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1

Grindability characterization and work index determination of alluvial ferro-columbite deposits for efficient mineral processing

Nzeh Nnaemeka Stanislaus, Adeleke Abraham A., Popoola Patricia Abimbola

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 3

art. no. 170297

EN

This study emphasizes on the physicochemical and grindability characteristics and work index of an alluvial formed silica dominated ferro-columbite mineral from Rayfield-Jos minefields in Plateau state, Nigeria. Investigations were also carried out in order to determine the mineralogy of the mineral deposits and most essentially the actual energy consumed during comminution and milling of the mineral so as to achieve the liberation size prior to high efficient mineral processing or beneficiation and the extraction of value metals. The distribution of the mineral particles as well as their sizes was determined, with a mineral liberation size fraction range essentially established as -150+90 μm particle sizes. Mass percentage of each size fraction obtained from PSD analysis conducted before and after comminution was also determined, obtaining 80% passing for both the mineral feeds and comminuted products. Berry and Bruce modified Bond’s work index was therefore obtained, and was determined to be within the range of 2.0414 to 2.5667 kWh/ton. Hence, the energy consumed or required to comminute or grind the Fe-columbite mineral to 80% passing is expected to fall within the range of 0.3613 to 0.4543 kWh. Thus, it could be said that a low milling work index as well as moderately low energy is required for comminution and this can be attributed to the mineralogy, mineral source and alluvial formation of the mineral reserve. Therefore, the grindability/PSD result of the mineral sample indicates that its mineralogy is considered a class of moderately soft mineral type in terms of texture with easy grindability.

2

The Effect of Different Processing Methods on the Behavior of Minerals Content in Food Products

Alshallash Khalid S., Shahat Mohamed, Ibrahim Mohamed I., Hegazy Ahmed I., Hamdy Ashraf E., Elnaggar Ibrahim A., El-Wahed Abd El-Wahed N. Abd, Taha Ibrahim M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

263--275

EN

The goal of the current study was to determine the mineral content of different fruit varieties (Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu), as well as the effects of various processing methods (such as canning, drying, stewing, syrup process, and concentration of juices). All tested fruits that were subjected to various types of processing were exposed to a degree of mineral loss, varying from very little to high reduction. However, it still retains its nutritional value. All fig products have the greatest levels of most tested minerals, compared to other processed fruit products, particularly P and Fe. In turn, orange products supply higher quantities of Ca. On the other hand, apricot products have a comparable value of other minerals with those found in fig and orange products. Among canned juices, guava had the highest contents of Ca, P, and Fe, while mango scored the first juice as Mg and Zn supplying. Canned apricot halves contain the best amounts of K, Ca, P and Mg than the same products of apple and peach. Among jam products, fig jam has higher amounts of Na, Ca, P, Mg, and Fe than those found in other fruit jams. The concentration of fruit juices by vacuum-heating or dehydration of fruit produced higher mineral retentions than the fruit products that were processed by other techniques. The concentrated orange juice by vacuum-heating processing retained most of the minerals found in raw juice, also dried apricot sheet retained higher minerals than those retained in dehydrated whole apricot.

