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1

Proper control of working conditions as a stimulator for reducing the incidence of pneumoconiosis in the coal mining industry

Mocek Kinga, Mocek Piotr

Mining Machines

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2023

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vol. 41, iss. 2

93--106

EN

Statistical data on occupational diseases recorded by the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Lodz, Poland, indicate a renewed increase in the number of cases of pneumoconiosis in Poland in recent years, especially in the PKD section of mining and quarrying industries. At the same time, in 2018 as a result of the implementation of directives of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, the changes were introduced to the Polish legislation in the area of protection of workers from the risk of exposure to carcinogenic or mutagenic agents related to the respirable fraction of crystalline silica found, among others, in mine dust. As a result of these solutions, since 2020 we have seen a spike in the number of miners employed in conditions of risk of carcinogenic dust. These facts indicate that despite the wide measurement of harmful factors in coal mines, the effectiveness of preventive measures taken does not bring tangible benefits, and OSH services have problems with the proper assessment of industrial dust hazards at workplaces. In the article, based on surveys, diagnostic (health) tests of workers and verification of the risk assessment methods used, the authors try to point out the most common mistakes made in estimating the level of risk associated with exposure to industrial dust.

2

Mine dust - as a cause of respiratory diseases of miners

Mocek Piotr, Mocek Knga

Mining Machines

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2022

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vol. 40, iss. 2

98--109

EN

The risk of industrial dust in the work process is one of the greatest challenges not only in Europe but also in the modern world, where over a million people die each year from pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases. In Poland, one of the most numerous groups of employees constantly exposed to polluted air at the workplace are miners employed in hard coal mines, who in 2021 they accounted for 89.8% of all exposed persons in Poland (34,876 employees). In order to assess the impact of industrial dust hazards on the health of miners, employees of the Department of Safety Engineering of the Silesian University of Technology, in cooperation with students of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin and a pulmonology specialist, conducted a pilot assessment of the effects of long-term exposure of employees of the preparatory departments of mine X to mine dust. The scope of diagnostic tests included: interview with the patient, physical and spirometric tests. Among the surveyed miners, 18.4% had various disorders and changes in the respiratory system, including the diagnosed pneumoconiosis. The article describes the health effects of long-term exposure of miners to mine dust and the partial results of the diagnostic tests.

3

Zwilżacze jako element pyłowej profilaktyki przeciwwybuchowej w polskim górnictwie węgla kamiennego

Cybulski K., Wieczorek A., Malich B.

Przegląd Górniczy

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2015

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T. 71, nr 12

62--66

PL

Walka z zagrożeniem wybuchem pyłu węglowego opiera się na stosowaniu pyłowej profilaktyki przeciwwybuchowej. Jedną, z linii obrony, przynoszącą bardzo dobre rezultaty jest neutralizacja pyłu węglowego poprzez zraszanie i zmywanie wodą. Na skuteczność tych działań ogromny wpływ ma zjawisko zwilżalności pyłu węglowego. Pyły węglowe występujące w większości polskich kopalń są pyłami trudno zwilżalnymi, co spowodowane jest zbyt dużym napięciem powierzchniowym wody. Aby uzyskać odpowiednią skuteczność zmywania oraz zraszania należy stosować środki powierzchniowo czynne, tzw. zwilżacze. W artykule omówiono zjawisko zwilżalności pyłów węglowych oraz sposób działania i właściwości dostępnych na polskim rynku zwilżaczy.

EN

The struggle with the threat of coal dust explosion is based upon the usage of dust counter-explosive prevention. One of the lines of defense, which brings very good results, is the neutralization of coal dust through sprinkling and washing with water. The phenomenon of coal dust wettability has an enourmous impact on the effectiveness of these actions. Coal dust which occurs in the majority of Polish mines is hard-wettable which is caused by too high surface tension of water. In order to obtain the suitable effectiveness of washing and sprinkling it is necessary to use surface-active agents, so called dampers. The phenomenon of wettability of coal dust as well as the way of action and properties of dampers available on the Polish market were discussed in this paper.

4

Metody i środki zwalczania zagrożeń pyłowych i metanowych w górnictwie węglowym

Bałaga D., Jedziniak M., Kalita M., Siegmund M., Szkudlarek Z.

Maszyny Górnicze

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2015

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R. 33, nr 3

68--81

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę zagrożeń pyłowych i metody ich ograniczania w zakładach górniczych węgla kamiennego. Omówiono budowę i zasadę działania wybranych urządzeń do zwalczania zapylenia oraz urządzeń odpylających projektowanych w ITG KOMAG. Zaprezentowano wyniki prac badawczych i wdrożeniowych potwierdzających efektywność zwalczania zapylenia, szczególnie na stanowiskach pracy w wyrobiskach górniczych.

