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1

Role of maceral groups in coal beneficiation : A short review

An Ping, Liu Xinran, Xia Wencheng, Peng Yaoli, Xie Guangyuan

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 1

art. no. 183765

EN

Macerals are the basic constituents of coal that can be distinguished and identified under the microscope. Depending on the difference in optical properties, the macerals are divided into four maceral groups, including liptinite, vitrinite, huminite and inertinite. These maceral groups not only affect coal mining and utilization but also play different roles in coal beneficiation. According to the different properties of maceral groups, they can be separated (or enriched) to provide high-quality raw materials for the coal industry. This review briefly introduces the international maceral classification system and reviews in detail the role of maceral groups in coal beneficiation combined with their properties.

2

A quantitative study between HPGR and cone crusher aided ball mill grinding: mathematical modeling by evaluating the possible microfracture effect produced by HPGR technology and cone crusher

Rodríguez-Torres I., Tuzcu E.T., Reyes Iván A., Rosales-Marín G.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 1

art. no. 177620

EN

High Pressure Grinding Rolls (HPGR) have been used in the mining industry for decades. However, there are limited quantifications of the particle properties after comminution. Furthermore, the influence of microcracks in grinding provided by this technology has not been extensively quantified. In the recent work, there were two comminution paths tested: 1 (Jaw crusher + cone crusher + ball mill) and 2 (Jaw crusher + HPGR + ball mill). The possible weakening effect aiding ball mill grinding due to microcracks of HPGR path was shown via specific energy, fines generation and breakage rate measurements. To achieve a quantification about the impact of microcracks and the high rate of reduction rate of HPGR technology, first the product was reconstructed using Rosin Rammler's Weibull double formula and the similar particle size distribution was obtained by a conventional cone crusher. By this way the feed size distribution to the grinding stage remained constant regardless of the type of crushing process (HPGR or cone crusher). The results showed that the microfractures generated by the HPGR technology influence the specific energy consumption, fines generation and breakage rates. Ball mill after HPGR consumed 12.46 kWh/t of specific energy, however ball mill after cone crusher consumed 14.36 kWh/t of specific energy. The experimental methodology proposed in this paper maintains a consistent feed size range (-1500 to +41.31 μm) to show that the size reduction observed in the sample undergoing HPGR grinding is not the primary factor contributing to reduced energy consumption and increased fines generation. Instead, it is predominantly associated with the microfractures generated through the compression in HPGR technology; the energy reduction (optimization) of a grinding path is shown in the study.

3

Studying on mineralogical and petrological characteristics of Gara Djebilet oolitic iron ore, Tindouf (Algeria)

Chebel Nassima, Nettour Djamel, Chettibi Mohamed, Rachid Chaib, Khoshdast Hamid, Hassanzadeh Ahmad

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 5

art. no. 178382

EN

Demand for iron ore worldwide has been steadily increasing which leads to the extraction of iron ore deposits with more complex mineralogies and higher levels of silicon and phosphorus impurities. This is the case in Algeria with the iron ore deposit of Gara Djebilet, Tindouf; where it has recently been exploited to ensure the sufficiency of iron ore required to produce iron and steel products. This deposit has remained unexploited for several decades due to inadequate knowledge of its mineralogy, treatment, and economic assessments. This study aims to find out the microstructure, chemical composition, and mineralogical distribution of valuable minerals and impurities, to understand the efficient processing methods for this specific iron ore. The characterization of representative ironstone samples taken from the studied area was carried out using optical microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), petrographic microscope, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results of the mineralogical analyses confirmed that it is an oolitic fine-grained ore consisting of gangue minerals principally composed of quartz, apatite, and iron-rich concentric cored structures. Chemical analyses of the ore indicated that it contains 56.58 wt% Fe with 7.98 wt% SiO2, 7.09 wt% Al2O3, and minor amounts of P2O5, CaO, MgO, and TiO2 compounds. The phosphorus associated was present in both ooids and groundmass, indicating that the ore has a complex texture with very rich and diverse mineralogy. For that, two conceptual scenarios were potentially proposed for processing the studied iron ore, while further detailed automated mineralogical information was required to make sure about the processing units from a practical perspective.