3

Interakcja wodoru ze skałą zbiornikową

Cicha-Szot Renata, Leśniak Grzegorz

Nafta-Gaz

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2022

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R. 78, nr 8

580--588

PL

Istnieje szereg metod magazynowania wodoru, do których zaliczyć można stosowanie zbiorników napowierzchniowych, wiązanie w wodorkach metali, nanorurkach węglowych, sieciach metaloorganicznych, ciekłych organicznych nośnikach wodoru czy adsorbentach. Jednak to podziemne magazynowanie wodoru w strukturach geologicznych (PMW) wydaje się kluczowe dla rozwiązania problemu długoterminowego magazynowania dużych ilości energii oraz zwiększenia stabilności sieci energetycznej i poprawy wydajności systemów energetycznych. Kryteria wyboru struktury do magazynowania wodoru obejmują szereg czynników technicznych, ekonomicznych, ekologicznych i społecznych. Jednym z najmniej rozpoznanych obszarów badawczych dotyczących PMW jest utrata wodoru in situ wywołana reakcjami geochemicznymi, które mogą wpływać na parametry petrofizyczne oraz wytrzymałość skał uszczelniających. W artykule przeanalizowano reakcje, jakie mogą wystąpić podczas magazynowania wodoru w strukturach geologicznych. Na podstawie studium literaturowego wskazano grupy minerałów, które mogą wpływać na zmiany pojemności magazynowej oraz na czystość gazu. Należą do nich w szczególności węglany, anhydryt, ankeryt i piryt, które stanowiąc skład matrycy skalnej lub cementu, mogą znacząco wpływać na potencjał magazynowy analizowanej struktury. Podczas kontaktu z wodorem minerały te ulegają rozpuszczeniu, w wyniku czego uwalniane są m.in. jony Fe2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO4 2−, HCO3 − , CO3 2−, HS− . Jony te wchodzą nie tylko w skład minerałów wtórnych, ale również na skutek dalszych reakcji z wodorem zanieczyszczają magazynowany nośnik energii domieszkami CH4, H2S i CO2, co ogranicza możliwości dalszego wykorzystania wodoru. Zwrócono również uwagę na możliwość wystąpienia rozpuszczania kwarcu, którego szybkość zależy od stężenia jonów Na+ w solance złożowej oraz pH. Ponadto pH wpływa na reaktywność wodoru i zależy w dużej mierze od temperatury i ciśnienia, które w trakcie pracy magazynu będzie podlegało częstym cyklicznym zmianom. W artykule omówiono wpływ warunków termobarycznych na analizowany proces, co powinno stanowić podstawę do szczegółowej analizy oddziaływania skała–wodór– solanka dla potencjalnej podziemnej struktury magazynowej.

EN

There are several hydrogen storage methods, including surface tanks, metal hydrides, carbon nanotubes, organometallic networks, liquid organic hydrogen carriers, or adsorbents. However, underground hydrogen storage (UHS) appears to be crucial in solving the problem of long-term storage of large amounts of energy, increasing the power grid's stability and improving energy systems' efficiency. The criteria for selecting a hydrogen storage structure include a number of technical, economic, ecological, and social factors. One of the least recognized research areas concerning UHS is the in situ loss of hydrogen caused by geochemical reactions that may affect sealing rocks' petrophysical parameters and strength. The article presents the reactions that may occur during hydrogen storage in geological structures. Based on a literature study, groups of minerals that may affect changes in storage capacity and gas purity have been indicated. These include, in particular, carbonates, anhydrite, ankerite, and pyrite in both the rock matrix and the cement. Upon contact with hydrogen, these minerals dissolve, releasing, among others, Fe2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO4 2– , HCO3 – , CO3 2– , HS– ions. These ions are not only components of secondary minerals but also, as a result of further reactions with hydrogen, pollute the stored energy carrier with admixtures of CH4, H2S and CO2, which limits the possibilities of further hydrogen use. The possibility of quartz dissolution, the rate of which depends on the concentration of Na+ ions in the reservoir brine and the pH, was also noted. Moreover, pH influences the reactivity of hydrogen and depends mainly on temperature and pressure, which will be subject to frequent cyclical changes during the operation of the storage. This review paper discusses the influence of thermobaric conditions on the analyzed process, what should be a base for detailed analysis of the rock-hydrogen-brine interaction for the potential underground storage structure.

4

Obtaining of Functional Product by Mechanical Processing of Secondary Fish Raw Materials

Fatykhov Yuriy, Ageev Oleg, Ivanov Alexander, Jakubowski Marek, Dutkievicz Daniel, Dowgiallo Andrzej

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2020

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Tom 22, cz. 1

51--59

EN

The most competitive fish product is fresh or frozen fillets. The yield of the finished product is 40...50%. Waste from production is sent to livestock, birds for feeding and other purposes, as well as disposed of, which does not correspond to environmental safety. The bone components of fish are valuable secondary raw materials containing a wide range of macro nutrients and minerals. Their most rational use is to obtain biologically active additives on their basis. The object of research is cod bone tissue. The technology of obtaining a natural mineral additive from bone tissue is substantiated. After boiling, the bone tissue is cleared of muscle tissue, while the content of minerals remains high. Vacuum drying of the grinded product allows it to be stored for a long time without compromising its quality. The rational values for vacuum drying of bone waste are given. The conditions of storage of finely grinded mineral bone additive are considered. The ways of its rational industrial use as a biologically active additive are determined.

