Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Wybrane wojskowe środki transportu jako ważna część wydatków obronnych polski w latach 2012-2022

Brożyna Ewa

Studia Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego

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2023

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R. 13, Nr 27

33--44

PL

Każdego roku Polska przeznacza fundusze na utrzymanie i modernizację wojska. Celem artykułu jest analiza zmian wielkości oraz struktury wydatków obronnych Polski na przestrzeni lat 2012-2022, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wydatków na wojskowe środki transportowe. Przestawiona zostanie również prognoza wielkości wydatków obronnych na najbliższe lata. Podjęcie niniejszego tematu wydaje się zasadne ze względu na to, że w związku z agresją Rosji na Ukrainie polityka obronna państw członkowskich NATO, w tym również Polski, dynamicznie się zmienia. Widoczny jest wyraźny trend do zwiększania wydatków obronnych i rozbudowy potencjału wojskowego, a także do modernizacji technicznej wojska. W dalszej części artykułu zaprezentowane zostały również wybrane zamówione lub niedawno pozyskane środki transportowe dla Wojska Polskiego. Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy i został przygotowany w oparciu o analizę dokumentów źródłowych, literaturę przedmiotu oraz dane statystyczne. W pracy przyjęto następujące hipotezy badawcze: Wydatki obronne Polski mają tendencję wzrostową. Wojskowe środki transportowe stanowią ważną część wydatków obronnych Polski. W ostatnich latach Polska pozyskuje nowoczesne wojskowe środki transportu. Pozyskiwanie śmigłowców wojskowych to ważny cel, na który przeznaczane są wydatki obronne Polski. Wydatki obronne Polski w najbliższych latach będą zwiększane. Wszystkie hipotezy postawione w niniejszym artykule znalazły potwierdzenie. Szczegółowa analiza dowiodła, że wydatki obronne Polski mają tendencję wzrostową, a ważną część tych wydatków stanowią wojskowe środki transportowe, w tym zwłaszcza śmigłowce wojskowe. Dowiedziono też, że w ostatnich latach Polska podpisała wiele kosztownych umów na pozyskanie nowoczesnych wojskowych środków transportowych. Wszystko wskazuje na to, że w najbliższej przyszłości nadal widoczny będzie trend wzrostowy wydatków obronnych Polski. Można spodziewać się też, że pozyskiwane będą nowe środki transportowe, a dotychczasowe modernizowane.

EN

Every year Poland allocates funds for the maintenance and modernization of the army. The aim of the article is to analyze changes in the size and structure of Poland's defense spending over the years 2012-2022, with particular emphasis on spending on military means of transport. Aforecast of the amount of defense spending forthe coming years will also be presented. Taking up this topic seems justified due to the fact that in connection with Russia's aggression in Ukraine, the defense policy of NATO member states, including Poland, is changing dynamically. There is a clear trend towards increasing defense spending and expanding military potential, as well as towards technical modernization of the army. The further part of the article also presents selected ordered or recently acquired means of transport for the Polish Army. The article is of a review character and has been prepared on the basis of an analysis of source documents, literature on the subject and statistical data. The following research hypotheses were adopted in the work: Poland's defense spending has an upward trend. Military transport means constitute an important part of Poland's defense expenditure. In recent years, Poland has been acquiring modern military means of transport. The acquisition of military helicopters is an important goal for which Poland's defense spending is allocated. Poland's defense spending will be increased in the coming years. All hypotheses put forward in this article have been confirmed. Adetailed analysis has shown that Poland's defense expenditures have an upward trend and an important part of these expenditures are military means of transport, in particular military helicopters. It has also been proven that in recent years Poland has signed many costly contracts for the acquisition of modern military means of transport. Everything indicates that the upward trend in Poland's defense spending will continue to be visible in the near future. It can also be expected that new means of transport will be acquired and the existing ones modernized.

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Finansowanie celów militarnych w Polsce - wybrane aspekty teoretyczne w kontekście ustawy o obronie ojczyzny oraz praktyka

Gębska Marta

Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia

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2023

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R. 52, z. 167

193--205

PL

Artykuł ukazuje główne zasady finansowania celów militarnych w Polsce w oparciu o ustawę o obronie Ojczyzny, w zestawieniu ich z praktyką przed jej wprowadzeniem oraz od 2022 r. Autorka ukazuje rolę, funkcje i zasady finansowania Funduszu Wsparcia Sił Zbrojnych, podstawowe wydatki na cele militarne, współpracę międzynarodową Polski w zakresie inwestycji militarnych, problemy finansowania tych inwestycji, szczególnie w kontekście zwiększającego się zadłużenia państwa, konieczności uruchomienia instrumentów dłużnych oraz zawieszonych, niemal od początku pandemii Covid-19, wymagań Unii Europejskiej w zakresie limitów deficytu budżetowego i długu publicznego.