4

Artificial intelligence versus natural intelligence in mineral processing

Özkan Şafak Gökhan

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 5

art. no. 167501

EN

This article aims to introduce the terms NI-Natural Intelligence, AI-Artificial Intelligence, ML-Machine Learning, DL-Deep Learning, ES-Expert Systems and etc. used by modern digital world to mining and mineral processing and to show the main differences between them. As well known, each scientific and technological step in mineral industry creates huge amount of raw data and there is a serious necessity to firstly classify them. Afterwards experts should find alternative solutions in order to get optimal results by using those parameters and relations between them using special simulation software platforms. Development of these simulation models for such complex operations is not only time consuming and lacks real time applicability but also requires integration of multiple software platforms, intensive process knowledge and extensive model validation. An example case study is also demonstrated and the results are discussed within the article covering the main inferences, comments and decision during NI use for the experimental parameters used in a flotation related postgraduate study and compares with possible AI use.

5

Przeróbka surowców na Wydziale Górnictwa i Geoinżynierii Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej

Tora Barbara

Przegląd Górniczy

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2020

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T. 76, nr 4

1--9

PL

20 października 1919 r. Naczelnik Państwa Marszałek Józef Piłsudski dokonał uroczystego otwarcia Akademii Górniczej w Krakowie. W 2019 roku AGH obchodziła uroczyście jubileusz stulecia. Z tej okazji Przegląd Górniczy poświęcił dwa numery (nr 1163, październik 2019 i nr 1164, listopad 2019) historii Wydziału Górnictwa i Geoinżynierii. Przedstawiono osiągnięcia naukowo-badawcze Katedr: Inżynierii Górniczej i Bezpieczeństwa Pracy, Geomechaniki, Budownictwa i Geotechniki oraz Ekonomiki i Zarządzania w Przemyśle. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono historię specjalności przeróbka surowców na Wydziale Górnictwa i Geoinżynierii oraz wybrane osiągniecia naukowo-badawcze Katedry Inżynierii Środowiska.

EN

On October 20, 1919, Marshal Józef Piłsudski solemnly opened the Akademia Górnicza (current name - AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow). In 2019, AGH celebrated the jubilee of the century. On this occasion, Polish Mining Review (Przegląd Górniczy) devoted two issues (No. 1163, October 2019 and No. 1164, November 2019) to the history of the Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering. The scientific and research achievements of the Departments were presented: Mining Engineering and Occupational Safety, Geomechanics, Construction and Geotechnics as well as Economics and Management in Industry. This article presents the history of the specialty of raw materials processing at the Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering and selected scientific and research achievements of the Department of Environmental Engineering.

6

Educational Programmes Related to Mineral Processing in Poland

Saramak Daniel

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2020

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no. 1, vol. 1

205--210

EN

Mining and mineral processing is a significant field of research in Poland, mainly due to huge deposits of various raw materials located in this country. Several Polish universities offer studies in the field of mineral processing. AGH University of Science and Technology, located in Cracow is major Polish university offering MSc programmes in mineral processing discipline. There are also several other universities, where students can gain knowledge in the field of mineral processing. Teaching programmes cover all main issues related to mineral processing, with cooperation with coal, copper, zinc and lead, coal and rock material industries. Article also describes the issues related to scientific staff in Poland. There are also presented general possibilities for career development for graduates, with characteristics of main potentials and problems.

PL

Górnictwo i przeróbka surowców to znaczące kierunki badań w Polsce, głównie dzięki bogatym krajowym zasobom licznych surowców mineralnych. Kilka uczelni wyższych w Polsce prowadzi studia z zakresu przeróbki surowców. AGH w Krakowie to jedna z głównych uczelni oferujących studia magisterskie w dziedzinie przeróbki. Także na innych uczelniach studenci mogą zdobyć wykształcenie z zakresu przeróbki. Oferowane programy edukacyjne obejmują wszystkie kluczowe tematy związane z przeróbka surowców, we współpracy z przemysłem węglowym, miedziowym, cynkowo-ołowiowym, oraz kruszywowym. Artykuł także porusza kwestie związane z kadrą naukową w Polsce. Zaprezentowane zostały także możliwości rozwoju zawodowego dla absolwentów z uwzględnieniem głównych szans oraz zagrożeń.

