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1

Assessment of groundwater mineralization in the arid steppe region of the Messaad plateau aquifer, Southern Algeria

Brahmi Serhane, Rahmani Badreddine, Nesrat Ali, Djamal Chehili, Brahmi Smail

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2024

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no. 1

101--116

EN

Water scarcity is severely high in the North Africa and the Middle East (MENA) regions. The deterioration of water quality has an impact on the human health as well as on the development of agricultural activities, especially in arid regions, where precipitations are less frequent. The aim of this work is to identify and evaluate the chemistry of the groundwater aquifer in the region of Messaad plateau. This region is located 370 km south of Algiers in southern Algeria. A dozen of samples were collected from wells and analyzed using physic-chemical technics, and the results were processed statistically. The distribution of the conductivity values and the various chemical parameters suggest that the groundwater in the Messad wadi area is overall highly mineralized, with the EC ranging from 550 μS . cm–1 to 8790.13 μS . cm–1, with a predominance of calcium sulphate facies and calcium chloride facies. The level of mineralization noted in the southern and southeastern portions of the research area sheds light on the source of natural contamination. The SO42–, Cl– , Ca2+ , Na+ ions are the most important factors influencing the electrical conductivity of water and the groundwater chemistry. These ions are the result of the continuous dissolution of gypsum and halite in the clays and marls of the Barremian formations.

2

Multi-stage fault formation and REE distribution in the surrounding Devonian dolomites in the south-eastern part of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)

Nieć Marek, Pawlikowski Maciej, Sermet Edyta

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2024

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Vol. 50, no. 1

77--92

EN

Metallogenic studies carried out in the Holy Cross Mountains indicate a relationship between mineralization and fault tectonics in Devonian formations. The impact of fault formation on the geochemistry of host rocks has not yet been studied. Mineralogical and geochemical studies of fault core gouges and damage zones in the fault walls of Devonian dolomites in the Budy and Jurkowice quarries were carried out. In the clay-carbonate filling of the fault fissure, the presence of two generations of Fe sulfides, the increased content of Zr, Nb, U and Th in relation to the surrounding rocks was noted. In the fault walls of the dolomites, iron sulfide and hematite mineralization were found. Research on the REE content indicates that it is lower in the fault walls than in those located far from it, while it is clearly higher in the fault gouge, especially in terms of the content of “heavy” elements (HREE). This indicates both the supply of some components to the fault zone from external sources and their displacement from the surrounding rocks. It was also found that the fault was renewed before and after the Neogene at least twice (Badenian).

3

Geochemistry and Water Quality Assessment of Continental Intercalary Aquifer in Ouargla Region (Sahara, Algeria)

Boussaada Nawel, Bouselsal Boualem, Benhamida Slimane Abdeldjabbar, Hammad Nabila, Kharroubi Maha

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

279--294

EN

Groundwater is vital for all living beings and the socio-economic development of arid regions. The present study evaluated the pertinence of groundwater of the continental intercalary (CI) aquifer in the Ouargla region for domestic and agricultural purposes. Sixteen (16) water samples were collected and analyzed for physical parameters, major cations and anions. The appreciation of groundwater potability was compared with the WHO (2017) standards. Agricultural water quality was evaluated using the Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) method and the study of irrigation parameters: EC, SAR, SSP, PI, KR, PS and MAR. The results show that the CI waters are dominated by mixed Ca-Mg-Cl type (56.3%) and Ca-Cl type (43.7%). Natural rock-water interactions, including silicate weathering, evaporite dissolution and cation exchange, were the dominant processes controlling the mineralization of CI waters. According to WHO (2017), EC (100%), T (100%), TDS (100%), Na+ (87.5%), K+ (100%), Ca2+ (12.5%), Mg2+ (18.75%), SO42- (100%), and TH (100%), samples exceed the permissible limit, indicating that most of the groundwater samples do not have good quality for drinking purposes. The calculated IWQI showed that 31.25% of the water samples were in the good category and 68.75% in the doubtful category.