PL

Najbardziej konkurencyjnym rodzajem produktu rybnego jest świeży lub mrożony filet. W takim przypadku wydajność produktu końcowego wynosi 40...50%. Odpady z produkcji są kierowane na paszę dla zwierząt gospodarskich, ptaków i innych celów, a także są usuwane, co nie odpowiada bezpieczeństwu środowiska. Składniki kostne ryb są cennym surowcem wtórnym zawierającym bogate spektrum makroskładników i minerałów. Najbardziej racjonalnym zastosowaniem jest uzyskanie biologicznie aktywnych dodatków na ich bazie. Jako przedmiot badań wybrano tkankę kostną dorsza. Technologia uzyskiwania naturalnego suplementu mineralnego z tkanki kostnej jest uzasadniona. Po ugotowaniu tkanka kostna uwalnia się od tkanki mięśniowej, a zawartość minerałów pozostaje wysoka. Suszenie próżniowe pokruszonego produktu pozwala przechowywać go przez długi czas bez pogorszenia wskaźników jakości. Podano racjonalne wartości parametrów suszenia próżniowego odpadów kostnych. Uwzględniono warunki przechowywania drobno zmielonych mineralnych suplementów kostnych. Określono sposoby jego racjonalnego zastosowania przemysłowego jako biologicznie aktywnego dodatku.

5

Zastosowanie włókien mineralnych i syntetycznych do zbrojenia rozproszonego mieszanek mineralno-asfaltowych

Juras Antoni, Król Jan

Magazyn Autostrady

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2020

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Nr 5

24--28

PL

W artykule opisano kwestie związane z zastosowaniem włókien mineralnych i syntetycznych do zbrojenia rozproszonego mieszanek mineralno-asfaltowych, takie jak rodzaje włókien oraz ich oddziaływanie na właściwości mieszanki.

EN

The article describes the issues related to the use of mineral and synthetic fibers for dispersed reinforcement of asphalt mixtures, such as the types of fibers and their influence on the properties of the mixture.

6

Geoelektromagnetyzm skał

Gierlotka S.

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2018

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R. 86, nr 8

17--20

7

Osiągnięcia i udział w rozwoju przeróbki surowców mineralnych i utylizacji odpadów Instytutu Metali Nieżelaznych w Gliwicach

Wieniewski A., Myczkowski Z.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne Recykling

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2017

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R. 62, nr 9

3--10

PL

W bieżącym roku (2017) Instytut Metali Nieżelaznych ob-chodzi jubileusz 65-lecia. Pierwotna struktura Instytutu Metali Nieżelaznych powstała w 1952 r. w oparciu o trzy jednostki wy¬łonione z utworzonego w kwietniu 1945 r. Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza, a mianowicie: Zakładu Przeróbki Rud, którym kierował wówczas mgr inż. Henryk Czarkowski, Zakładu Walcownictwa i Rafinacji oraz Zakładu Metalurgii Proszków.

8

Minerały antropogeniczne z energetyki a gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym

Szczygielski T.

Materiały Budowlane

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2015

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nr 12

34--36

9

Perlit jako napełniacz tworzyw termoplastycznych

Frąszczak Z., Królikowski B., Buchelt A.

Przetwórstwo Tworzyw

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2014

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[R.] 20, nr 3 (159)

199--202

PL

W artykule przedstawiono właściwości perlitu oraz możliwości zastosowania tego minerału jako napełniacza w tworzywach termoplastycznych. Jest to szczególnie istotne z punktu widzenia zagospodarowania odpadów technologicznych powstałych w procesie wytwarzania perlitu ekspandowanego jako materiału stosowanego w budownictwie do produkcji materiałów izolacyjnych oraz napełniania betonu.

