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Pochodzenie i zagrożenia siarkowodorem i wysokociśnieniowym gazem ziemnym w złożu kopalń rud miedzi Polkowice-Sieroszowice i Rudna – wstępne badania izotopowe i mineralogiczne

Kotarba M. J., Bilkiewicz E., Manecki M., Pawlik W., Ciesielczyk A., Selerowicz T.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2017

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nr 469

9--33

PL

Wyniki badań składu cząsteczkowego i izotopowego (13C/12C w CH4, C2H6, C3H8, iC4H10, nC4H10 i CO2, 2H/1H w CH4 i 15N/14N w N2) dwóch próbek gazu ziemnego występującego w utworach wapienia cechsztyńskiego (Ca1) kopalni Rudna porównano z gazem ziemnym akumulowanym w utworach karbonu, czerwonego spągowca i wapienia cechsztyńskiego (Ca1) monokliny przedsudeckiej oraz gazu wytworzonego podczas pirolizy wodnej z kopalnej materii organicznej utworów dolomitu głównego (Ca2). Badany gaz ziemny charakteryzuje się normalnym składem izotopowym w układzie metan–etan–propan, co świadczy o tym, że powstał w jednej fazie generowania z tej samej skały macierzystej, zawierającej kerogen mieszanego typu II/III, prawdopodobnie w obrębie utworów karbońskich. Na podstawie badań mineralogicznych i izotopowych 13C/12C 12 próbek węglanowych i 34S/35S 14 próbek siarczanowych, pobranych w strefie głębokości eksploatacji rud miedzi od 900 do ok. 1200 m ZG Polkowice-Sieroszowice i Rudna w zakresie współczesnych temperatur od 35 do 45°C, wykazano, że w dwóch próbkach węglanów i w dwóch próbkach siarczanów pobranych z jednego rdzenia zachodzą procesy mikrobialnej redukcji anhydrytu dolnego (Ad1) cyklu PZ1 prowadzące do powstawania siarkowodoru.

EN

Composition of natural gas from the Zechstein Limestone (Ca1) strata of Rudna mine has been compared with the natural gas from Carboniferous, Rotliegend strata of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline and with gas generated from the organic matter of the Main Dolomite during hydrous pyrolysis experiments. The gas from Rudna mine is characterized by the normal methane–ethane–propane isotopic system which indicates formation in one stage from a single source rock probably of the Carboniferous age containing kerogen of mixed II/III type. Generation of the hydrogen sulphide resulted from the microbial sulphate reduction processes of the basal anhydrite has been proven by mineralogical and isotopic 13C/12C analyses of 12 carbonate and 34S/35S analyses of 14 sulphate samples. These samples were collected in the mine at the depth of about 900–1200 m at temperature range of 35–45°C and two samples of carbonates were taken from one core.

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Preliminary results of mineralogical investigations of Cambrian rocks from the Pieprzowe Mts. (Sandomierz Upland, Poland)

Naglik B., Heflik W., Natkaniec-Nowak L.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 1