4

Geochemical Study of Mineralization of the Thermo-Mineral Sources in the North East of Algeria

Nechem Dounia, Hannouche Mani, Bougherira Nabil, Chaffai Hicham

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 9

218--224

EN

The majority of thermal sources in northeastern of Algeria, is home to a large number of Hammams (spas) with high geothermal potential (El Tarf; Guelma, Souk Ahras, and Skikda). These thermal springs fall into the low temperature category (between 30°C and 150°C), however Hammam Debagh’s source being the warmest at about 90°C. Multiple field campaigns from 12 thermal springs were conducted in northeastern Algeria between 2020 and 2021 to highlight the geochemistry of these waters. The results show that these geologically protected waters have a totally stable geochemical composition, i.e., they have not undergone any chemical treatment or disinfection before being used thermally. Understanding the origin and mineralization of thermal waters in a continental Mediterranean environment is the focus of this investigation. The monitoring of physical indicators, including pH, temperature (°C), water conductivity, dissolved oxygen, flow, and turbidity, in conjunction with the use of the hydrochemical tool, chemical facies, and the saturation index, was done on the 12 of sites studied. Geological evidence has shown that these waters are typically found in deep aquifers and are subject to brittle tectonics. The findings of the investigations performed on the thermal waters revealed that for the evaporitic carbonated components, an enrichment in (Na+2) and in (Cl-) mostly attributable to a geological origin, on the other hand, a depletion of halite (under-saturated) and to a lesser extent, gypsum.

5

Application of Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Drinking Water Softening

Gomelya Mykola, Shabliy Tetyana, Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Vakulenko Anna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 5

154--162

EN

The processes of water purification with increasing selection of permeate were studied, considering selectivity and productivity of membranes, dynamics of changes of contents of components in the concentrate. It is shown that when chlorides and sulfates are removed from water, the increase in their content in the concentrate does not differ practically from the measured and calculated values. At the same time, the nature of dependences on the change in hardness, concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, alkalinity obtained experimentally differ significantly from the dependences obtained by theoretical calculations at permeate selection levels of > 70%. А significant difference in the determined and calculated concentrations of hardness ions in the concentrates was observed after hardness values greater than 30–40 mg-eq/dm3. This indicates the partial removal of hardness ions and carbonates from the concentrates, which may be the reason for the formation of deposits on the membrane. Permissible values of the degree of permeate selection were determined, at which there is no intense deposition of carbonates and hydroxides of hardness ions on the membrane. With the initial water hardness > 8 mg-eq/dm3, the degree of permeate selection could reach 60–70% without the risk of sedimentation on the membrane. Effectiveness of the low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane in the purification of mine water with an increased level of mineralization and hardness was determined. A significant difference between the determined and calculated hardness in concentration was observed already at the degree of permeate selection of 22–33%.

6

Groundwater Geochemical and Quality of the Continental Intercalary Aquifer in Béni Ounif (Southwest Algeria)

Abdellah Arfa, Boualem Bouselsal, Aziez Zeddouri, Mokhtar Kebili

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

1--12

EN

The main objective of this work was to study the status of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation uses in the locality of Beni Ounif. A total of 16 samples were taken at different locations in the study area from boreholes to capture the continental intercalary (CI) aquifer for physicochemical analysis. This work used the groundwater quality index (GWQI) method to evaluate water potability. The irrigation water quality was assessed by studying EC, SAR, Na%, KR, PI, and MR parameters. In addition, the mechanisms of mineralization of these waters were highlighted by the study of Piper, Gibbs, bivariate diagrams, and the calculation of saturation indices. The results show that the CI waters would have chemical constituents in accordance with the WHO guide values and the Algerian guide values for drinking water. The GWQI method showed a good quality of CI waters for consumption in the study area. On based the irrigation water parameters, the IC water samples are acceptable for irrigation provided that drainage techniques are applied to the cultivated land for tipsy soil salinization. In addition, the study of Piper, Gibbs, bivariate, and mineral saturation diagrams shows that the CI waters of the study area are of Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl type, and the hydrogeochemical processes that control their mineralization are complex, namely, the alteration of silicate and carbonate minerals, the dissolution of gypsum and exchange ion.

