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EN
The Bat optimizing algorithm (BOA) is one of the metaheuristic algorithms and applied here to interpret self-potential (SP) data. The BOA is depending upon a bat echolocation behavior for global optimization, which the global optimum solution reached at the suggested minimum value of the objective function. The best interpretive source parameters for the subsurface structures occurred at the minimal the objective function value (global best solution). The BOA is applied to 2D SP anomaly data to estimate the characteristic source parameters (i.e., the depth to center, amplitude coefficient, origin location, geometric shape factor, and polarization and inclination angle of the causative buried structure). The BOA can be applied to single and multiple source structures in the restricted class of simple geometric shapes, which these bodies help in the validation of the subsurface ore and mineral targets. The stability and efficiency of the proposed BOA have been examined by several synthetic examples. In addition, three different real field examples from Germany and Indonesia have been successfully applied to ore and mineral investigation and geological structure studies. In general, the achieved results are in good agreement with the available borehole data and results mentioned in the literature.
EN
The article aims to briefly introduce the history of the Windarra deposit and the Poseidon Nickel Limited enterprise. Nickel deposit in Windarra became the subject of one of the most famous economic bubble called the Poseidon bubble. The described story shows the risky character of the mining and exploration investment and the changeable state of deposits.
EN
Gravity data are often used for delineation of the lateral and vertical extension of mineralized bodies buried at diferent depths. Various parameters associated with the buried bodies are the primary concern for mineral exploration purposes. Hence, a reliable and efcacious interpretation method is developed for the delineation of gravity anomaly data over the 2D vertical and horizontal sheet with fnite length and width associated with mineralized bodies. The parameters viz. amplitude coefcient (k), location (x0), depth to the top of the body (h), length of the sheet (L), and shape factor (q) for 2D vertical sheet type structure and depth (h) and width (w) of the sheet for 2D horizontal sheet were resolved. Restricting x0 and q has given very reliable results for the 2D vertical sheet, and the w for 2D horizontal sheet shows the problem of equivalence. However, in all cases, the delineated parameters are within the expected uncertainty. The present interpretation method was applied to synthetic and noisy data and three feld examples from the USA, Canada, and Sweden for mineral exploration purposes. It has also been seen that the present study is more reliable in delineating the actual structure associated with mineralized bodies for the 2D vertical and horizontal sheet-type structure. The delineated parameters are in outstanding agreement with the earlier works, borehole information and also updated the actual subsurface structure.
EN
The Southwestern area of Fujian Province in China contains a major metallogenic belt. There have been three major tectonic movements since the Late Paleozoic, and the thrusts here are the main mineral deposits. These occurred between the Early Carboniferous and Late Permian eras. Due to dramatic undulations in the surface and associated complex underground structures, a single geophysical method cannot provide reliable imaging results. This is largely due to difculties in data acquisition and processing. Seismic exploration provides one example. Using this method, raw shot gathers have a low signal-to-noise ratio because of the undulations in the topography. Furthermore, strong lateral velocity variation makes the migration process exceedingly difcult. This means that interpretations of the resulting refection seismic profle give rise to uncertainty. For this reason, two-dimensional refection seismology and controlled source audio-frequency magnetotel lurics (CSAMT) electromagnetic sounding techniques were performed. After initially completing conventional processing on the seismic refection data, subsequent pre-stack depth migration (PSDM) over the rugged topography yielded a much better image. It was able to identify thrust faults and magma intrusions. Then, using CSAMT, inversion was conducted with the same topography as the seismic refection. By combining the migrated seismic profle, inverted resistivity profle, and borehole data, a vertical geological model was constructed. This proved the existence of an overlapped thrust, and it also indicated the possible presence of deeper mineralization.
PL
W 1991 r. dokonano nowelizacji prawa górniczego oraz prawa geologicznego, dostosowując je do nowej sytuacji gospodarczo-politycznej Polski powstałej po 1989 r. Następstwem tych doraźnych dostosowań prawa było uchwalenie w 1994 r. nowoczesnego jednolitego prawa geologicznego i górniczego. Zgodnie z tą ustawą działalność poszukiwawcza i wydobywcza złóż kopalin mogła się odbywać wyłącznie na podstawie koncesji. Ponadto sprecyzowano prawo własności złóż kopalin, wprowadzono opłatę eksploatacyjną jako daninę publiczną z tytułu wydobycia kopalin. W czasie obowiązywania tej ustawy (1994–2011) podlegała ona blisko trzydziestu nowelizacjom usuwającym braki legislacyjne oraz wprowadzającym dyrektywy europejskie. W 2011 r. uchwalono nową ustawę Prawo geologiczne i górnicze (obowiązuje od 1 stycznia 2012 r.). Nowe prawo również podlegało istotnej nowelizacji w 2013 i 2014 r. Okres 1991–2014 był wystarczająco długi, żeby móc dokonać oceny ewolucji prawa oraz jego periodyzacji wraz z określeniem dominujących cech. W artykule przedstawiono dostrzeżone w ustawie braki definicyjne (górotwór, kopalina, złoże kopaliny) oraz potrzebę nowych uregulowań w zakresie kwalifikacji geologicznych czy powołania Państwowej Rady Geologicznej. Ponadto w związku z naruszeniem w ostatnich latach spójności i kompletności rozwiązań prawa geologicznego i górniczego przez nowe inicjatywy legislacyjne podejmowane przez ministra finansów oraz ministra skarbu państwa autor postuluje powołanie komisji kodyfikacyjnej do opracowania nowego całościowego prawa geologicznego i górniczego w postaci kodeksu geologiczno-górniczego.
