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EN
The article presents the analysis of the use of military vehicles in Polish military contingents fulfilling their mandated tasks in the Middle East and former Yugoslavia. It encompasses the nature of operations conducted in these places and the resulting role of the vehicles used there. It also describes the history of their making and development, basic technical data and opinions about their use during the said tasks. The analysis comprised the following vehicles: Finnish Sisu XA-180, which is the prototype of KTO Rosomak and RG-31 Nyala vehicles originating from the Republic of South Africa and used by Polish military forces in the UNDOF mission. The group of machines which were part of the equipment used by contingents in missions in former Yugoslavia is represented by: Honker Tarpan off-road vehicle, AMZ Dzik-2 armoured vehicle, BRDM-2 reconnaissance patrol vehicle and BWP-1 infantry fighting vehicle.
PL
W artykule dokonano analizy użycia wozów bojowych w polskich kontyngentach wojskowych, realizujących swoje zadania mandatowe na Bliskim Wschodzie oraz na obszarze byłej Jugosławii. Przedstawiono charakter prowadzonych działań oraz wynikającą z niego rolę owych pojazdów. Opisano historię powstania i rozwoju wybranych wozów bojowych, scharakteryzowano podstawowe dane techniczne i przedstawiono opinie o ich użytkowaniu w czasie wykonywania wspomnianych zadań. Analizie poddano następujące pojazdy: fińskie Sisu XA-180, będące protoplastą KTO Rosomak oraz pochodzące z Republiki Południowej Afryki pojazdy RG-31 Nyala, które były używane przez Polaków w misji UNDOF. Grupę maszyn, będących na wyposażeniu kontyngentów pełniących służbę w misjach na terenie byłej Jugosławii, reprezentują: samochód terenowy Honker Tarpan, samochód opancerzony AMZ Dzik-2, pojazd rozpoznawczo-patrolowy BRDM-2 oraz bojowy wóz piechoty BWP-1.
PL
Ogromne zmiany i ciągły rozwój zastosowań technologii i komunikacji zmieniły sposób, w jaki postrzegany jest świat. Rewolucja informacyjna miała wpływ na gromadzenie danych wywiadowczych, ich przetwarzanie, analizę i rozpowszechnianie, a także na to, w jaki sposób decydenci mogą uzyskać dostęp do rzetelnych informacji w odpowiednim czasie, a także do źródeł, na których najprawdopodobniej będą polegać, gdy konkretna informacja jest potrzebna do podjęcia decyzji. Niniejszy artykuł próbuje opisać, przeanalizować i wyjaśnić naturę trwającej rewolucji informacyjnej, przedstawić jej główny wpływ na wywiad i politykę bezpieczeństwa oraz omówić znaczenia analizy wywiadowczej w kontekście realizowania działań podczas misji pokojowych.
EN
The enormous changes and constant developments in the applications of technology and communication have changed the way the world is perceived. The information revolution has impacted on intelligence gathering, processing, analysis and dissemination, as well as on how decision-makers can access reliable information in a timely manner, and on the sources they are likely to rely on when concrete information is needed to make decisions. This article attempts to describe, analyse and explain the nature of the ongoing information revolution, its main impact on intelligence and security policy, and the importance of intelligence analysis in the context of peacekeeping operations.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono zagrożeniami ze strony czynników środowiska zewnętrznego, które mogą stać się przyczyną chorób przewodu pokarmowego, zarówno górnego, jak i dolnego odcinka u turystów, osób wyjeżdżających służbowo, jak żołnierzy, którzy biorą udział w Misjach Pokojowych w tropiku. Uwzględniono także te jednostki chorobowe, które z uwagi na rozpowszechnienie występują również we własnym kraju, np. infekcje Helicobacter pylori,wirusowe zapalenia wątroby, a także te, które z powodu warunków sanitarno – higienicznych, klimatycznych mogą wywoływać objawy choroby górnego i dolnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego. Kontakt z chorobami typowymi dla klimatu tropikalnego, szczególnie przy dłuższym pobycie zwiększa szanse- przywlekania niektórych chorób tropikalnych do Polski co może stanowić duży problem dla służby zdrowia.
EN
Research shows a potential threat from external environmental factors which might be the cause of upper and lower gastrointestinal diseases in tourists, or soldiers engaged in tropical peacekeeping missions. The research includes infections which due to their spread are also present in their home countries such as Helicobacter pylori infections, viral hepatitis as well as infections which might cause symptoms of upper and lower gastrointestinal tract diseases as a result of poor sanitary and unhygienic conditions. Contact with diseases typical of the tropical climate, especially during longer stays, increases the chances of bringing some tropical diseases back to Poland, which can be problematic for the domestic health care service.