7

Analysis of the Influence of Anthropogenic Factors of the Urbanized Territory of Poltava Region (Ukraine) on the State of River Water

Strelets Victor, Loboichenko Valentyna, Leonova Nataliia, Shevchenko Roman, Telelim Vasilii, Strelets Valerij, Shevchenko Olga, Burmenko Oleksandr

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 2

185--192

EN

The analysis of anthropogenic factors influencing the state of natural water is carried out in the work. The need for a detailed study of the impact of urban areas on river water quality is noted. The study of the state of one of the main rivers of Poltava region in the area of about 100 km during the winter-spring period on the parameter of mineralization. The influence of individual settlements on the water status of the Vorskla River is considered. There was a gradual increase in river water pollution in the studied area and an increase in mineralization from 660 to 820 mg/l (February) and from 500 to 580 mg/l (April) (Sr = 2%). It was found that the greatest anthropogenic impact on the state of the Vorskla River is in the area of Poltava - Novi Sanzhary. The influence of surface runoff on changes in surface and groundwater quality of Poltava region is shown.

8

Badanie wpływu procesu mineralizacji na stężenie żelaza w bentonitach

Brzózka Bartosz, Kępka Martyna, Krzyżyk Sara, Kuryśko Kacper

Analit

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2022

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Nr 12

5--15

PL

W artykule opisano badania wpływu mineralizacji na stężenie żelaza w trzech próbkach bentonitu. Próbki zostały pobrane z zakładu CERTECH na trzech różnych etapach produkcji. Każdą z nich poddano mineralizacji różnymi kawasami: wodą królewską, stężonym i rozcieńczonym kwasem azotowym oraz kwasem solnym. Przygotowano przesącze i poddano je badaniu metodą atomowej spektrometrii absorpcyjnej. Każdą próbkę badano dwukrotnie. Przedstawiono wyniki badań, wygenerowano wykresy rozkładu stężeń żelaza w zależności od użytego do mineralizacji kwasu.

EN

The topic of the following article is the effect of mineralization on iron concentration in three bentonite samples. The samples were taken from the CERTECH factory at three different stages of production. Each was mineralized with different acids: aqua regia, concentrated and diluted nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. The filtrates were prepared and subjected to atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Each sample was tested twice. The results of the study are presented, and graphs of the distribution of iron concentrations depending on the acid used for mineralization were generated.

9

Osobliwa mineralizacja rudna w serpentynitach antygorytowych kopalni Nasławice koło Sobótki (Dolny Śląsk)

Heflik Wiesław, Dumańska-Słowik Magdalena, Kotowski Mirosław

Przegląd Górniczy

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2021

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T. 77, nr 7-9

1--8

PL

W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę mineralogiczno-petrograficzną grubokrystalicznej mineralizacji dolomitowo-magnetytowej napotkanej w obrębie północno-zachodniej części kopalni serpentynitów w Nasławicach koło Sobótki (Dolny Śląsk). Takie grubokrystaliczne wykształcenie tych dwóch minerałów w obrębie serpentynitów Wzgórz Nasławickich napotkano po raz pierwszy. Mineralizacja ta występuje w strefie kontaktu tektonicznego serpentynitu z wczesnowaryscyjską intruzją gabrową. W wyniku badań mikroskopowych w świetle przechodzącym oraz mikrospektroskopii Ramana stwierdzono, że asocjacja tych dwóch minerałów (dolomitu i magnetytu) stanowi produkt krystalizacji roztworów hydrotermalnych. Składniki chemiczne, żelazo i magnez, potrzebne do krystalizacji tych faz pochodzą głównie z rozkładu piroksenów i oliwinów oraz produktów protokrystalizacji obecnych w protolicie serpentynitowym. Wapń doprowadzony został pogabrowymi roztworami hydrotermalnymi.