EN

The properties of perlite and possibilities of its application as a mineral filler for thermoplastic resins have been presented in this paper. This is very important because of the re-use of technological wastes arising in manufacturing of expanded perlite for production of insulating materials and concrete extenders in civilian engineering.

10

The mineral character and geomechanical properties of the transitional rocks from the mesozoic – neogene contact zone in the Bełchatów lignite deposit

Pękala A.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2014

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Vol. 13, iss. 1

10--14

EN

Purpose Beginning more than 30 years ago, opencast lignite mining in the "Bełchatów" area is an important source of accompany-ing minerals. Lignite mining in the "Bełchatów" mine yields, on average, more than 35 million tonnes per annum and re-quires removing more than 110 million cubic meters of overburden. Therefore the mine outside of the main mineral ex-ploitation of lignite, leads to a large-scale economy of accompanying minerals. Part of the minerals are present in the overburden and are exposed on the slopes of the opencast mine; these minerals are selectively exploited in the event of the absence of recipients stored on anthropogenic deposits. The object of this mineralogical-geochemical study is a group of transitional rocks such as opoka-rocks, gaize and marls exposed when contact occurs between Neogene sediments and Mesozoic basement rocks in the "Bełchatów" lignite deposit. In the case of these rocks, during preliminary geological research carried out on the mine, doubt often appear as to their explicit petrographic character and hence their practical use. Advanced mineralogical methods allow mistakes in their identification to be avoided and a geomechanical study indi-cates possible direction of their practical use. Methods The heterogeneous petrographic character of the examined rocks required the use of a broad research spectrum. The fol-lowing microscopes were used in the framework of the mineralogical research: Polarizing Olimpus BX51 and electron (SEM) FEI Quanta 200FEG equipped with an X-ray spectrometer (EDX Genesis) and backscattered electron detector (BSE). In addition, observations were carried out using a cathodoluminescence apparatus, the Cambridge Image Tech-nolgy Ltd CCL 8200 mk3 model, and a polarizing microscope, type Nikon Optiphot 2. Determination of the phase compo-sition (qualitative and quantitative) was made using X-ray diffraction and utilizing the powder method of Debye-Sherrer. An X-ray diffractometer, a Philips PW 3020 X'PERT, was also used in the study. Analyses by Fourier transmission infra-red spectroscopy were performed using the production apparatus BIO-RAD, model FTS 165, equipped with a package of programs for the digital processing of results. The chemical composition was determined by atomic absorption spectrosco-py (AAS) using a spectrophotometer Philips PU 9100Xi Camera SX-100 and atomic emission spectroscopy with induc-tively coupled plasma (ICP AES) using spectrometer 40 PLASMA. The geomechanical properties were determined in accordance with the following standards: open and total porosity (PN-EN 1936:2001) compressive strength in air – dried state (PN-EN 1926:2001), bulk density and density (PN-EN 1936:2001), relative humidity (PN-EN 1925:2001); absorba-bility of stone material (PN-EN 13755:2002) and abrasion on the face of Boehme (PN-84/B-04111). Results Mineralogical-petrographic studies of the transitional rocks showed that the dominant component was SiO2 which was presented in the form of opal type A and CT, chalcedony, quartz and microquartz. In addition, it was found that the rocks studied had been covered by secondary mineralization processes. The observations carried out showed that these rocks underwent primary silicification and decalcination processes, which contributed to the diverse petrographic nature of the rocks studied and secondarily experienced a change in their physico-mechanical properties. The silification process was the result of diagenetic processes taking place within the Neogene argillaceous rocks occurring when a sub-coal series is situated in the immediate vicinity of the bedrock. There was a release of extruded silica-rich water from the clays during the mechanical compaction process. Some amounts of silica may also be derived from plagioclase dissolution and the transformation of terrigenous material, mainly grains of potassium feldspar. The precipitation of silica from porous solutions occurred most when coinciding with the presence of carbonic acid formed by the decomposition of organic substances of vegetable origin. Practical implications The studies carried out have a significant practical implication, as the transitional sediments from the "Bełchatów" lignite deposit can be used in the production of building materials. Originality/ value Against the background of a number of published papers on the rocks accompanying lignite seams there is a lack of the mineralogical-petrographic studies of the transitional sediments in the Mesozoic-Neogene contact zone in the "Bełchatów" lignite deposit taking into account the aspect of raw materials. This paper has been produced to fill the void in this area.