PL
Autor omawia ogólne zasady i praktyczne problemy systemowego zabezpieczenia potrzeb logistycznych misji pokojowych ONZ. Kolejno analizuje: podstawy formalnoprawne, organizację i strukturę, kluczowe obszary działania oraz krytyczne warunki funkcjonowania prakseologicznego systemu zabezpieczenia logistycznego misji pokojowych. Dziedzinowe obszary zabezpieczenia logistycznego charakteryzuje pod kątem osiągania celów politycznych, operacyjnych, społecznych i humanitarnych planowanej misji pokojowej. Zwraca uwagę zwłaszcza na unikatowość i niepowtarzalność każdej misji pokojowej ONZ, dla której należy od podstaw zaprojektować odpowiedni system logistyczny, a także na groźny dualizm cywilno-wojskowy kierowania logistyką na szczeblu strategicznym misji i równie szkodliwy dysonans między profesjonalną logistyką wojskową a dominującą komercyjną logistyką cywilną.
EN
The author discusses general principles and practical problems of the system of securing the logistic needs of UN peace missions. He analyzes the following areas: formal and legal basis, organization and structure, key areas of activity and critical conditions that determine the functioning of the praxeological system of peace missions' logistic support. The areas of logistic support are characterized in terins of achieving political, operational, social and humanitarian goals of the planned peace mission. The author draws attention to the unique and exceptional character of every UN peace mission, for the needs of which as adequate logistic system should be designed from scratch, as well as the dangerous civil ban-military dualism in managing logistics on the strategic level of missions, and the equally harmful disharmony between professional military logistics and dominant commercial civilian logistics.
5
Content available remote Podstawy prawne udziału Sił Zbrojnych RP w operacjach pokojowych
EN
The article features legal bases of Polish Armed Forces’ participation in peace missions organized by international organizations such as the UN, OSCE, NATO and EU. The Polish Republic’s competences and executive processes are mentioned and also soldiers’ rights, as well as Polish Military Contingent’s financing outside the country are described.
6
Content available remote Żandarmeria Wojskowa w misjach pokojowych i stabilizacyjnych
EN
In this article the Author tries to show how the Military Police works in the stabilization and peacekeeping missions. Also the aspects of ensuring security and public order in these operations are presented. The basic facts related to the participation of the MP in some operations in order to keep peace are shown. The Author explains also the evolution of the MP component from a small element of the Polish Military Contingent within the national and multinational structures to a separate Polish Military Contingent of the Military Police in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Moreover, the influence of the stabilization and peacekeeping operations on the MP role in the peacekeeping military units is analyzed and the main tasks of ensuring security and public order are presented.
EN
The Polish soldiers' current mission in Afghanistan was preceded by a cycle of organisational, training and logistic preparations aimed at creating possibly optimal conditions to perform tasks by the Polish soldiers in Afghanistan. The approximate date of starting the mission had been known to everyone for months. However, the real preparation started at the end of 2006 and concerned mainly organisational and training activities, and they speeded up at the beginning of January 2007 after the reconnaissance group returned from Afghanistan (the author was the member of this group). Conclusions drawn then allowed precisely defining the size and kind of logistic needs as well as the time and place of their collection. These conclusions and arrangements also lead to outlining the main problems facing the logistics that were to be defined, described and finally solved. Basing on his own experience and as an immediate organiser and executor of several activities concerning the Polish soldiers ’ service support of the Polish Military Contingent (PMC) in Afghanistan, the author discusses the main problems, the prompt and appropriate solution of which caused that the state of the PMC Afghanistan service support ensures convenient conditions to perform combat and stabilisation tasks. This inspiration resulted in discussion on the subject matter which, in consequence, will lead to develop principles allowing efficiently and effectively meeting the logistic needs of troops operating outside the country.
EN
The problem of logistic service support of Polish Armed Forces' military units outside the territory of Poland gains more and more importance. The issues concerning this problem are the key requirements formed in operational and strategic capabilities for military units performing these tasks in expeditionary operations. A particular attention is drawn to strategic, tactical and operational capability of deployment (shift), air refuelling, conducting operations during a certain time alone and further effective supply of forces in the area of operation. It must be stated that these tasks have permanently entered the range of operations, for the accomplishment of which the Polish Armed Forces must be ready and this fact justifies the necessity and need to undertake this subject. Moreover, the current analysis of events on the international arena and its influence on Poland’s security as well as the alliance commitments allow supposing that tasks connected with Polish Military Contingent’s logistic service support will be one of the dominant ones for the Polish Armed Forces in the nearest future.