EN

The paper presents mineralogical and petrographical characteristics of coarse-crystalline dolomite-magnetite mineralization found within the north-western part of the serpentinite mine in Nasławice near Sobótka (Lower Silesia). Such a coarse-crystalline formation of these two minerals within the serpentinites of the Nasławice Hills was encountered here for the first time. The mineralization occurs in the tectonic contact zone of the serpentinite with the Early Variscan gabbroic intrusion. The observations under polarized transmitted light microscopy and analyses of Raman microspectroscopy revealed that the association of these two minerals (dolomite and magnetite) has been a product of post-magmatic, hydrothermal activity. The chemical components, i.e. iron and magnesium, required for the crystallisation of these phases were mainly derived from the decomposition of pyroxenes and olivines and the products of protocrystallisation found in the serpentinite protolith. Calcium was supplied by post-gabbroic hydrothermal solutions.

10

The mechanism of phosphate bacteria in increasing the solubility of phosphorus in Indonesian Andisols

Tamad, Maas Azwar, Hanudin Eko, Widada Jaka

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 49

188--194

EN

The purpose of this research was to determine: 1) phosphate bacteria (PB) mechanisms responsible for enhancing the soil’s soluble phosphorus (P), using the processes of inorganic P solubilisation, organic P mineralization, and blocking of soil colloidal adsorption site, and 2) to investigate the factors contributing to this increase. Phosphate bacteria (PB) was inoculated into sterile Andisols in three separate compositions, termed 1 kg P∙kg–1 (2.82 g phosphate rock, 0.5 g Ca3(PO4)2, 0.4 g Al3(PO4)2, or 0.4 g Fe3(PO4)2), organic P (0.5 cm3 para-Nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) or 0.5 g Na-phytate), and 1 kg P (KH2PO4)∙kg–1, in order to analyse inorganic P solubilisation, organic P mineralization, and evaluate blocking soil colloidal site for adsorption P, respectively. Furthermore, spectrophotometry technique was applied to determine the amount of dissolved P. The PB showed an improvement in inorganic P solubilisation from 147.66 to 194.61 mg P∙kg–1, and also in organic P from 63.6 to 91.7 mg P∙kg–1, compared to control, (31.06 mg P∙kg–1) and (23.7 mg P∙kg–1), respectively. Meanwhile, the micro-organisms were known to decrease P adsorption by 13.43%, beyond the restraint set at 85.34%. Therefore, increased soluble P in Andisols is possibly expressed, using the equation as follows: soluble P (mg P∙kg–1) = 1201.96 + 1.18 inorganic P solubilisation (mg P∙kg–1) + 1.09 organic P mineralization (mg P∙kg–1) – 0.92 adsorption P (mg P∙kg–1) (R2 = 0.99).

11

Impact of Anthropic Activities on the Quality of Groundwater in the Central Rif (North Morocco)

Benyoussef Said, Arabi Mourad, El Ouarghi Hossain, Ghalit Mohammad, Azirar Maryam, El Midaoui Adil, Ait Boughrous Ali

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 6

69--78

EN

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of human anthropic activities on the physicochemical and biological properties as well as the quantity of the groundwater in the central Rif of Morocco. Series of analyses were carried out on the water resources of this area. The interpretation of analytical data and the distribution of groundwater into groups were treated using multivariate statistical methods including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Ascending Hierarchical Classification (CHA). The results of the present study showed strong mineralization of the investigated area waters. This study also indicated the impact of anthropogenic activities and their influences on the quality of groundwater in the central Rif, with the presence of total coliforms, fecal Escherichia coli type, and fecal streptococci intestinal enterococcal type, suggesting that the contamination of this groundwater was induced by human pollution. In addition, the infiltration of groundwater by wastewater from septic tanks, the use of wastewater for irrigation purposes, the increased use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture, and irregular rainfall in the region constitute the main factors of anthropogenic contamination of groundwater in the study area.

12

Evaluation of Optimal Conditions for the Application of Capillary Materials for the Purpose of Water Deironing

Radovenchyk Iaroslav, Trus Inna, Halysh Vita, Krysenko Tamara, Chuprinov Evhen, Ivanchenko Anna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 2

1--7

EN

Iron is one of the most common components in water that adversely affect humans, other living organisms and parameters of water bodies. Therefore, during using and consuming natural waters, and discharging sewage into surface water bodies, it is necessary to remove iron compounds from the aquatic environment. The use of capillary materials in water purification processes is a promising area of research. Experimental data proved the high efficiency of capillary materials application, providing higher efficiency of iron ions removal from model solutions for real water sources of different origin compared with the traditional method of settling. The main advantage of the application of materials with capillary properties is the simplicity of implementation of the method and there is no need to use electricity and any additional reagents. The effect of various factors on the process of water deironing with the application of capillary materials was studied. It was found out that the density has a little effect on the process at an iron concentration range from 1 to 5 mg/dm3 . The increase in competing ions content intensifies the process of divalent ferrous ions transition to trivalent. During the deironing of artesian water, the degree of iron removal exceeded 90 %, while the residual concentration was below the MPC.

