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Productivity Model of Herbal Bioenergy Cultures Depending on Biometric Indicators of Overhead Mass

Lopushniak Vasyl, Тоnkha Оxana, Hrytsuliak Halyna, Lopushniak Halyna, Polutrenko Miroslava, Poberezhna Lyuba, Gamayunova Valentina, Pikovska Olena, Jakubowski Tomasz, Kotsyubynska Yulia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 2

162--172

EN

The research was carried out on the territory of c. Tsenzhiv of Yamnytsya territorial community of Ivano-Frankivsk region on sod-podzolic degraded soils according to the generally accepted research methods. The productivity of miscanthus and switchgrass depends on the biometric indicators of plants, namely the height of plants and the number of stems. Correct models of miscanthus and switchgrass productivity are calculated depending on the dose of sewage sludge. For miscanthus, the correlation coefficient r = 0.952 and for switchgrass r = 0.951, which indicates a high linear relationship between plant height, number of stems and productivity. The dry matter yield in grass energy crops varies according to fertilizer application. The productivity of the agrophytocenosis of miscanthus is much higher than that of switchgrass. With the addition of sewage sludge at a dose of 40 t/ha, the dry matter yield under the same growing conditions in the agrophytocenosis of miscanthus is 12.2 t/ha, or 3.3 t/ha higher than the productivity of agrophytocenosis switchgrass. The use of composts based on SS + straw (3: 1)) – 30 t/ha + N30K55, has a significant impact on yield, providing the highest productivity of miscanthus – 13.0 t/ha, and switchgrass – 9.6 t/ha. In order to obtain stable biomass productivity of grass energy crops (miscanthus and switchgrass), it is advisable to use compost of sewage sludge and straw in a ratio of 3: 1 at a dose of 30 t/ha. Thus, two important problems are partially solved, namely increasing the productivity of energy crops and utilizing municipal waste (sewage sludge).

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Recykling enzymów w procesie hydrolizy biomasy miskanta olbrzymiego lub cukrowego

Walter Marcin, Adamczak Marek, Brzozowski Bartosz

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2021

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T. 100, nr 6

576--580

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań doświadczalnych hydrolizy biomasy miskanta olbrzymiego i cukrowego, po hydrotermicznej obróbce alkalicznej, z użyciem preparatu celulaz (Accellerase 1500) i mieszaniny enzymów wspomagających. Ponad 50% aktywnych celulaz było związanych z frakcją stałą po hydrolizie lignocelulozy. Wykazano możliwość 2-3-krotnego wykorzystania enzymów związanych z biomasą miskanta olbrzymiego i cukrowego do hydrolizy lignocelulozy.

EN

The miscanthus giant and miscanthus sugar biomass were ground with a cutting mill and subjected to thermal pre- treatment in an alk. medium, followed by hydrothermal treatment with a comm. cellulase prepn. and a mixt. of auxiliary enzymes. The solid fraction after the enzymatic reaction was used for enzymatic hydrolysis of fresh biomass batch. This process was carried out 3 times. The glucose productivity was 3.0-4.2, 1.7-2.5, and 1.3-1.9 mg/mg enzyme protein for the first, second and third reactions, resp. The concn. of reducing sugars after the third enzymatic hydrolysis was about half lower than after the first hydrolysis.

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The Models of the Heavy Metal Accumulation of the Multiple Grain Energy Cultures for Wasterwater Deposition on Oil-Polluted Degraded Soils

Lopushniak Vasyl I., Hrytsuliak Halyna M.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 4