7

Adjustment of limestone grinding in an electromagnetic mill for use in production of sorbents for flue gas desulphurization

Wołosiewicz-Głąb Marta, Pięta Paulina Kinga, Foszcz Dariusz, Niedoba Tomasz, Gawenda Tomasz

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 3

779--791

EN

The paper presents the study of the effectiveness of the grinding in an electromagnetic mill for limestone with the feed particle size up to 0.5 mm and 1 mm. The goal was to prepare material for specific particle size fractions of fine and coarse sorbents used for flue gas desulfurization. The work focused on optimizing the duration of the grinding and selecting grinding media properties to obtain the highest relative increase in the 50 μm and 50-100 μm particle size fraction in the grinding product. An important element for grinding control is the knowledge of the impact characteristics for main parameters and factors on the efficiency of the material comminution. The grinding results show its kinetics of grinding product yield. A model was also created that shows the relationship between grinding time and the process efficiency and can be used to optimize the process. The research allowed to determine the impact of changes in the parameters of the mill and the feed, which will allow to determine the controls for the system’s continuous operation. It is crucial to determine the efficiency of the mill. It depends on the degree of material fragmentation and the granularity of the feed subjected to the grinding. Both of these parameters are different for different raw materials. Determination of grinding kinetics models allowed to determine the dependence of function between the growth of the selected particle size fraction in the product and the residence time of material.

8

Next generation technology for utilization of alumina rich iron ore tailings in India

Mukopadhyay Sudipta, Periyasamy Muthaimanoj

New Trends in Production Engineering

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2019

|

Vol. 2, Iss. 1

78--85

EN

Accumulation of low-grade iron ore tailings (IOTs) generated during the processing of high-grade iron ore has become a great threat to environment. Although wide range of research works has carried out to recover the iron values from the IOTs, but the solid recovery value has limited to ca. 50% in Indian context. In order to attain a maximum iron recovery and to utilize these solid wastes for future needs, an attention has shed on the topics of hydrometallurgy and applied nanomaterial synthesis from IOTs. Iron containing nanoparticles (ICNs) have huge potential in environmental and energy related applications. A wide range of synthesis methods has developed to produce ICNs from the mine waste. It is evident from the recent research works that converting waste materials into value added products are gaining more attentions. Objective of this review is to analyse the green synthesis routes to prepare ICNs from mine waste, starting from the physio chemical identification of waste material followed by discussion on various methods of ICNs synthesis routes from mine waste. It includes selective leaching method. Finally, the use of ICNs for environmental application had discussed in brief.

9

Beneficiation of Talc-Magnesite Ore with Cu-Co Mineralization

Brezani Ivan, Sisol Martin, Marcin Michal, Sykora Maros, Matasovsky Michal, Varga Peter

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2019

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R. 21, nr 1

141--144

EN

Magnesite ore with a low chalcopyrite – cobaltite mineralization was subjected to a series of separations designed to evaluate the possible concentration of the two accessory minerals. Although the Cu-Co grade in the ore (> 0.01% Co, > 0.1% Cu) is significantly lower than the typical economic grades, content of the main valuable mineral for which the ore is mined and processed in combination with a listing of cobalt as a critical raw material, coupled with their higher price might compensate for the additional beneficiation stages. The ore was first crushed and subsequently classified to -100 μm and +100 -400 μm size fractions. The fine fraction was upgraded by froth flotation processing in laboratory froth flotation cell. The coarser fraction was processed in several separation stages including gravity separation on shaking table, magnetic separation and corona electrostatic separation. The same procedure was also repeated with a higher-grade sample as a verification of the procedures. Preliminary results suggest that the accessory minerals can be separated from the talc-magnesite ore and individual mineral concentrates with about 19% Co and 28% Cu were prepared. However, further work must be done to achieve desirable recoveries for the processing to be economically viable.

PL

Ruda magnezu o niskiej mineralizacji chalkopirytu – kobaltytu została poddana serii separacji mających na celu ocenę możliwego uzysku dwóch minerałów towarzyszących. Chociaż zawartość Cu-Co w rudzie (> 0,01% Co,> 0,1% Cu) jest znacznie niższy niż wartości opłacalne ekonomicznie, zawartość głównego cennego minerału (magnezytu) , dla którego ruda jest wydobywana i przetwarzana w połączeniu z zawartością kobaltu jako surowca krytycznego może zrekompensować koszt dodatkowych etapów wzbogacania. W pierwszym etapie rudę kruszono, a następnie klasyfikowano do frakcji o wielkości -100 μm i +100 -400 μm. Drobną frakcję poddawano flotacji pianowej w laboratoryjnej maszynce flotacyjnej. Grubsza frakcja była przetwarzana w kilku etapach, w tym separacja grawitacyjna na stole wstrząsanym, separacja magnetyczna i separacja elektrostatyczna. Ta sama procedura została powtórzona z próbką o wyższych zawartościach. Wstępne wyniki sugerują, że minerały towarzyszące można oddzielić od rudy talku i magnezytu i zyskano koncentraty mineralne z zawartością około 19% Co i 28% Cu. Jednakże konieczne są dalsze prace w celu osiągnięcia pożądanych uzysków, aby przetwarzanie było opłacalne ekonomicznie.