11

Optimization of synthesis conditions of pyromorphite-vanadinite and mimetite-vanadinite solid solution series

Janicka U., Bajda T., Topolska J., Manecki M.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 1

88

EN

Minerals: pyromorphite Pb5(PO4)3Cl, mimetite Pb5(As04)3Cl and vanadinite Pb5(VO4)3Cl belong to the apatite supergroup. Commonly they form in hypergenic conditions. They are best known from the oxidation zones of lead ore deposits. Natural pyromorphite usually contains admixture of arse-nates or vanadates, whereas mimetite or vanadinite contain admixtures of phosphates. Solid solutions of the pyromorphite-mimetite series are well known, while the knowledge about anionie substitutions in vanadinite is incomplete. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find optimal conditions for the synthesis of pyromorphite-vanadinte and mimetite-vanadinite solid solution series. This research will allow to check the range of possible anionie substitutions, formation conditions such as pH, temperature and in, turn, to obtain better knowledge about the properties of these minerals. Pyromorphite, mimetite, vanadinite and pyromorphite-vanadinite and mimetite-vanadinite solid solutions series were synthesized from aqueous solutions. Solutions containing Pb2+, PO43-, AsO43-, VO3- , VO43- and Cl- ions in stoichiometric molar proportions were dropwise mixing. This method of synthesis allows controlling the stoichiometry of the chemical composition of synthetic precipitates. Synthesis reactions were carried out at various pH and at different temperatures (range from 25°C to 85°C). After the synthesis, suspensions were left for two weeks for aging. Then the suspensions were filtered using a Biichner funnel. The precipitates were washed with double-distilled water and acetone, and then dried. Synthetic precipitates were analyzed using various analytical techniques including X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Results of XRD, SEM/EDS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy analyzes of studied samples showed that temperature 25°C and pH = 3.5 are optimal conditions to synthesize pyromorphite-vanadinite and mimetite-vanadinite solid solution series. Chervetite Pb2V2O7 was formed together with studied phases at lower pH values (1.7, 2.2), or higher temperatures (75°C, 85°C). At pH = 11.5, minerals with hydroxyl groups were formed. It has been observed that the formation of pyromorphite-vanadinite and mimetite-vanadinite solid solution series mainly depends on the pH values. The temperature is less important.

12

A Raman spectroscopic study of hydroxyl analogues of pyromorphite-mimetite solid solutions

Giera A., Manecki M., Kwaśniak-Kominek M., Marchlewski T., Borkiewicz O., Rakovan J.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 1