1--13

EN

The research was conducted on the territory of Nadvirna oil and gas district of South-Hvizdetsky oil field of Ivano-Frankivsk region during 2016-2020. The production activity at the research site was stopped 45 years ago. Energy crops the Miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) were planted and sown on model research plots with an estimated area of 25 m2 in triplicate. The miscanthus was planted manually according to the scheme 0.50 × 0.70 m. According to studies on the oil-contaminated soils, with the introduction of different sedimentation rates wastewater, the content of the Lead when growing the miscanthus increases with the introduction of SS 40 t/ha and N10P14K58 (option 6) and is 4.30 mg/kg of soil. However, when growing the switchgrass with the same fertilizer application, the Lead content is 3.97 mg/kg of soil, which is 0.33 mg/kg of soil less than growing the miscanthus. The concentration coefficients of the gross forms of the Lead vary in the range of 1.01–1.09 during the cultivation of the miscanthus. The concentration coefficient of the gross forms of the Cadmium varies in the range of 1.09–1.56, the maximum remains in the options for the introduction of the sewage sludge at a rate of 40 t/ha and N10P14K58. The concentration coefficients of the gross forms of the Lead for growing the switchgrass 20–40 t/ha (option 4–6) are equal to 1.02–1.15. The concentration coefficient of the gross forms of the Cadmium varies between 1.18 and 1.49.

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Potential of Production of Energy Crops in Ukraine and their Processing on Solid Biofuels

Kaletnik Grigoriy, Pryshliak Natalia, Tokarchuk Dina

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 3

59--70

EN

Renewable energy sources in Ukraine account for only 4% of the total energy consumption today. At the same time, Ukraine has favorable climatic conditions and fertile soils, as well as areas of agricultural land, which make it possible to meet the demand for food products both for domestic consumption and for export. The tendencies towards the depletion of traditional fuels and their rise in price determine the diversification of the fuel and energy sector and the search for reserves for the production of their own environmentally friendly energy. The paper describes the characteristics of energy crops for biofuel production. The advantages of growing bioenergy crops were presented. The characteristics of energy crops in relation to growing conditions were determined. Ukraine has a great potential for growing the most popular energy crops: miscanthus, switchgrass, energy willow, poplar without endangering food security but this potential has not been realized yet.

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Forecasting the Productivity of the Agrophytocenoses of the Miscanthus Giganteus for the Fertilization Based on the Wastewater Sedimentation Using Artificial Neural Networks

Lopushniak Vasyl I., Hrytsuliak Halyna M., Kotsiubynsky Andry O., Lopushniak Halyna S.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 3

11--19

EN

The observations of plant development were carried out for three years. The most desirable period for harvesting the miscanthus is December. During this period, the humidity of the stems decreases to 17%. For this reason, the samples for laboratory tests were taken in December. According to the obtained research data, the sewage sludge used is characterized by the following indicators: humidity – 76%, ash content – 5%, nitrogen – 0.66%, P2 O5 – 2.51%, K2O v 2.16%. In this study, a mathematical model which allowed predicting the yield of the miscanthus at given levels, with the introduction of the mineral and organic (sewage sludge) fertilizers was successfully implemented. According to the performed research, the application of a sewage sludge in norm of 20–40 t/ha promotes the productivity of the power cultures (the miscanthus) within 24.5–27.1 t/ha, thus increasing productivity on 2.3–5.1 t/ha, compared with control.

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Wydajność fizyczno-chemicznej obróbki biomasy sorgo i miskanta w produkcji bioetanolu II generacji

Batog J., Wawro A., Pieprzyk-Kokocha D.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2016

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T. 95, nr 9

1679--1682

PL

Przeprowadzono badania nad wpływem fizyczno-chemicznej obróbki surowców lignocelulozowych (sorgo, miskant) na proces produkcji bioetanolu. Surowce poddano rozdrobnieniu, a następnie obróbce polegającej na nasyceniu rozcieńczonymi kwasami i działaniu pary pod ciśnieniem w autoklawie. Określono wpływ kwasu siarkowego i mlekowego (stężenie, czas inkubacji) oraz procesu autoklawowania (temperatura, czas) na zawartość uwolnionych cukrów redukujących. Zarówno rozdrabnianie, jak i chemiczna obróbka wpływały na wydajność produkcji etanolu z surowców lignocelulozowych.

EN

Sorghum and miscanthus biomass was disintegrated and then subjected to chem. pretreatment (satn. with dil. H2SO4 and lactic acids, pressure steam explosion). The optimum value of grain size was below 1.8 mm, H2SO4 concn. 2%, acidic treatment time 10 min, steam treatment temp. 134°C and time 60 min.