13

Fotodegradacja sposobem na wprowadzenie etapu mineralizacji do analizy specjacyjnej nieorganicznych form As i Tl w wodach powierzchniowych

Kużelewska Alicja, Biaduń Ewa, Krasnodębska-Ostręga Beata

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2020

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nr 2

12--17

PL

Fotoliza, czyli bezodczynnikowa mineralizacja, umożliwia skuteczne usunięcie interferencji od matrycy organicznej, a w konsekwencji pozwala na skuteczne oznaczenie nie tylko całkowitych stężeń, ale i poszczególnych zawartości form nieorganicznych As i Tl.

14

The mechanical aspect of titanium ion release after posterior instrumentation for early onset scoliosis

Danielewicz Anna, Fatyga Marek, Wójciak-Kosior Magdalena, Sawicki Jan, Różańska-Boczula Monika, Sowa Ireneusz, Latalski Michał

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 6

1442--1449

EN

Surgical treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) is connected with the risk of early and late complications. The aim of the study is to assess influence of the rod fracture on the titanium ion release (TIR) in traditional growing rods instrumentation for EOS.56 patients treated surgically due to EOS were divided into three groups: 1) a control-patients newly operated due to scoliosis, patients treated with the traditional growing rod (TGR) and TGR who had rod fracture (FGR) and required a surgical revision. Titanium quantification in blood sample, skin fragment (CT –clean tissue) andmacrosco-pically contaminated tissue located near the implant (DT –dirty tissue) was performed using high-resolution emission spectrometry with excitation in inductively coupled plasma.The mean serum titanium level in control, TGR, and FGR groups were 1.93 ± 0.8, 5.61 ± 0.23, and 4.43 ± 0.1 μg/dm3, respectively. The mean CT titanium level in control, TGR, and FGR groups were 0.0045 ± 0.001, 0.0035 ± 0.001and 0.0065 ± 6.8 mg/g, respectively. The mean DT titanium level in TGR and FGR groups was 0.59 ± 0.02, and 1.022 ± 0.03 mg/g, respectively.Implant leadsto the TIR into tissues and blood. Increasing the number of anchors increases the titanium content inthe CT TGR group. Mechanical damage to the implant has no significant effect on the increase of TIR

15

Analysis of soil organic matter transformation dynamics models

Shostak Liubov, Boiko Mykhailo, Stepanchenko Olha, Kozhushko Olena

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2019

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T. 9, nr 3

40--45

EN

In this paper we consider the models describing the dynamics of soil organic matter transformation. The results of practical implementation of the ROMUL, CENTURY and ROTHAMSTED models are presented. These models propose theoretical approaches to the modelling of organic remains transformation based on describing physicochemical processes during humus formation with differential relations. Following the analysis, their strengths and weaknesses have been distinguished.

PL

W tym artykule rozważamy modele opisujące dynamikę transformacji materii organicznej w glebie. Przedstawiono wyniki praktycznej realizacji modeli ROMUL, CENTURY i ROTHAMSTED. Modele te proponują teoretyczne podejścia do modelowania transformacji szczątków organicznych oparte na opisie procesów fizykochemicznych podczas formowania się próchnicy z zależnościami różnicowymi. W wyniku analizy wyróżniono ich mocne i słabe strony.