86--87

EN

Pyromorphite Pb10(PO4)6Cl2 and mimetite Pb10(AsO4)6Cl2, minerals belonging to apatite group, receive increased attention recently. Induced precipitation of pyromorphite and mimetite in soil pore solutions or waste solutions belongs to the best remediation and reclamation methods (Ma et al. 1995, Maniecki et al. 2009). These phases are the most stable forms of Pb2+ and As5+ in the environment. Deficiency of Cl in the environment can cause formation of their hydroxyl forms: Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2 and Pb10(AsO4)6(OH)2 or their solid solutions. Apatite structure allows for extensive and varied ionic substitutions in all positions. The isomorphic substitutions affect unitcell parameters and chemical properties of these minerals (Botto et al. 1997). Solid solutions of hydroxyl analogues of pyromorphite and mimetite have not been sufficiently characterized to this day. A detailed description of phases from this series is, however, necessary for optimization of the remediation methods. A Raman spectroscopic study of mimetite-pyromorphite series demonstrated a strong correlation between the positions of the vibrational modes and the As/(As+P) ratio (Bajda et al. 2011). Such a correlation may be used to determine the composition of the examined samples of minerals from the series. The current research is based on the assumption that in the case of solid solutions of their hydroxyl analogues similar correlations occur. Therefore, the aim of this study is structural (X-ray diffraction) and spectroscopic (Raman) investigation of the effect of PO4-AsO4 isomorphic substitution on the structure and vibrational spectra. Seven phases were synthesized in computer-controlled chemistate at pH = 11 and 80°C by dropwise mixing of solutions containing Pb2+, PO4 3- and AsO4 3- in stoichiometric proportions. The composition of the final products was Pb10[(PO4)6-x(AsO4)x(OH)2, where x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. High-resolution powder X-ray diffraction data was obtained using the diffractometer at beamline 11-BM at the Advanced Photon Source (Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago). A detailed Raman spectroscopy was performed with the use of confocal Raman microscope and OMNIC software (AGH Kraków). The morphology and elemental composition of the samples were characterized by means of Fei Quanta variable pressure SEM/EDS (AGH UST Kraków). Moreover, the chemical composition of synthetic phases was determined by wet chemical analysis. Unit cell parameters increase with substitution of AsO4 for PO4 . Parameter a increases from 449.879 Å to 10.189 Å, while parameter c - from 7.427 Å to 7.516 Å. This is consistent with other solid solution series of lead apatites (Flis et al. 2009). The area under selected Raman effects is also strongly correlated with P and As content. Additionally, systematic shift of the position of Raman effects is observed. The band attributed to the (AsO4)3- ν1 symmetric stretching mode shifts from 808 cm-1 in Pb10(AsO4)6(OH)2 to 814 cm-1 in Pb10[(PO4)5(AsO4)](OH)2. The range of the peak positions for the (PO4)3- ν1 symmetric stretching mode is even wider: from 918 cm-1 in Pb10[(PO4)(AsO4)5](OH)2 to 926 cm-1 in Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2. The observed correlations may be used for semi-quantitative estimation of As and P content using non-destructive Raman spectroscopy.

13

Terra mineralia we Freibergu

Probierz K.

Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne

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2012

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Nr 4

86-88

PL

Miasto Freiberg kojarzy się nam z górnictwem rud cynku i ołowiu oraz pozyskiwaniem srebra. Niestety, teraz to jedynie historia, bowiem kopalnie tego rejonu zakończyły wydobywanie cennych kruszców u schyłku lat 60. XX w. Akademia Górnicza we Freibergu, słynna Bergakademie, jest natomiast w dalszym ciągu chlubą tego 40-tysięcznego miasta, położonego w Saksonii u podnóża Gór Kruszcowych, czyli Rudaw, i odległego od polskiej granicy w Zgorzelcu jedynie o ok. 1,5 godziny jazdy samochodem.

14

Wytwarzanie preparatu mikroelementowego z cynkiem do pasz w skali półtechnicznej. Cz. 2, Ocena właściwości użytkowych produktu

Witkowska Z., Chojnacka K., Zielińska A., Zdunek M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2011

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T. 90, nr 5

1069-1071

15

Sposób wytwarzania nowego preparatu mikroelementowego z cynkiem do pasz. Cz. 1, Produkcja w skali półtechnicznej

Witkowska Z., Chojnacka K., Zielińska A.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2011

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T. 90, nr 5

1066-1068

16

Kopalina z pokładów "Dunino" jako nanosurowiec do otrzymywania farb

Kuczyńska H., Kamińska-Tarnawska E., Sołtys J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2011

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T. 90, nr 1

138-147

17

Podstawy prawno-organizacyjne prowadzenia działalnooeci gospodarczej w sektorze geologiczno-górniczym w Socjalistycznej Republice Wietnamu