EN
This article presents problems of the material support for military contingents performing tasks outside the borders of the country within the framework of the stabilization- mission. The first part of this article concentrates on seeking more perfect solutions in the range of the organization of the material support for military contingents realizing their tasks within the framework of the stabilization mission outside the borders of the country. In the second part, the author described the improvement of structures of organizational bodies and logistic units realizing the material support outside the borders of the country. In the last part, there has been proposed the idea of the rotation of military contingents basing on experiences and conclusions resulting from hitherto existing Polish Military Contingent in Iraq. Summing up, one ought to ascertain, that the introduction of changes in the structure of the Polish Military Contingent, to its equipment and the way to perform tasks is a continuous process based on experiences and conclusions drawn from the hitherto existing activity of the contingent. Firstly, one should aim to carry out tasks of the materials support basing on the development „of the multinational logistics" in order to decrease the costs of the troops logistic support. Secondly, flexible logistic structures should be formed so as to adapt to changing conditions within the framework of the mission. Besides, in order to assure the proper (on the high level) information flow in the range of possessed stores of combat and material resources and their correct use, one should aim at computerization of the materials handling.
EN
The article presents how important the Roles of Engagement (ROE) are in all types of military activities. It is very difficult to prepare proper ROE but these rules are essential as they ensure soldiers’ safety and protect against escalation of crises.
11
PL
Autor prezentuje w artykule wypracowany przez Bundeswehrę system przygotowania sił do udziału w każdej misji.
12
Content available remote Mechanizmy rozwiązywania konfliktów i misje pokojowe KBWE/OBWE
EN
The article presents one of the most important CSCE/OSCE functions undertaken in the last 15 years in the area of developing and implementing crisis prevention and conflict resolution instruments. Military security mechanisms have been concisely defined, i.e. the La Veletta mechanism (for peaceful conflict resolution), the Vienna mechanism (for responding to crisis situation) and the Berlin mechanism (for consultations and cooperation in emergency situations). The mechanisms for the OSCE “human dimension" - the Vienna mechanism for “human dimension”, the Moscow mechanism and the CSCE “human dimension" in the 1992 Helsinki Document have been discussed. The problems of OSCE missions called to resolve particular conflicts e.g. in Moldova, Georgia, Macedonia and Kosovo have been widely described. The philosophy of the OSCE missions functioning, their organisational and essential bases as well as their role in the conflict areas have been presented. Basing on the Charter on European Security, the principal mandatory tasks of OSCE missions in conflict areas have been listed.
13
Content available remote Udział wojska polskiego w operacjach pokojowych na obszarze byłej Jugosławii
PL
Artykuł przedstawia działania Polskiego Kontyngentu Wojskowego na obszarze byłej Jugosławii od roku 1992 do 2000. Analizie zostały poddane zarówno zasady prowadzenia misji pokojowej według Koncepcji Strategicznej NATO jak i wynikające z niej operacyjne zadania stawiane przed siłami pokojowymi. Przedstawiono także strukturę polskich oddziałów SFOR oraz IFOR oraz scharakteryzowano podstawowe formy podejmowane przez nie działań bojowych.
EN
The paper presents the activities of the Polish Military Contingent in the area of former Yugoslavia from 1992 to 2000. It analysis both the principles of conducting peace operations according to NATO Strategic Concept as well as operational tasks set to peacekeeping forces resulting from the Concept. It also shows the structure of the Polish units assigned to SFOR and IFOR and characterizes the basic forms of combat conducted by them
14
Content available remote Wybrane elementy współpracy cywilno-wojskowej w operacjach pokojowych
EN
The article discusses one of the key notions developed in the recent years which are the areas of civilian-military co-operation in peace and humanitarian missions. On the example of a few operations led in different places in the world (Somalia, Haiti, Georgia, Bosnia-Hertzegovina, Kosovo) and therefore in different conditions and time, the complexity of this kind co-operation is shown. Basing on the collected materials, the authors, peace missions participants, describe basic problems of civilian-military co-operation. They show conditions that faciliate solving certain complex situations in conflict zones and they describe areas of expected, positive actions from the side of conflict victims (refugees). Also current attitudes towards the contents and of civilian-military co-operation in a UN peace mission have been presented. At the same time there are shown some directions of undertaken activities to prepare sub-units commanders and mission participants (soldiers) to conduct CIMIC programmes directly in the conflict areas.
15
Content available remote Logistyka lotnictwa sił reagowania w misjach pokojowych poza granicami kraju
PL
Celem pracy było opracowanie koncepcji systemu logistycznego lotnictwa działającego w siłach reagowania poza obszarem kraju. Przedstawiono przeznaczenie, zadania i rodzaje działań sił reagowania. Omówiono rolę elementów lotniczych wchodzących w skład tych sił. Przedstawiono koncepcję systemu logistycznego otnictwa sił reagowania do działań w misjach pokojowych.
EN
Application, tasks and types of operations of reaction forces have been presented. The role of air forces elements in reaction forces operating abroad has been discussed. A concept of logistics system of aviation of reaction forces operating in peace-keeping missions has been introduced.
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