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Mass Occurrences of Millipedes in Times of Global Climate Change

Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara, Jung Monika

Polish Hyperbaric Research

2020

nr 4(73)

81--88

There had been recorded a rise in global average temperature by 1.5°C since pre-industrial times. It promotes the spread of diseases carried by vectors and mass occurrence of arthropods. Millipede can carry infectious agents, invade homes and farms, cause skin irritation in case of exposure to their excretions.The aim of the study was to find information about mass appearances of millipedes and identify the places and periods where it happens. A systematic review of publications available in online scientific databases and the library of the Medical University of Lublin was performed. As many as 5 reports about mass occurrence of millipede were from Japan, 3 from Brazil, 3 from Australia 2 from Germany and Hungary, and single publications from Romania, Norway, Poland and Madagascar. In Japan the 8-year periodicity of millipede outbreaks was observed. Japan and Australia encounter problems at railway due to these organisms. In other countries they are nuisance to people when they enter their dwellings and pose a burden in farming and gardening therefore mechanical, chemical and biological methods of millipede control are tested. On the other hand millipede help in composting organic waste. In conclusion: global climate change is accompanied by an increase in frequency of mass occurrences of millipedes.

Od czasów przedindustrialnych odnotowano wzrost średniej temperatury na świecie o 1,5°C. Sprzyja to rozprzestrzenianiu się chorób przenoszonych przez wektory oraz masowemu występowaniu stawonogów. Krocionogi mogą przenosić czynniki zakaźne, atakować domy i gospodarstwa, powodować podrażnienia skóry w przypadku kontaktu z ich wydzielinami. Celem badań było znalezienie informacji o masowych pojawach krocionogów oraz identyfikacja miejsc i okresów, w których to się dzieje. Dokonano systematycznego przeglądu publikacji dostępnych w internetowych bazach naukowych i bibliotece Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie. Aż 5 doniesień o masowym występowaniu krocionogi pochodziło z Japonii, 3 z Brazylii, 3 z Australii, 2 z Niemiec i Węgier oraz pojedyncze publikacje z Rumunii, Norwegii, Polski i Madagaskaru. W Japonii zaobserwowano 8-letnią cykliczność masowego występowania krocionogów. Japonia i Australia mają problemy na kolei z powodu tych organizmów. W innych krajach są one uciążliwe dla ludzi, gdy wchodzą do ich mieszkań i stanowią obciążenie w rolnictwie i ogrodnictwie, dlatego testowane są mechaniczne, chemiczne i biologiczne metody zwalczania krocionogów. Z drugiej strony krocionogi pomagają w kompostowaniu odpadów organicznych. Podsumowując: globalnym zmianom klimatu towarzyszy wzrost częstotliwości masowych pojawów krocionogów

Milipede (Diplopoda) communities in agricultural landscape: influence of management form

Stašiov S., Hazuchová L., Vician V., Kočík K., Svitok M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2014

Vol. 62, nr 3

587--598

Currently, the alternative forms of management are increasingly applied in agriculture. Although their less negative impact on environment is generally supposed, there is still a lack of a reliable data about their real favourability for the abundance and diversity of soil invertebrates, including millipedes. Therefore, the aim of our study was to find out, whether the form of agricultural management affects the structure of millipede communities and hence, the performance of their functions in soil ecosystems. The research was carried out using pitfall trapping through growing seasons 2005 to 2007 on the model territory of Agricultural Cooperative (AC) Očová (Central Slovakia). Millipedes were captured at four pairs of sites (8 sites in total). The same cultivated crop (wheat, barley, alfalfa or permanent law) with application of two different forms of agricultural management (conventional form and sustainable form with basic sustainable agro-environmental scheme) was characteristic of each pair of sites. The research results disclosed that the management form plays a significant role, especially in such agrocoenoses, in which the same crop is cultivated for several years (e.g. sites with alfalfa or permanent lawn), i.e., on the sites without ploughing or other similar agrotechnical measures. In these cases, the sites with the sustainable agro-environmental scheme had higher species richness (8 and 9 species) and higher total abundance of millipede communities (2.2 and 5.7 ind. collected per one day and one trap) than the sites with the conventional form of agrotechnical management (5 and 5 species, 0.09 and 0.3 ind. collected per one day and one trap). In order to obtain a more detailed knowledge about the impact of agricultural management forms on millipede communities, this kind of research should be carried out in different conditions (other crops, soil conditions, climate zones, etc.) as well.