10

A new approach in separation process evaluation. Efficiency ratio and upgrading curves

Irannajad M., Nuri O. S., Allahkarami E.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2018

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Vol. 54, iss. 3

847--857

EN

In mineral processing separation efficiency (SE), operation efficiency (OE), selectivity index (SI) and other indices have been used to evaluate the separation process. Up to now, no study has been conducted on the relationship between the SE, OE and SI indices. In this research, two upgrading curves are proposed based on the above indices for process and selectivity evaluation. The first upgrading curve is based on recovery R, SE, and OE as a function of concentrate grade. This curve has three background lines, including no upgrading line, ideal upgrading line and the ideal mixing line. The proposed upgrading curve is applicable not only for process evaluation by specification of OE and SE, but also for selectivity evaluation with the lowest difference between SE and OE. The curve showed that the recovery value is always greater than the SE and OE values. The parameters of OE, SE and R were used for plotting the upgrading curve as a function of concentrate grade taking into consideration all of them at a time. A new selectivity indicator, namely Efficiency Ratio (ER) as the selectivity parameter, is proposed as the ratio of OE to SE. The ER values fluctuate between 1 and . It can be presented as a function of concentrate and tailing grades (ER = [c(1-t)]/[1(c-t)]). The results showed that ER is insensitive to the feed grade and has the inverse relationship with SI. To measure the separation selectivity, another upgrading curve is proposed based on ER and SI parameters. This curve is divided into seven separation classes for evaluation the class of a separation process from ideal class to no separation one. The results of this research can be useful for separation process evaluation.

11

Osiągnięcia i udział w rozwoju przeróbki surowców mineralnych i utylizacji odpadów Instytutu Metali Nieżelaznych w Gliwicach

Wieniewski A., Myczkowski Z.

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2017

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R. 18, nr 2

15--24

PL

W artykule przedstawiono dorobek Zakładu Przeróbki Surowców Mineralnych i Utylizacji Odpadów na przestrzeni sześćdziesięciu pięciu lat działalności Instytutu Metali Nieżelaznych w Gliwicach, poczynając od prowadzonych w latach pięćdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku badań nad wzbogacaniem rud miedzi oraz cynku i ołowiu ze Starych Zagłębi kończąc na przedstawieniu aktualnie realizowanych kierunkach badawczych. Przedstawiono rozwój technologii wzbogacania aktualnie eksploatowanych złóż: rud miedzi LGOM-u i cynku i ołowiu rejonu Olkusz – Pomorzany. Szczególne miejsce zajmuje przedstawienie rozwoju konstrukcji maszyn flotacyjnych zarówno serii IZ jak i IF. Podano charakterystyki techniczne tych maszyn oraz dane dotyczące ich rozpowszechnienia, w tym eksportu. Wymieniono także nowe konstrukcje hydrocyklonów HC 500/12o ZAM-IMN. Przedstawiono szereg technologii wzbogacania opracowanych dla krajowych i zagranicznych złóż rud metali nieżelaznych, oraz surowców odpadowych. Przedstawiono badania i wdrożenia nowych odczynników flotacyjnych. Podkreślono znaczenie działań na arenie międzynarodowej. Zakład Przeróbki Surowców Mineralnych i Utylizacji Odpadów Instytutu Metali Nieżelaznych w Gliwicach zajmuje trwałe miejsce w rozwoju branży metali nieżelaznych i przeróbki w Polsce.

