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Zalecenia odnośnie właściwego odżywiania w okresie pandemii wirusa SARS-COVID-2

Achrem-Achremowicz Bohdan

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2022

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T. 76, nr 7

31--35

PL

Pandemia wirusa SARS-COVID-2 spowodowała w Polsce do dnia 6.07.22. zakażenie 6,018 mln (w tym ozdrowienia 5,335 mln), śmierć ponad 116 tys. osób. Właściwe odżywianie i kontrolowana suplementacja diety w okresie zagrożeń, mogą zapobiec infekcji i przyspieszyć leczenie. Przedstawiono założenia zbilansowanej diety dla dorosłych (wg. Komitetu Nauk o Żywności PAN) oraz zalecenia suplementacji (wg Norm PZH) witaminami i solami mineralnymi w dawkach zapobiegających przedawkowaniu. Omówiono również zalecenia odżywiania niemowląt i dzieci.

EN

The SARS-COVID-2 pandemic had causedin Poland by 6/07/22. infection of 6,018 million (including recovery 5.335 million), death of over 116 thousand people. Proper nutrition and dietary supplementation during times of danger can prevent infection and accelerate healing. Assumptions of a balanced diet for adults (according to Com.Nutr.S. PAN) and recommenda-tions for supplementation (according to PZH Standards) with vitamins and mineral salts in doses preventing overdosing are given. Nutritional recommendations for infants and children were also discussed.

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The Effect of Mineral Salt on Reactive Dye Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Ultrafiltration

Ahmed Arif Eftekhar, Majewska-Nowak Katarzyna, Grzegorzek Martyna, Szymanek Igor

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 10

239--247

EN

The effect of mineral salt on the reactive dye removal was evaluated by using flat ultrafiltration (UF) membranes made of polyethersulfone (PES) and regenerated cellulose (C). Five reactive dyes varied in molecular weight (Reactive Orange 16, Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Reactive Orange 20, Reactive Black 5, Reactive Read 120) were used in the UF experiments. The applied membranes were characterized by the cut-off value equal to 10 kDa. The ultrafiltration process was performed in a dead-end mode under the transmembrane pressure of 0.2 MPa. Dye concentration in model solutions was equal to 100 mg/dm3. Two various mineral salts (NaCl and Na2SO4) were chosen to simulate the composition of dye-house baths. The concentration of monovalent and divalent salt in model dye solutions amounted to 1–2 g/dm3. Transport and separation properties of the UF membranes towards reactive dyes and mineral salts were evaluated. It was found that the separation efficiency of all tested dyes was dependent on the mineral salt presence. The effect of mineral salt on dye retention was more pronounced for membrane made of regenerated cellulose (C) than for polyethersulfone membrane (PES). In the case of the C membrane the dye retention coefficients varied in the wide range – from 55 to 83%, whereas for PES membrane the degree of dye separation was less diverse and amounted to 81–96%. The presence of mineral salt in water and dye solutions generally worsen the membrane permeability due to osmotic pressure increase as well as enhancing adsorptive fouling of dye particles in membrane matrix.

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Physico-chemical quality of drinking water in the south of Algeria (Case of El-Oued region) study of excess minerals

Zobeidi A., Moussaoui L.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2013

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Vol. 11

38--43

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical composition of water intended for human consumption in several regions of El-Oued - Algeria. Excess minerals in drinking water, including magnesium, calcium, sulfates, chloride and fluorides play a fundamental role in the prevention of urinary calculi, which are formed mainly from calcium oxalate. The results revealed that wholes water samples are analyzed magnesium ([Mg 2+] > 50 mg / L). The rate of sulfate ions average 638 mg / l, exceeding the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) recommended by WHO ([SO42ˉ] > 250 mg / L). In addition, 85 % had excess fluoride [Fˉ] > 0.85 mg / L, and 100 % are calcium, the rate of Ca2+ is greater than 150 mg / L.