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Koleje normalnotorowe jako składnik transportu międzyzakładowego w polskim górnictwie

Ciechański A.

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

2018

R. 25, nr 1-2

41--48

Normalnotorowe sieci kolei w różnych gałęziach górnictwa w Polsce są interesującym, zróżnicowanym i istotnym zjawiskiem, bardzo często pełniącym w systemie transportowym tradycyjnych okręgów przemysłowych niezwykle ważną rolę. W wielu z nich stanowiły główne ogniwo łączące między sobą zakłady wydobywcze i przetwórcze oraz sieci kolei użytku publicznego. Niestety wciąż brakuje holistycznych opracowań zarówno naukowych, jak również popularno-naukowych im poświęconych. Pierwsze udokumentowane uruchomienie linii tego typu kolei na ziemiach polskich przypada na koniec XIX w. Nastąpiło ono na terenie obecnego Rybnickiego Okręgu Węglowego i dotyczyło kolei górnictwa węgla kamiennego. Kolejnym chronologicznie rodzajem kolei górniczych, które powstały na terytorium dzisiejszej Polski, były koleje piaskowe powstałe w pierwszej dekadzie XX w. w rejonie Pyskowic. Pozostałe omówione w opracowaniu rodzaje kolei górniczych mają swoją genezę dopiero w silnym uprzemysławianiu się PRL w latach 50. i 60. Poza górnictwem rud żelaza oraz siarkowym, większość z rodzajów analizowanych tu sieci kolejowych znajduje się nadal w eksploatacji, przy czym należy pamiętać, że w przypadku górnictwa piasku podsadzkowego już w dość ograniczonej formie. W artykule syntetycznie przedstawia się rozwój i regres normalnotorowych sieci kolei górnictwa i podejmuje się próbę wskazania genezy tych procesów.

This paper presents in a synthetic way the development and contraction of standard-gauge mining rail networks in Poland and defines the opportunities and threats facing them. It describes rail networks of sand, coal and lignite mining, as well as mining of iron and copper ores, as well as sulfur. The development of sand railways was initiated at the turn of the 1900s and 1910s in the Pyskowice area. However, it took power only in the early 1950s and 1960s. Their network was finally formed in the 1980s. Most of the railway lines were electrified. After 1989, the single network was split between four new owners. At the end of the 1990s, its deep contraction began with the abandonment of electrification and disassembly of the main lines. One of the reason of this situation was ceasing of coal mining in many mines in the region. It can be expected that ultimately survival opportunities are provided only for lines serving the power stations with no alternative ways of supply. The remaining rail lines, due to lack of alternative uses, will probably be closeddown in the next few to several years. There are two networks of coal mining railways. The first, practically unelectrified, has been operating since 1882 in Rybnik Coal Region. More serious changes in its topology occurred only in the year 2000, as a result of the closure of some mines. The second network existed since mid-1950s near Tychy and Oświęcim (until the mid-2000s largely electrified). It can be expected that in the next 20-30 years, these rail network will be dismantled, unless there are no other uses for them (eg. regional passenger rail transport). This process, due to the age of the mines, will be delayed in comparison to the sand rail, but with the completion of the coal extraction, most of them, especially near Tychy, Bieruń and Oświęcim, are expected to be dismantled. The situation in the area of Jastrzębie-Zdrój, which is practically separated from national rail network, is different. Constant attempts are made to conduct public passenger transport. Lignite mining rail networks began to emerge only in the 1960s. The authors proposal made a few years ago, that due to the specifics of lignite, the future of this type of networks seems unlikely to be threatened, has been misleading. Due to the planned abandonment of lignite extraction in the Turek region, this rail network can be completely dismantled in the near future. The network of the iron ore mining, which was built in the 1960s and closed down in the next decade, has to be considered only in historical terms. Similarly, with less than three decades in operation, sulfur mining rail network in Tarnobrzeg area were originated in the early 1970s, and definitively closed down until the late 1990s. The railways serving the copper mining in the Lubin area started in early 1960’s and there are no obstacles for their further existence.

Intelligent wheel with a puga® polyurethane tread for heavily loaded suspension mining railways

Matyga J., Kajzer S.

Selected Engineering Problems

2012

nr 3

139--146

The increasing performance requirements of machinery and equipment (more robust, more resilient, overall better) as well as the market competition (less expensive) force most manufacturers to use high quality materials (materials science) and modern control systems (intelligent systems). They are the foundation of every emerging detail design, component parts as well as whole machines. Competitive products can be created only if the strict requirements for modern constructions work together with the most state-of-the-art measuring technology and its integrated control system. This is how they provide energy efficiency - the force behind technological development and innovation. The basis for almost all of designs is the intelligent wheel capable of responding to the changes of internal and external environment, and thus maximizing functionality and safety while lowering operating costs.