EN

The article presents the achievements of the Mineral Processing and Waste Utilization Department of the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals in Gliwice, during the sixty five years of activity, beginning with the research conducted in the 1950s on the enrichment of copper and zinc and lead ores from Old Copper and Lead and Zinc Basin to the current research directions. The development of enrichment technology of currently exploited deposits: copper ore of LGOM and zinc and lead of Olkusz - Pomorzany region was presented. The development of the construction of both IZ and IF flotation machines takes a special place in this article. The technical characteristics of these machines and their distribution, including export, are given. New construction of HC 500 / 12o ZAM-IMN hydrocyclones was also mentioned. A number of enrichment technologies have been developed for domestic and foreign non-ferrous metal ores and waste materials. The research and implementation of new flotation reagents has been presented. The importance of action on the international scene has been emphasized. The Department of Mineral Processing and Waste Treatment of the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals in Gliwice occupies a permanent place in the development of the non-ferrous metal industry and processing in Poland.

12

Preparation of synthetic carnallite and amorphous silica from chromite beneficiation plant tailings

Top S., Yildirim M.

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2017

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T. 33, z. 2

5--23

EN

In this paper, synthetic carnallite (MgCl2 ∙ KCl ∙ 6H2O) and amorphous silica (SiO2) preparation possibilities were investigated by utilizing chromite beneficiation plant tailings which contain 3.44% chromite (Cr2O3) and 30.55% magnesium oxide (MgO) by weight. Firstly, laboratory scale high intensity wet magnetic separator was applied for removing the magnetic materials such as chromite, iron (II ) and manganese (II ) minerals in the tailings. About 85.75% of chromite, 91.22% of MnO and 64.71% of Fe2O3 were removed by single stage magnetic separation. After the magnetic separation, hydrometallurgical recovery was initiated by leaching of the tailings with hydrochloric acid (HCl). Amorphous silica particles and the other solids were separated from the leach solution by filtration. Impurities were precipitated from the leach solution by elevating the solution pH via magnesiumhydroxide (Mg(OH )2) adding. The purified magnesium chloride (MgCl2) solution was mixed with potassium hydroxide (KOH ) at stoichiometric ratio. According to the XRD and chemical analysis, the synthetic carnallite was synthesized by controlled heating of this solution at 90–100°C. Also, the amorphous silica with 96.5% SiO2 content and 84.38% recovery yield was obtained by additional magnetic separation treatment.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono badania możliwości wytwarzania karnalitu (MgCl2 • KCl• 6H2O) i bezpostaciowej krzemionki (SiO2) z odpadów z zakładów procesu wzbogacania chromitów, które zawierają 3,44% wag. chromitu (Cr2O3) i 30,55% wag. tlenku magnezu (MgO). W skali laboratoryjnej do usuwania materiałów magnetycznych, takich jak: chromit, żelazo (II) i minerały manganowe (II) zastosowano wzbogacanie mokre w separatorach magnetycznych o wysokiej intensywności. Około 85,75% chromitu, 91,22% MnO i 64,71% Fe2O3 usunięto metodą jednoetapowej separacji magnetycznej. Po wzbogacaniu magnetycznym odzysk hydrometalurgiczny został zainicjowany przez ługowanie odpadów kwasem chlorowodorowym (HCl). Amorficzne cząstki krzemionki i inne substancje stałe oddzielono od roztworu ługującego przez filtrację. Z roztworu ługowanego wytrąciły się zanieczyszczenia przez wzrost pH dzięki zawartemu wodorotlenkowi magnezu (Mg(OH)2). Oczyszczony roztwór chlorku magnezu (MgCl2) zmieszano z wodorotlenkiem potasu (KOH ) w stosunku stechiometrycznym. Zgodnie z XRD i analizą chemiczną, syntetyczny karnalit syntetyzowano przez kontrolowane ogrzewanie tego roztworu w temperaturze 90–100°C. Również odzysk 84,38% amorficznej krzemionki o zawartości 96,5% SiO2 uzyskano przez dodatkowe magnetyczne wzbogacanie.

13

Skuteczne wytrząsanie

Zubrzycki J.

Surowce i Maszyny Budowlane

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2016

|

nr 2

42--47

PL

W zdecydowanej większości kopalina użyteczna po jej pozyskaniu z górotworu nie przedstawia większych wartości użytkowych. Przed dalszym jej wykorzystaniem należy ją, adekwatnie do swojego przeznaczenia, przetworzyć. Jak robić to najefektywniej?

14

Historia oczyszczania na Dębówku

Płonka P.