16

Phenolic plant extract enrichment of enzymatically mineralized hydrogels

Douglas Timothy E.L, Lopez-Heredia Marco A., Pułczyńska Aleksandra, Łapa Agata, Pietryga Krzysztof, Schaubroeck David, Santos Sónia A.O., Pais Adriana, Brackman Gilles, Schamphelaere Karel de, Samal Sangram Keshari, Keppler Julia K., Bauer Jonas L, Chai Feng, Blanchemain Nicolas, Coenye Tom, Pamuła Elżbieta, Skirtach Andre G

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2019

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Vol. 22, no. 149

2--9

EN

Hydrogel mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP) and antibacterial activity are desirable for applications in bone regeneration. Mineralization with CaP can be induced using the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP), responsible for CaP formation in bone tissue. Incorporation of polyphenols, plant-derived bactericidal molecules, was hypothesized to provide antibacterial activity and enhance ALP-induced mineralization. Three phenolic rich plant extracts from: (i) green tea, rich in epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (herafter referred to as EGCG-rich extract); (ii) pine bark and (iii) rosemary were added to gellan gum (GG) hydrogels and subsequently mineralized using ALP. The phenolic composition of the three extracts used were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MSn). EGCG-rich extract showed the highest content of phenolic compounds and promoted the highest CaP formation as corroborated by dry mass percentage meassurements and ICP-OES de-termination of mass of elemental Ca and P. All three extracts alone exhibited antibacterial activity in the following order EGCG-rich > PI > RO, respectively. However, extract-loaded and mineralized GG hydro-gels did not exhibit appreciable antibacterial activity by diffusion test. In conclusion, only the EGCG-rich extract promotes ALP-mediated mineralization.

17

Ozonowanie leków sulfonamidowych w środowisku wodnym

Baran W., Adamek E., Szymkiewicz A., Wilk J., Cholewiński M., Madej D.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2018

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Vol. 12, No. 1

131--138

PL

Leki z grupy sulfonamidów są obecnie wykorzystywane głównie w weterynarii. Ich pozostałości trafiają do środowiska w formie niezmienionej lub jako nietrwałe chemicznie N-podstawione metabolity. Jedną z potencjalnych metod ich usuwania może być proces ozonowania. W trakcie tego procesu sulfonamidy mogą ulegać mineralizacji lub jedynie częściowej transformacji do półproduktów organicznych. Celem pracy było wyznaczenie różnic w podatności wybranych leków sulfonamidowych na ozonowanie w roztworach wodnych oraz w ściekach syntetycznych przygotowanych wg normy ISO 9887:1992(E). W badaniach uwzględniono sulfanilamid i siedem jego pochodnych, w których wodór amidowy został podstawiony przez pięcio- lub sześcioczłonowy układ heterocykliczny. Badane próbki były ozonowane za pomocą generatora ozonu DST-15 (Blue Planet) zasilanego wyłącznie tlenem medycznym. Wyniki oceniano na podstawie analiz wykonanych techniką HPLC oraz zmian wartości OWO oznaczanej metodą Langego. Stwierdzono, że wybrane do badań sulfonamidy uległy niemal całkowitej degradacji, choć jednocześnie stopień ich mineralizacji wynosił zaledwie od 3 do 20 %. Ponadto, szybkości degradacji poszczególnych sulfonamidów różniły się nawet dwukrotnie, a zakwaszenie środowiska reakcji miało pozytywne skutki dla jej przebiegu. Inne, poza sulfonamidami, substancje obecne w roztworze (tzn. składniki ścieków syntetycznych) w trakcie ozonowania zmniejszyły efektywność degradacji badanych leków tylko w niewielkim stopniu.

EN

At present, the sulfonamide class of drugs are used predominantly in veterinary medicine. They get into the environment unchanged or as chemically unstable N-substituted metabolites. One of the potential methods to remove the sulfonamides residues may be an ozonation. During this process the sulfonamides may undergo mineralization or only degradation to a simpler organic intermediates. The aim of the study was to determine differences in the susceptibility of sulfonamide drugs to ozonation in the aqueous solutions and in the synthetic wastewater prepared according to ISO 9887:1992 (E) procedure. Sulfanilamide and seven its derivatives in which the amide hydrogen was substituted by five- or six-membered heterocyclic system were used in the experiment. The tested samples were ozonated using the ozone generator DS-15 (Blue Planet) supplied only with medical oxygen. The results were evaluated based on the analysis performed by HPLC method and changes of the TOC value (determined by Lange method). It was found that sulfonamides selected to the experiment undergo complete degradation but the mineralization degree was only from 3 to 20 %. Additionally, the differences in degradation rate of some sulfonamides can be more than 2. An acidification of the reaction medium may have positive effects on the degradation. Substances present in the solution but other than sulfonamides (i.e. wastewaters ingredients) decrease the degradation efficiency of the used drugs to a small extent.

