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Ecotoxicological Assessment of Waste from Oil Production

Pysarenko Pavlo, Samojlik Maryna, Taranenko Anna, Lavrinenko Inna, Mostoviak Ivan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 6

111--117

EN

Utilization of mineralized fossil water (MFW), as a by-product of oil production is a special environmental problem in oil and gas areas. In Ukraine the annual production of mineralized fossil water together with oil is estimated at about 20 million tons. Taking into account that MFW is an aby-product of oil production, they are usually placed in waste disposal sites and can contaminate environment. It was determined that toxicological properties of mineralized fossil water have not been studied so far. There is the need for study of toxicological features of the MFW which will allow to determine its hazard class and to develop some measures for safe usage of this drug for making the agriculture more ecological. Thus, in the work we have made the assessment of ecotoxicological properties of MFW as an environmentally safe substitute for agrochemicals. It was established that MFW is referred to low-toxic compounds. LD50 for oral introduction of the compound in the bodies of white female rats is more than 21,000 mg/kg, female mice – 31,000 mg/kg, male mice – more than 20,000 mg/kg; when applied to the skin of rats – more than 8000 mg/kg. The value of LD50 when applied to the inhalation routes of entry for female rats is more than 5000 mg/kg. It was justified that by oral route of entry and skin penetration the MFWs belong to the IV class of danger, and by inhalation route of entry – to III class. It was also determined that MFW does not have an irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes. There is also no sensitizing effect on the body of guinea pigs. Studies have shown that the cumulative properties of MFW are weakly represented. The accumulation coefficient is greater than 5. At a dose of 4260 mg/kg MFW has cardiotoxic effect, it affects the process of erythropoiesis and increases filtration and excretory function of the kidneys. Ineffective dose for rats in a subchronic experiment is 2130 mg/kg. These results of ecotoxicological study of MFW make it possible to confirm that its usage is safe in the agricultural system, especially as environmentally friendly organo-mineral fertilizer, herbicide, and fungicide.

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Development of Scaling Reagent for Waters of Different Mineralization

Trus Inna, Gomelya Mukola, Levytska Olena, Pylypenko Tetiana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 4

81--87

EN

Membrane technologies are widely used for desalination of water. These technologies are environmentally friendly, economical, energy efficient and material efficient. In the absence of pre-treatment of water, the membrane is contaminated, which leads to an increase in the amount of concentrate formation. Discharge of mineralized water leads to physical and chemical pollution of water bodies. Dissolution and removal of these sediments is a complex issue, so the use of sediment inhibitors is important. The use of antiscalants allows to prolong the service life of membrane elements, which, in turn, will reduce the intake of fresh water and reduce the volume of wastewater. The efficiency of gipan as a reagent in the stabilization treatment of low-mineralized, highly mineralized waters at a temperature of 60°C was determined. The dependences of water stability on sediments on the chemical composition of water, inhibitor concentration and time of ultrasonic treatment of gipan were established.

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Application of the conductive method in the engineering geology: Ruczaj district in Kraków, Poland, as a case study

Klityński Wojciech, Oryński Szymon, Dinh Chau Nguyen

Acta Geophysica

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2019

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Vol. 67, no. 6

1791--1798

EN

The Ruczaj district in Kraków is the potential building area of high flat blocks for inhabitants. This area is built of the gypsum basement covered by the soil and impermeable clay beds with several meters of thickness. The flat blocks must be set on the textured gypsum layer. In the result of the rainfall and static pressure of the blocks, the water with SO42− increases up to the groundwater level, become the great threat for the flat blocks. The water creates specific hydrogeological conditions occurring in the zone of the building’s foundations. To eliminate the mentioned threat, we should determine precisely the thickness of the soil and impermeable clay as well as the depth of the gypsum basement. Based on the electromagnetic parameters of the geological formations, the Ground Conductivity Meter and DC resistivity methods were used to solve the mentioned problems.

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Rozpoznanie stref dopływu wody podziemnej do wykopu pod fundamenty nowego budynku ACK CYFRONET AGH w Krakowie z wykorzystaniem metody konduktometrycznej

Klityński W., Stefaniuk M., Cygal A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/1

814--819

EN

Electrical conductivity is used in the study of fresh-water and/or mineralized water outflow zones. Conductivity of water is relatively low. It strongly depends on its salinity and mineralization. Increased salinity and mineralization of water give rise to conductivity growth of hydrogeological medium. Finding water leak zones is an important problem during planning any building works. The influence of water on the building can be disadvantageous (elution, destruction of the foundations and sulfate aggressiveness). Because of high conductivity of water, watered zones can be recognized with the use of electromagnetic methods. The paper presents results of examination of mineralized water leak zones on the building site of the new CYFRONET building in the Ruczaj quarter, Cracow, Poland. The examinations were conducted with the use of ground conductivity meters. The main goal of the research was to find mineralized water leakage under the foundations of the new-built building.

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Ustalanie siarczanowej mineralizacji porowych wód gruntów spoistych I organicznych na drodze ekstrakcji I analizy termograwimetrycznej

Wyrwicki R.

Górnictwo Odkrywkowe

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2005

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Vol. 47, nr 6

33-38

PL

Artykuł przedstawia tok laboratoryjnych działań wraz z obliczeniami mineralizacji przez SO42- I SO42-+Ca2+ wody zawartej w gruntach spoistych I organicznych. Istotą metody jest rozcieńczenie związanej, zmineralizowanej wody tak, by stała się wodą wolną oraz zdekantowanie roztworu znad osiadłego materiału mineralnego, odparowanie wody i uzyskanie CaSO4*2H2O. warunkiem powodzenia jest korzystanie wyłącznie z próbek gruntu o naturalnej wilgotności. Ustalenie gipsu i jego ilości w powietrzno-suchej frakcji <2mikro metry, uzyskanej z odparowanego roztworu dokonuje się na drodze analizy termograwimetrycznej. Celem niniejsze pracy jest przedstawienie istoty proponowanej metody, warunków powodzenia analizy, toku postępowania i sposobu obliczania siarczanowej mineralizacji wody. Ilustracją skuteczności omawianej metody są rezultaty analizy zastoiskowego iłu, gliny deluwialnej przykrytej torfem, bezwapiennego mułku organicznego oraz wymienionych osadów.

EN

This study describes the laboratory activities procedure along with mineralization calculation through SO42- and SO42-+Ca2+water contained in coherent and organic grounds. The essence of this method is mineralized and bounded water dilatation so as it could became gravitational water and solution decantation from above the subside mineral material, water evaporation and CaSO4*2H2O obtaining. Only ground samples with natural humidity are conditions of success. The determination of gypsum and its quantity in air-dry fraction <2micro meter, received from evaporated solution is achieved through thermogravimetric analysis. The aim of this study is to present the essence of proposed method, conditions of analysis loading, proceeding course and the way of water sulfate mineralization calculation. Illustrations of this methods are results of analysis of marginal silt, slope clay cowered with peat, non-calcareous organic sludge and limestone deposits: lake chalk and gyttja analysis. The proposed method has been presented on over 150 samples of above special sludge.