Surowce i Maszyny Budowlane

|

2016

|

nr 4-5

16--20

PL

Leżąca w okolicy Międzyrzecza kopalnia Dębówko (SKSM S.A.) od swych początków, czyli lat 70. ub. wieku, zmagała się z problemem zanieczyszczeń organicznych w złożu. Pojawiał się w nim przede wszystkim węgiel drzewny i margiel. „Życiorys” Dębówka to więc historia poszukiwania urządzenia, które pozwoliłyby na uzyskanie najwyższej jakości, najczystszego kruszywa, bez znacznego spadku wydajności. Niedawno zostało ono znalezione…

15

Application of waste from utilitarian ceramics for production of cement mortar and concrete

Ulewicz M., Halbiniak J.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

|

2016

|

Vol. 52, iss. 2

1002--1010

EN

Preliminary results of utilization of ceramic waste for the produce of ceramic mortars and concrete have been presented. Currently, ceramic wastes from the production of ceramic flower pots and covers are not used in any form. The chemical composition of this waste materials was determined using X-ray fluorescence (spectrometer ARL Advant 'XP). Cement mortar and concrete were made using CEM I 42.5 R. The results showed that the compressive strength (after 28 days) of cement mortar increased with the increase of size reduction of the ceramic waste. The highest compressive strength (increased by 5.0% compared to the control sample) was found for cement mortars in which waste pottery with fragmentation of less than 0.2 mm were used. These mortars also showed the highest frost resistance (after 150 freeze and unfreeze cycles), whereas the largest decrease the compressive strength (over 17%) after the frost resistance test showed samples of the cement mortar with the ceramics waste fragmentation in range 1.0–3.0 mm. Studies have also shown that the compressive strength of concretes increase with added the ceramic waste (10–30%) instead of natural aggregate. The highest compressive strength (approximately 12.3%) compared with the sample control show the concrete in which 30% of the natural aggregates were replaced by the ceramics waste. Furthermore, using up to 30% of ground ceramic in the concrete reduces its water absorption capacity.

16

Applications of ANOVA in mineral processing

Niedoba T., Pięta P.

Mining Science

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2016

|

Vol. 23

43--54

EN

The paper presents a scheme of conducting ANOVA, which can be a statistical method using for the analysis of various complex phenomena in different fields of science. It is mainly focused on presentation of different areas of application at statistical model, especially in mineral engineering. Selected experiments in which ANOVA was used successfully to study the process of flotation and proper-ties of three types of coal are presented in this study. Mineral resources are characterized by different properties and the flotation process depends on many factors which must be carefully controlled to obtain an expected separation efficiency of the process under industrial conditions. These facts determine the complexity of mineral processing structure. This choice of ANOVA was dictated by the adjustment of methodology to the nature of the analyzed phenomena. Based on this analysis it can be stated that the analysis of variance is appropriate to consider problems associated with the mineral engineering. The examples described in the paper confirmed a high potential which ANOVA carries. However, it should be noted that the one-dimensional analysis of variance has some limitations.

17

Nie marnuj zasobów na 8 sposobów

Kaniewski A.

Surowce i Maszyny Budowlane

|

2015

|

nr 6

10-14

PL

Czy ograniczanie kosztów, skrócenie czasu produkcji i osiąganie lepszej jakości kruszyw jest możliwe bez ponoszenia kosztownych inwestycji? Japońska koncepcja Lean Manufacturing zakłada, że tak. Kluczowe jest rozwiązywanie problemów u źródeł i określenie kilku marnotrawstw - identyfikacja, na co tracimy czas, ludzi, energię, zasoby i pieniądze.

18

Energetyczne oszczędności

Naziemiec Z.

Surowce i Maszyny Budowlane

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2015

|

nr 3

18-24

PL

W procesie wydobycia i przeróbki kruszyw żwirowo-piaskowych występuje wiele elementów składających się na całkowity koszt prowadzonej działalności - zakup gruntów i przygotowanie do eksploatacji, koszty inwestycyjne zakupu maszyn oraz budowy stacjonarnego zakładu przeróbczego czy zakup przewoźnych i przejezdnych instalacji przeróbczych. Zależnie od specyfiki danego zakładu wydobycia i produkcji będą miały one różną strukturę. Czy można efektywnie obniżać koszty produkcji kruszyw piaskowo-żwirowych, szczególnie w zakresie energochłonności wytwarzania?