18

Extracellular polymeric substance of Rhodococcus opacus bacteria effects on calcium carbonate formation

Szcześ A., Czemierska M., Jarosz-Wilkołazka A., Magierek E., Chibowski E., Hołysz L.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2018

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Vol. 54, iss. 1

142--150

EN

An extracellular substance extracted from the bacterial strain Rhodococcus opacus was used as a template for calcium carbonate precipitation from CaCl2 and Na2CO3 solutions at 25 and 37 °C. Obtained crystals were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Kinetics of precipitation was investigated by conductivity measurements. The obtained results show that the used biopolymer does not affect the crystal structure but acts as a nucleation centers leading to the formation of calcite crystals with the regular size. This effect is concentration dependent i.e. the EPS concentration increase causes the crystal size decreases, and is greater if calcium chloride solution if mixed with EPS 15 min before the addition of sodium carbonate solution. The temperature increase strengthens this effect.

19

Hydrochemistry and origin of principal major elements in the groundwater of the Béchar–Kénadsa basin in arid zone, South-West of Algeria

Lachache S., Nabou M., Merzouguui T., Amroune A.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2018

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no. 36

77--87

EN

Béchar region is located in the southwest of Algeria, characterized by an arid climate with a Saharan tendency. It is subject to an increasing demand for water like all the great agglomerations due to the economic and demographic development. The groundwater of region is deteriorating because of the economic development, and the rapid growth of population. This article is devoted to the study of hydrochemistry and processes of mineralization of groundwater in this region. The results of physicochemicals analyses shows the same chemical facies of the chloride and sulphate-calcium and magnesium type, with high mineralization from North-East to South- -West to the outlet of Béchar–Kénadsa basin. The determination of the mineralization origin and the main major elements were approached by multivariate statistical treatment and geochemical. This method has identified the main chemical phenomena involved in the acquisition of mineralization of water in this aquifer. These phenomena are mainly related to the dissolution of evaporite formations, the infiltration of runoff water and direct ion exchange and mixing. However, the high mineralization anomaly is observed at the centre of Béchar–Kénadsa basin progressively by going to the outlet of this basin.

PL

Region Béchar w południowozachodniej Algierii charakteryzuje klimat suchy z wpływami saharyjskimi. Jak wszystkie duże aglomeracje, region ten wykazuje rosnące zapotrzebowanie na wodę w związku z rozwojem ekonomicznym i demograficznym. Rozwój gospodarczy i szybki przyrost populacji jest powodem pogarszania się jakości wód gruntowych. Niniejszy artykuł jest poświęcony badaniom właściwości hydrochemicznych i procesów mineralizacji wód gruntowych w regionie. Wyniki analiz wykazują występowanie podobnych facji chemicznych typu chlorkowego i siarczanowo-wapniowych lub magnezowych o wysokim stopniu mineralizacji od północnego wschodu do południowego zachodu basenu Béchar–Kénadsa. Źródła mineralizacji i główne pierwiastki zostały oznaczone metodami geochemicznymi z zastosowaniem wieloczynnikowej analizy statystycznej. Metody te dały podstawy do identyfikacji głównych zjawisk chemicznych wpływających na mineralizację wody, takie jak rozpuszczanie formacji ewaporytowych, infiltracja spływów powierzchniowych, bezpośrednia wymiana jonowa i mieszanie. Anomalię wysokiej mineralizacji malejącą w kierunku odpływu zaobserwowano w środkowej części basenu Béchar–Kénadsa.

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Biomimetically mineralized gelatin hydrogels produced by novel beta-radiation crosslinking

Ward D., Riedel S., Kudlačková R., Ashton L., Douglas T. E. L.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2018

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Vol. 21, no. 148

62