EN
In 1991, the Polish geological law and mining law were adjusted to the new economical and political conditions, resulting from the recent and sudden transition to capitalism. In 1994, these extemporaneously drafted bills were collected into a single, unified geological and mining law. This law established that exploration and exploitation of geological resources can only take place after a relevant concession has been secured. Additionally, this law provided a detailed definition of mineral deposits’ proprietary rights and introduced the exploitation fee. Throughout the period when this law was in effect (1994-2011), it was amended almost 30 times, in order to address legislative shortcomings and adjust the law to European directives. In 2011, a new geological and mining law was passed (it came into effect on the 1st January, 2012). This new law was significantly amended in both 2013 and 2014. The period between 1991 and 2014 is long enough to assess its evolution and changing character. Most importantly, this paper indicates the current law’s shortcomings: lack of clear definitions of key terms (mineral, mineral deposit, rock mass), and lack of new regulations regarding geological qualifications. Additionally, it is argued that a National Geological Committee should be established. Furthermore, since the coherence of the geological and mining law has been undermined over the years due to numerous amendments initiated by the Ministry of Finance and the Treasury, it is argued here that a Codification Commission should write a new, holistic legal framework in the form of a broad geological and mining legal codex.
EN
Jerzy Kanasiewicz was born on May 9, 1934, in Lwów. In the years 1953-1958 he studied geology at the Mining Institute in Jekaterinburg (Russia - Ural Mts.). In 1958, he began to work in the Geological Insti¬tute in Warszawa, in the Department of Rare and Radio¬active Elements. In 1967, he defended his doctoral thesis titled: "Occurences of rhenium and selenium and some other accompanying elements in the Lower Zechstein cupri¬ferous series of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline". He took part in several scientific expeditions in Asia and Africa, as an expert. In Vietnam (1971), Jerzy Kanasiewicz evaluated industrial potential of the Nam Nam Xe rare earth deposits in the Lao Cai province. He also visited North Korea in 1975. In the years 1979-1981, he worked in India as an expert of the United Nations. He conducted exploration for gold, tin, lithium, niobium and tantalum pegmatite ores, together with Indian geologists. The investigations took place in the state of Madhya Pradesh. He also visited Malaysia at that time, where he had opportunity to acquaint with methods of identifications and documentation ofclastic tin ores of the global importance. In 1982, Jerzy Kanasiewicz visited Libya where was involved in exploration and evaluation of the uranium resources. In mid-1980s, he created an ambitious and innovative program of geochemical-mineralogical researches in the Sudetes and Fore-Sudetic Block. He died untimely in Warszawa on August 24, 1992.
PL
Z nowym prawem geologicznym i górniczym związane były nadzieje na uproszczenie procedur związanych z podjęciem eksploatacji kopalin. Artykuł próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytanie: na ile ustawa rzeczywiście ułatwia nam prowadzenie działalności? Autor skupił się na przepisach samej ustawy oraz nowych rozporządzeniach dotyczących prowadzenia tzw. "robót geologicznych" oraz sporządzania dokumentacji geologicznych. Regulują one pierwszy etap działalności zmierzającej do podjęcia wydobycia kruszyw i innych surowców skalnych.
PL
Zaprezentowano porównanie dwóch rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych platformy przedniej samojezdnej maszyny wiercącej. Przykłady liczbowe uzyskano poprzez rozwiązanie zagadnienia z wykorzystaniem metody elementów skończonych. Przedstawiono wyniki obrazujące jaki wpływ na wytężenie konstrukcji może mieć dowolna zmiana sztywności silnie obciążonych ustrojów.
EN
The article presents the comparison of design solutions of front platform of self-propelled drilling machine. Examples of numerical solution of the problem were obtained by using the finite element method. The results are illustrating the influence on the effort state of the structure, that may have any change in stiffness of the heavily loaded structures.
PL
Z uwagi na wznowienie poszukiwań porfirowych rud Mo-Cu(-W) w skałach paleozoicznych NE obrzeżenia Górnośląskiego Zagłębia Węglowego oceniono możliwość geologiczno-geochemicznej reinterpretacji wyników badań geofizyki otworowej z przełomu lat osiemdziesiątych i dziewięćdziesiątych. Na podstawie analizy wybranych profili wiertniczych z rejonu Myszkowa stwierdzono, że możliwości te w odniesieniu do oceny okruszcowania ograniczone są głównie do wskazania punktowych wystąpień stosunkowo silnej mineralizacji siarczkami miedzi. Wskazano na celowość ponownego wykorzystania geofizyki wiertniczej z zastosowaniem nowoczesnych metod pomiarowych i interpretacyjnych.
EN
Due to the return to mineral prospecting in the NE rim of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland), focused on the Paleozoic Mo-Cu(-W) porphyry mineralization, possibilities of geological and geochemical reinterpretation of the analogue geophysical logging (made in 80/90’s) have been tested on the basis of selected well profiles from the Myszków area. Author believes that the possibility of identification of ores by analysing of geophysical logs remains strongly limited. Only the relatively high copper sulphide mineralization (> 0.6 % Cu) is detectable, mainly by distinct positive anomalies at electrode polarization log (PE), usully accompanied by a decrease in resistivity (KS, PO). Some other geological elements are better expressed, e.g. intrusions can be identified by their higher anomalies documented on gamma-gamma (PGG) log. Fault and/or replacement zones manifest themselves by positive PGG anomalies, and negative PNN and PE ones (obviously, they are visible in the caliper, too). Modern digital techniques of measurements and interpretation are required to get satisfactory results in case of using geophysical logging or MWD during new exploration.
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