19

Możliwości wykorzystania surowców odpadowych przemysłu cementowego i przetwórstwa mineralnego do produkcji materiałów szklistych i szklano-krystalicznych. Cz.1 – Materiały szklano-krystaliczne na bazie odpadowego pyłu cementowego i perlitu

Zawiła J., Rybicka-Łada J.

Prace Instytutu Ceramiki i Materiałów Budowlanych

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2015

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R. 8, nr 21

76--90

PL

W artykule omówiono możliwości uzyskania materiałów szklano-krystalicznych na bazie odpadowego pyłu cementowego i perlitu. Biorąc pod uwagę ich skład chemiczny, zaprojektowano materiały z układu SiO2-CaO-MgO-Al2O3, uzupełnieniając skład surowcowy o dodatkowy surowiec pochodzenia mineralnego będący źródłem MgO. Zaprezentowano ich składy chemiczne i warunki obróbki termicznej. Materiały szklano-krystaliczne otrzymywano prowadząc kontrolowaną krystalizację szkieł w zakresie temperatury 950–1050°C bez stosowania dodatkowych nukleatorów krystalizacji oraz z ich udziałem w postaci tlenków Cr2O3, Fe2O3 i TiO2. Analiza składu fazowego XRD w pełni potwierdziła szklano-krystaliczny charakter uzyskanych materiałów. Wyniki badań pokazały, że głównymi fazami krystalicznymi analizowanych materiałów po ich obróbce w temperaturze 1000–1050°C i w czasie 180–300 minut są: diopsyd, anortyt i wolastonit, a ich udział zależy od składu wyjściowego. Opracowane w warunkach laboratoryjnych materiały szklano-krystaliczne na bazie pyłu cementowego i perlitu wykazują zdecydowanie większą twardość aniżeli szkło, z którego powstały w wyniku obróbki termicznej. Odznaczają się te materiały równomierną, krystaliczną strukturą i zróżnicowaną kolorystyką, mogą więc znaleźć różnorakie zastosowanie, np. jako materiały okładzinowe – ścienne i podłogowe, do wyrobu różnego rodzaju blatów, płyt itp.

EN

The paper discusses the possibility of obtaining a glass-crystalline materials based on cement kiln dust waste and perlite. Considering their chemical composition, SiO2-CaO-MgO-Al2O3 based materials were designed, supplementing raw material composition by additional mineral component containing MgO. Their chemical compositions and thermal treatment conditions were presented. Glass-ceramic materials were prepared by the controlled crystallization of glass in the temperature range of 950–1050˚C without applying additional nucleating agent of crystallization and their involvement in the form of oxides Cr2O3, Fe2O3 and TiO2. XRD analysis of the phase composition fully confirmed the glass-crystalline nature of the obtained materials. They showed that the major crystalline phases of the analysed material after heat treatment at a temperature of 1000–1050°C and at the time of 180–300 minutes are diopside, anorthite and wollastonite, and their contribution depends on the composition of the starting material. Developed in the laboratory conditions glass-ceramic materials based on cement kiln dust and perlite have much greater hardness than the glass from which they originated as a result of thermal treatment. They are characterized by a uniform crystalline structure and diversified colour schemes. These materials may find various application, for example as wall and floor cladding materials, variety of countertops, slabs, etc.

20

Removal of iron from sandstone by magnetic separation and leaching: case of El-Aouana deposit (Algeria)

Bouabdallah S., Bounouala M., Chaib A. S.

Mining Science

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2015

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Vol. 22

33--44

EN

To improve the quality of raw materials from North East Algeria and their application in the field of flat glass manufacturing, the sandstone of El-Aouana (Jijel) was subjected to a physicochemical characterization. Analysis techniques such as X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and a chemical analysis of size fractions by sieving were used. According to this characterization it is noticed that sandstone feedstock contains primarily quartz (SiO2), as well as ferriferous minerals considered as impurities during glass manufacturing. This work concerns the removal of iron oxide from silica sandstone to obtain a material acceptable for flat glass manufacturing. For this, we have studied the silica enrichment process using a magnetic separation. Moreover, a leaching process by using hydrochloric acid has been studied under various experimental conditions; the parameters studied were: hydrochloric concentration, temperature, and time of contact. The results obtained show that the leaching studied presents a better removal of iron oxide after 150 min of treatment at temperature 90°C with a 3 mol/L, a concentrate obtained final of 99.16% SiO2 with a content of 0.01% Fe2O3.