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Recognition of the vibriosis risk in Polish coastal waters of the Baltic Sea and public engagement in its mitigation

Rakowski Marcin, Mytlewski Adam, Piwowarczyk Joanna

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 59

291--297

EN

The surface water temperature in the Baltic Sea has been growing as a consequence of broader changes of the Earth’s climate, which contributes to the proliferation of natural bacterioplankton and new types of bacteria, such as Vibrio vulnificus, in the region. This pathogenic bacterium finds optimal conditions for growth primarily in warm brackish waters. Places particularly vulnerable to these bacteria include shallow Baltic coastal waters where the proliferation of Vibrio strains increases in summer. The growing temperature of coastal waters boost this phenomenon, posing a serious threat to human health and the coastal Baltic tourism. The BaltVib project implemented by marine microbiologists investigates the impact of the so-called “system engineers”, e.g. mussels, macroalgae, and seagrass, on the diversity and abundance of vibriosis. The research should help to develop strategies to mitigate the problem of excessive populations of vibriosis through nature-based solutions. In addition to environmental and health issues, public awareness of the phenomena and future threats are equally important and these are also addressed in the project. The article presents results of a survey conducted on the Polish coast involving 140 respondents interviewed concerning their awareness of the increasing population of pathogenic vibriosis. The survey helped to diagnose how local residents perceive the threat to human health posed by Vibrio vulnificus now and in the future, as well as possible impacts these bacteria might have on economic use of the coastal waters. The survey also investigated the level of acceptance for various methods used to mitigate negative environmental changes.

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Evaluation of the environmental impacts and mitigation measures in hydropower production sector

Kryžanowski Andrej, Humar Nina

Gospodarka Wodna

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2021

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Nr 9

23--28

EN

Almost all the European Union countries apply the full cost recovery principle in the decision-making process of planning and defining the most adequate technologies of energy production. This principle states that the price of the final product is calculated by taking into account two components: power production costs and external costs, resulting from parallel activities related to construction of the hydrotechnical structures in the social and natural environments. The external costs can be negative, expressed as damage to the environment, but in most cases, when the adequate planning process is implemented, the external costs are positive and improve the social and natural environment, by introducing added value to both. The main issue of this paper is presentation of the elaborated methodology of the cost-benefit evaluation of the application of environmental impact mitigation measures with regard to total investment costs of the installations in the hydropower production sector while planning and designing hydropower plant installations. The appropriately planned, managed and operated hydropower plants and the accompanying hydrotechnical structures can meet the EU definition of green/blue infrastructure, as such facilities are based on the sustainable development principle, being the main goal of the Europe 2020 strategy.

PL

W prawie wszystkich krajach Unii Europejskiej, w procesie podejmowania decyzji dotyczących planowania i określania najbardziej odpowiednich technologii produkcji energii, stosowana jest zasada pełnego zwrotu kosztów. Zasada ta określa, że cena produktu końcowego jest obliczana z uwzględnieniem dwóch składników: kosztów produkcji energii oraz kosztów zewnętrznych, które są spowodowane równoległymi działaniami związanymi z budową obiektów hydrotechnicznych w środowisku społecznym i przyrodniczym. Koszty zewnętrzne mogą być negatywne, wyrażone jako wyrządzające szkody w środowisku, ale w większości przypadków, przy odpowiednio wdrożonym procesie planowania budowy, koszty zewnętrzne są pozytywne i poprawiają środowisko społeczne i przyrodnicze, wprowadzając do nich wartość dodaną. Głównym zagadnieniem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie opracowanej metodyki oceny kosztów i korzyści stosowania środków ograniczających negatywne oddziaływanie na środowisko, w odniesieniu do całkowitych kosztów inwestycyjnych w sektorze produkcji energii wodnej przy planowaniu i projektowaniu elektrowni wodnych. Przy odpowiednim planowaniu, zarządzaniu i eksploatacji elektrowni wodnych i towarzyszących im obiektów hydrotechnicznych, może być spełniona unijna definicja zielonej/niebieskiej infrastruktury, ponieważ obiekty te opierają się na zasadzie zrównoważonego rozwoju, co jest kluczowym celem strategii Europa 2020.

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Nowe drogi w krajobrazie podmiejskim - różne aspekty przestrzeni

Sas-Bojarska A.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2003

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nr 1-2

58-73

EN

The paper presents different examples of existing and planned system of Gdańsk Agglomeration's bypasses, localised mostly in suburban landscapes. It shows not only the potential threats for the suburban landscapes caused by construction and operation of new roads, but also the chances of improvements in the landscapes of chosen places and areas. Detailed description of environmental, visual and cultural impacts is presented for every chosen example. One of tools, which regulates problems with the landscape quality management, is Environmental Impact Assessment procedure (EIA). It is obligatory by law for all planned activities that might seriously affect the environment. That also includes major roads changing the quality of suburban landscape. Systematic and interdisciplinary approach realised by EIA ensures the proper assessment of landscapes' values and threats, to see technical, environmental, cultural, visual, social and economic problems not in isolation, but in their mutual relations. It helps to make a decision on most desired shape of a future development, including new road systems. It is especially important in the areas, where many different circumstances have to be taken into account, and the problem is to consider in a complex manner advantages and threats, and to compare strong and weak aspects of space, to ensure the best choice. ElAs may be helpful in avoiding and minimising negative impacts, but also in promotion, exposure, and better access to natural and cultural heritage of objects and areas, as well as in better management of their surroundings. Under some conditions, the road construction in suburban areas may open up new opportunities for the sustainable city development. This thesis has been illustrated by proposal of mitigation measures given for chosen cases.