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Thermodynamic optimization of cryogenic systems

Chorowski M.

Archives of Thermodynamics

2006

Vol. 27, no. 4

57-66

Superfluid He II cooling for high field superconducting magnets has been developed using the opportunity of large scale project in fusion power generation and high energy physics laboratories. The magnets are cryostated at temperature as low as 1.8 K. The necessary energy input for 1 W of cooling power at 1.8 K is of the order of 1 kW and the use of superfluid helium at the temperature below 2.0 K requires efficient and low energy consuming cryostats. The cryostat design can be optimized on the basis of the Second Law of Thermodynamics with use of entropy generation minimization method, within the boundary and technical constraints of the device. The paper presents the discussion of theoretical background of entropy generation minimization method and gives the example from the cryostat design practice. The basic scheme of superfluid pressurized He II cryostat is given.The He II cryostat built in the Institute of Power Engineering and Fluid Mechanics is described together with the optimization procedure of the cryostat thermal insulation system based on the entropy minimization method.