Jasiński A. W.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2011

|

Vol. 59, nr 3

211-211

EN

Main frames of the now-a-day Law of Vietnam on prospecting, exploration, mining and processing of minerals has been presented. Within the scope of this article are included : Mineral Law (provides for the management, protection and basic geological surveys of mineral resources and mineral activities including prospecting, exploring, mining and processing of minerals in solid and gaseous forms, mineral water and natural thermal water, except oil and gas and other types of natural water, which shall be subjected to separate legal regulations), Law on amendments and supplement of some articles of the Mineral Law (amends and supplements some articles of the above mentioned Mineral Law) and Decree of the Government stipulating detailed provisions on the implementation of the law on amendment and supplement of some articles of the Mineral Law (provides detailed regulations for the implementation of the Mineral Law and of the Law on amendments and supplement of some articles of the Mineral Law). The possibilities of the geological mining activities of foreign entrepreneurs in Vietnam have been presented. Some indications of the legal-organizational origin, valuable to undertake successful activity, have been suggested.

18

The application of public geological data in description of raw materials for hydrometallurgical processes

Pietarsaari S., Rintala L., Aromaa J.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2011

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Vol. 46

131-144

EN

This paper describes a method for getting the geological, mineralogical and geochemical information from an ore deposit or prospect area and its ore body. The information is needed to select a suitable hydrometallurgical processing method. Usually the first step is to go through expensive and timeconsuming field explorations and a number of rock sample analyzing processes. By using existing public deposit information for that purpose, it could be possible to save time and money. A literature study was done about possible sources of public geological information related to world's ore mineral deposits. The study included also a couple of experimental cases where the information-searching procedure was tested in practice. The test minerals were gold and lateritic nickel. The results of the tests show that there are different kinds of mineral deposit databases and that in most cases it is possible to find the needed information. It was found that there are benefits in this type of information gathering system, but there are also some downsides such as the reliability of information.

PL

Artykuł opisuje metodę pozyskiwania danych geologicznych, geochemicznych i mineralogicznych dla złóż rud i obszarów poszukiwania złóż. Informacje te są potrzebne w celu ustalenia optymalnych metod przeróbki hydrometalurgicznej. Pierwszym etapem w takim przypadku są zwykle kosztowne i długotrwałe badania geologiczne połączone z licznymi analizami próbek skał. Można zaoszczędzić dużo czasu i pieniędzy posługując się w tym celu ogólnie dostępnymi informacjami na temat złóż. Przeprowadzono literaturowe poszukiwania ogólnodostępnych danych geologicznych na temat światowych złóż minerałów. W pracy opisano również kilka przykładów praktycznego zastosowania opisanych procedur poszukiwania informacji. Przykłady te dotyczyły minerałów laterytowych niklu oraz złota. Rozważane przykłady pokazały, że istnieje wiele różnych baz danych o złożach minerałów i w większości przypadków można znaleźć niezbędne dane. Stwierdzono, że korzystanie z tego typu metod może przynieść korzyści, trzeba się jednak liczyć z ograniczona wiarygodnością tak pozyskanych informacji.

19

Nanometer-sized mineral grains and their genetic types in meteorites

Semenenko V. P., Girich A. L., Shkurenko K. O., Kychan N. V., Shyrinbekova S. N., Gorovenko T. M.

Meteorites

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2011

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Vol. 1, No. 1

13-19

EN

Three genetically different types of nanometer-sized mineral grains in meteorites can be distinguished based on literature and original data: (a) primitive condensates, (b) metamorphic grains, and (c) weathering products. The first of these groups were formed by condensation in a gas-dust nebula in either a presolar or solar environment. Metamorphic grains were formed as a result of thermal, shock or aqueous metamorphism on the meteorite parent bodies. The third type can clearly be characterized as terrestrial weathering products, which are generally found in meteorite finds and are rare or absent within meteorites recovered shortly after having fallen. Nanometric components are found predominantly within the fine-grained silicate material of primitive meteorites. It is suggested that enhanced accretional properties of nanometer-sized grains could be responsible for the primary accretion of condensed nanoglobules within a protoplanetary nebula. The nature of nanometer-sized inclusions of native W and native Ag originally discovered in the Krymka chondrite is preliminarily discussed.

20

Kaolin - ważny minerał przemysłowy

Lex M.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2008

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R. 64, nr 3

148-149