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Historyczne mapy górnicze źródłem danych geologicznych – przykład interpretacji struktur glacitektonicznych z terenu Zielonej Góry

Gontaszewska-Piekarz A., Szczepankowska M.

Hereditas Minariorum

2018

Vol. 5

251--260

Praca przedstawia analizę przedwojennych map górniczych, którą wykonano dla fragmentu terenu Zielonej Góry. Mapy te zawierają dane dotyczące położenia eksploatowanego pokładu węgla i oparte są na bezpośrednich pomiarach w pokładzie. Na ich podstawie wykreślono przekroje geologiczne, pokazujące przestrzenne położenie pokładu węgla brunatnego, a co za tym idzie, struktur glacitektonicznych. Typ oraz przebieg struktur uzyskanych z analiz map jest generalnie zgodny ze schematem budowy geologicznej, jaką zaprezentowano na Szczegółowej Mapie Geologicznej Polski (łuski i fałdy o biegu SW-NE), stwierdzono jednak dodatkowo glacitektoniczne zaburzenia drugorzędne.

A part of lignite deposits which occur in Lubusz Province relates to glacetectonically disturbed structures. In the case of Zielona Góra, it is a moraine formed during the Warta glaciation. Glacitectonic deformations caused the formation of lignite seams. The consequence of these deformations is the spatially variable and difficult to interpret geological structure. Lignite mines, which operated in the area of Zielona Góra until 1946, provide a lot of data on the Miocene deposits containing lignite. Mining maps indicate, among others, the layout of mine galleries and the range of old working. This allows a fairly accurate reproduction of the structure of glacitectonic structures, because the lignite layer is their most readable part. For the fragment of Zielona Góra (near Godlewskiego Street, south-west part of the town) the analysis of available mining maps in the scale 1:1000 was performed, comparing the results with data available from drillings and the general geological model. On the basis of mining maps containing measurements made directly in the lignite seam, simplified geological cross-sections were drawn up showing the lignite deposits. Despite the fact that the maps provide data referring to the lignite seam exclusively, they enabled drawing up geological cross-sections showing the layout of glacitectonic structures. The lignite seam is located within the deformed Miocene sediments, so knowing its location, it is possible to reconstruct the layout of glacitectonic structures and the type of deformation. According to the information found the seam is about 70 m deep. The deposit forms an anticline (so-called saddle) several dozen meters wide. The northern wing of the anticline is situated at a large angle, sometimes is even vertical, while the southern wing is situated at an angle of around 30-40 degrees. Furthermore, secondary foldings, which form a depression at the apex of the anticline, were found. The prior interpretation of glacitectonic structures, presented on geological maps and in various papers related to the geological structure of Zielona Góra, was based on data from drillings, as well as (in a substantial minority) on open pits, for example in nearby clay mines. This interpretation was very difficult, especially in the case of a small number of deep drillings. The analysis of data referring to the location of the lignite seam, obtained from mining maps confirms the general geological structure. The analysis of mining maps shows that the width (understood as the distance between the wings) of the anticlines present in the discussed area does not usually exceed 100 m. In addition, these anticlines are also characterized by secondary deformations. Glacitectonic structures visible on the obtained cross-sections are fully consistent with the deformation model presented by Kupetz.