzych A.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

|

2007

|

Vol. 33, no. 3

97-106

EN

In this paper there has been presented a part of complex examinations results referring to seasonal changes of the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus in the upper organic levels of the two chosen forest ecosystems. The dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds were to a great extent affected by the humidity of genetic levels. Content changes of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in the examined organic levels show cyclic seasonal variability. Average contents of nitrogen compounds (T-N) in the examined organic levels remained respectively at the level ofl040.7 mg/100gd.m. (I) and 1074.8 mg/100gd.m. (II) in the course of four years. On research plots the content of phosphates was small and remained on average at the similar level. The ratio N: P assumed average values of 9.3 in the case of research plot 1 and 7.6 in the case of research plot II. In the organic levels of the examined soils there dominate quantitatively ammonia ions over nitrate ions, which is connected with the dominance of ammonization processes over nitrification processes. The biggest amounts of the examined biogenes appear in the organic levels in the periods of autumn and spring as it is connected with the processes of mineralization and poor intake of mineral compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus by plants. The minima of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds arc the result of their intensive intake by growing vegetation.

PL

Prezentowana praca obejmuje część wyników kompleksowych badań dotyczących sezonowych zmian koncentracji związków azotu i fosforu w powierzchniowej organicznej warstwie gleby w dwóch odmiennych ekosystemach leśnych. Dynamika związków azotu i fosforu była w znacznym stopniu kształtowana przez wilgotność poziomów genetycznych. Zmiany zawartości związków azotu i fosforu w badanych poziomach organicznych wykazują cykliczną zmienność sezonową. Średnia zawartość azotu ogólnego w badanych warstwach organicznych występowała na poziomic 1040,7 mg/100 g s.m. (I) i 1074,8 mg/100 g s.m. (II) w przeciągu czterech badanych lat. Na obydwu powierzchniach badawczych zawartość fosforu ogólnego była znacznie mniejsza. Stosunek N:P przyjmował przeciętną wartość 9,3 w przypadku powierzchni badawczej I i 7,6 w przypadku powierzchni badawczej II. W poziomach organicznych badanych gleb przeważają ilościowo jony amonowe nad azotanowymi, co wiąże się z przewagą procesów amonifikacji nad procesami nitryfikacji. Największe ilości badanych biogenów występuje w poziomach organicznych w okresach jesienno-wiosennym, gdyż wiąże się to z procesami mineralizacji i słabym pobieraniem mineralnych związków azotu i fosforu przez roślinność. Minima związków azotu i fosforu są wynikiem intensywnego pobierania ich przez wzrastającą szatę roślinną.

4

Soil-litter macrofauna in the mixed forest and midfield shelterbelts of different age (Turew area, West Poland)

Olechowicz E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2004

|

Vol. 52, nr 4

405-419

EN

The paper deals with the composition, density and biomass of soil-litter macrofauna in four midfield shelterbelts of different age and, comparatively, in the neighbouring mixed forest. The increase was observed along with the shelterbelt ageing of: 1) numbers of all macrofauna and particularly of some taxa (Symphyla, Chilopoda, coleopteran larvae and imagines and some dipteran larvae), 2) biomass of all macrofauna, of soil fauna (Group I) and of coleopteran larvae, 3) share of zoophages in all macrofauna and in dipteran larvae, 4) share of phytophages in coleopteran larvae communities, 5) average individual biomass, 6) taxonomic richness and the biodiversity (H'), 7) similarity of composition and domination structure of all macrofauna and of dipteran larvae to those in forest communities. The decrease of density of dipteran larvae, particularly of Chironomidae and Sciaridae and the share of saprophages in all macrofauna and in dipteran larvae was also observed. Successional stages of more numerous invertebrate taxa in newly established woodlots are described. Dipteran larvae were the pioneers in colonising newly established shelterbelts, particularly larvae from two families: Chironomidae and Sciaridae. Their combined contribution to the total density of dipteran larvae was 92%.