112--113

EN

The mid-Cambrian rocks exposed in a topographic scarp adjacent to the Vistula River within the Pieprzowe Mts. (Sandomierz Upland, South East Poland) were the subject of preliminary petrological and mineralogical studies. The Pieprzowe Mts. are a unique geological feature because of their unusual pepper-like coloured weathering cover. The Pieprzowe Mts. are a stratotype area for the Pieprzowe Mts. Shale Formation (mid-Cambrian) defined by Orłowski (1975). This formation consists of the following sedimentary and meta-sedimentary rocks: clay shale, quartz-mica schist, quartzite and conglomerate. Despite over 150 years of research on this formation some geological and mineralogical problems are still awaiting explanation (for example the origin of phosphate nodules in conglomerate layers). The scarcity of fossils and complicated tectonic structure of the formation are the reasons why its sequence stratigraphy is especially difficult to detect. Trilobites characteristic for the mid-Cambrian were found only at one locality within the conglomerate layers, and this age was extrapolated to other units of the Pieprzowe Mts. Shale Formation. Michniak (1969) claims that the same age cannot be ascribed to the whole rock succession because of petrographic diversity of the constituting rock types. Kowalczewski (1995) suggests that the age of the formation should be extended from the Early Cambrian to Early Ordovician (Early Tremadocian). Majority of research devoted to the Pieprzowe Mts. strata focused on stratigraphy, sedimentology and tectonic analysis. Petrographic descriptions of those rocks were given by Samsonowicz (1916, vide Orłowski 1964) but mineralogical analyses were done rather sporadically (Kuhl 1931a, b, Michniak 1969). This paper is devoted to the preliminary mineralogical description of quartz-mica schists and quartzites. The analysis involved observations under transmitted light polarizing microscope. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy detector (EDS) was used. During preliminary studies of quartz-mica schists, it was found that quartz, which is a dominant component of this rock occur as both, terrigenous grains and authigenic filling of veins. Quartz is also present within the lithic grains of quartzites that are common in the quartz-mica schists. Kaolinite appears in two genetic forms: (1) as a product of mica transformations, and (2) as an authigenic mineral. Accessory mineral assemblage consists of zircon, framboidal pyrite and Ti-oxides. The Fe-oxides result from chemical weathering. In the mineral composition of quartzites angular, xenomorphic, nonundulatory quartz prevails, which is locally impregnated with phosphates. A single grain of apatite was encountered. Very fine veins composed of secondary carbonates occur within the rock. Accessory minerals are represented dominantly by piryte, which does not have the framboidal character typical for sedimentary rocks. In the light of the aforementioned preliminary results, it is inferred that these rocks were subjected to strong diagenesis and bear traces of hydrothermal processes. Presence of apatite in quartzites sheds a new light on the problem of the origin of phosphate nodules within the conglomerates. According to the present study, the authors suggests that the quartzites may be older than the quartz-mica schists, based on the presence of quartzite lithic grains within them. This paper informs about the research project aiming to characterize the weathering products occurring within the Pieprzowe Mts. It can be observed that a lot of secondary minerals is present here such as: kaolinite, alunite (Kuhl 1931a, b), Fe and Mn-oxides. It seems that weathering processes and theirs products are still not sufficiently explained. There is a hypothesis that jarosite could also form here. Further research will be carried out using various analytical techniques to improve our understanding of these processes.

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Szacowanie porowatości neutronowej tzw. suchych iłów, na podstawie analizy składu mineralnego frakcji ilastej

Kowalska S., Przelaskowska A.

Nafta-Gaz

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2009

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R. 65, nr 4

281--286

PL

Neutronowe sondy geofizyczne mierzą całkowitą zawartość wodoru w skałach. Wyznaczenie ilości wody występującej w przestrzeni porowej wymaga uwzględnienia poprawki na H, występujący w formie grup OH w strukturze krystalograficznej minerałów ilastych. Grupy OH stanowią tzw. wodę trwale związaną, której usunięcie łączy się z całkowitym zniszczeniem struktury krystalograficznej tych minerałów. Szacowanie ilości H związanego z suchymi iłami wykonano dla próbek o znanych właściwościach petrofizycznych pochodzących z dwóch różnych basenów sedymentacyjnych. Na podstawie kompilacji wyników szczegółowych badań mineralogicznych (ilościowej analizy rentgenowskiej składu mineralnego całej skały oraz frakcji ilastej) została oszacowana ilość wodoru związana z tzw. suchymi iłami, czyli tzw. indeks wodorowy „suchych” iłów.

EN

Neutron logs measure total content of hydrogen in rocks. To obtain the quantity of water present in the pore space demand the adjustment for the hydrogen in the OH groups present in the crystallographic net of clay minerals appearing in them. The estimation of quantity of H was done for samples coming from two different sedimentary basins, which petrophisical properties were known. Hydrogen index and neutron porosity of so called „ “dry clay” was estimated on the basis of the detail mineralogical investigations (XRD quantitative analysis of mineralogical composition of whole rock and clay fraction, EDS microprobe analysis of chemical composition).