EN

Problems of dust hazards and methods for their elimination in hard coal mining plants are presented. Design and principle of operation of the selected devices for elimination of dust hazard and devices for dust control designed by KOMAG Institute of Mining Technology are discussed. The results of research and implementation work, confirming the effectiveness of elimination of dust hazard, especially at workplaces in mine workings, are given.

5

Experimental study of coal dust deposition in mine workings with the use of empirical models

Prostański D.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2015

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Vol. 14, iss. 2

108--114

EN

Empirical models, developed on the basis of the results of tests on dust deposition and changes in concentration of dust in the protective zone, are the proposed tools to reduce risk of coal dust explosion. The paper presents possible applications of such models to assess and monitor volume of dust in a protective zone. Underground tests were conducted in the tailgate and headgate of longwall 121 of Brzeszcze Coal Mine. Basing on the analysis, the empirical models describing relationship between changes in dust concentration, and dust deposition in a protective zone of roadways: headgate and tailgate of longwall 121 in Brzeszcze Coal Mine, were developed. The developed models show a possibility of predicting explosive dust deposition in a protective zone. After additional research is run, it is planned to generalise the developed empirical model, which will enable monitoring of protective zones.

6

Evaluation of the effectiveness of coal and mine dust wetting

Cybulski K., Malich B., Wieczorek A.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2015

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Vol. 14, iss. 2

83--92

EN

One of the methods of fighting the risk of coal dust's explosion is its neutralization through washing and misting of mining sediment which lays on the mining excavation and through misting on the organs of hewer machines or on the dumpings and inundations of mining product's output. Coal dust, especially its smallest fractions which create the biggest risk of explosion, is generally the substance which cannot be easily moistened by water. Water solutions of different wetting agents are applied in hard bituminous coal mines in order to enhance the effectiveness of coal dust's moistening during the washing and misting. Therefore it is indicated to conduct research and evaluate the effectiveness of its effects in order to select optimally the type of wetting agents and their concentration in water solutions depending on coal dust's properties (type of coal the particular dust comes from) and on percentage participation of non-inflammable parts which are constant in mine dust. This paper presents a method to evaluate the effectiveness of coal or mine dust's moistening conducted with the use of water solutions of wetting agents in order to deprive the dust of its volatility, is based on the method of measurement of time of complete moistening of that dust's one-gram samples with the use of “pure” water or water solutions of the particular wetting agent.

7

Metoda oznaczania zawartości wody przemijającej i higroskopijnej w pyłach kopalnianych

Malich B., Wieczorek A., Raudner W., Tetla M.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2015

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nr 5

14--24

PL

Podstawą utrzymywania wymaganego poziomu bezpieczeństwa pracy w górnictwie jest właściwe monitorowanie zagrożeń naturalnych. W zakresie zwalczania zagrożenia wybuchem pyłu węglowego służby pyłowe w kopalniach zobowiązane są do okresowej kontroli poziomu zabezpieczenia pyłu kopalnianego przed wybuchem pyłu węglowego. Kontrola ta polega między innymi na oznaczaniu zawartości części niepalnych i wody w zalegającym pyle kopalnianym oraz na pomiarze intensywności osiadania pyłu. Obecnie oznaczenie zawartości wody w pyłach kopalnianych wykonuje się na podstawie Polskich Norm dotyczących paliw stałych, które jednak nie uwzględniają właściwości pyłów kopalnianych. W artykule przedstawiono opracowaną w Kopalni Doświadczalnej „Barbara” GIG metodę oznaczania zawartości wody przemijającej i higroskopijnej w pyłach kopalnianych oraz wyniki pomiarów przeprowadzonych w celu weryfikacji metody.

EN

The basis of maintenance of required safety level of work in mining is the appropriate monitoring of natural dangers. In the range of fight against danger of coal dust explosion, dust service is obliged to periodic control of level of protection of mining dust against coal dust explosion. This control depends, among others, on marking of contents of incombustible parts and water in behindhand mining dust and, on measurement of intensity of dust subsidence. Currently, marking of water content in mining dust is performed on the basis of Polish Standards concerning solid fuel which, however, do not take into account the properties of mining dust. Developed in The Department of Fight against Dust Dangers of “Barbara” Experimental Mine method of marking of the transient water and hygroscopic water content in mining dust and the results of measurements performed in order to verify this method, are presented in the article.