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To predict military spending in China based on ARIMA and artificial neural networks models

Kuo K.-C., Chang C.-Y., Lin W.-C.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2013

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R. 89, nr 3b

176--181

EN

This study takes the initiative to forecast China’s military spending based on autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models and artificial neural networks (ANNs) models. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) approach is applied to measure prediction accuracy. The results indicate that these single variable ARIMA models show higher accuracy and stability than those made by the single variable ANNs models across the four time periods, namely the short term (1 year), the medium term (3 years), the medium-long term (5 years), and the long term (10 years). As to multiple variable ANNs models, the prediction accuracy of each model with different variables has advantages in different time periods. The highest accuracy for the long term predictions among all of the multivariate models is made by ANN2 including China’s military spending and GDP. ANN3 including variables of China’s military spending, GDP, and inflation rates illustrates the most accurate prediction for the short term and medium-long term, while ANN4 including China’s military spending, GDP, inflation rates, and Taiwan’s military spending shows the highest accuracy for the medium term prediction. This concludes the contributions of this study.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy dotyczącej przewidywanych wydatków Chin na militaria, opracowanej na podstawie modelu autoregresji (ang. ARIMA) oraz sztucznych sieci neuronowych (ANN). Dokładność predykcji oparta została na funkcji średniej wartości absolutnej procentowego uchybu. Badania wykazują, że model ARIMA ma wyższą dokładność i stabilność niż model oparty na ANN w odniesieniu do czterech, różnych okresów (1, 3, 5, 10 lat), przy czym dla ANN badanie wykonano dla czterech wartości dokładności predykcji.

4

Wydatki wojskowe NATO w pierwszej dekadzie XXI wieku

Kurek S. T.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2010

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nr 4(81)

215-229

EN

Finances make one of the most important ties connecting security and the system of national economy. Therefore, taking into consideration the character of contemporary armed conflicts, this statement gains more and more importance. Supporting such a stance, the author of the article wants to present synthetically the number of NATO military expenditures and changes that have undergone in this economic area, particularly in financial bases of NATO's power in the first decade of the 21st century. Such a definition of this area caused that the article raises issues of military expenditures global quota in the world, shaping tendency of defence expenditures in NATO countries and the idea of financing political and military activities undertaken by the Alliance (managing the common budget). The author shows explicitly a constant tendency of great diversification of the military expenditure levels in selected NATO countries and the lack of NATO's final consensus in reference to the system of financing future common tasks within the Alliance, what does not augur well both in the context of this organization's capabilities and management.

5

Tendencje w wydatkach wojskowych Polski w latach 2001-2004

Stańczyk K., Płaczek J.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2005

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nr 3(60)

119-128

EN

The goal of this article is to diagnose military expenditures of our country during the last four years. The analysis of this process is necessary not only for our politicians but also for soldiers, economists, but most and foremost for our citizens. It is important to inform the nation in every democratic country how its military forces are trained, equipped and financed. During the period from 2001 to 2004 the budget of MON (Ministry of National Defence underwent positive transformation both in the range of global amount of expenditures, structure and dynamics. From its GDP, Poland spent around 1.95% while from the National Budget about 8.2%. The increasing trend of MON budgetary expenditures has been visible since 2002 in the range between 2.0 and 4.2%, while the 2004 budget was higher by 8.6% than the 2001 one. The average yearly pace of that increase versus 2001 was 2.8%. Property expenditures occurred during that time. They covered purchases of military armament and equipment as well as construction investments. They amounted to the total MON Budget in the following numbers: 9.5% in 2001, 12.7% in 2002. 13.6% in 2003 and 16.3% in 2004 (including funds from the so called “aircraft reserve’’ - 17.2%). The property expenditures (in constant 2004 prices) doubled, out of which 85.3% was devoted to purchases of armament and military equipment. Current expenditures remain at a relatively steady level. In 2004 they were around 3.5 billion USD. In order to achieve such a significant increase of military expenditures, the National Defence Department undertook many painful for the military society decisions (reduction of employment, disbanding military bases). Unfortunately, they were unavoidable.

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Klasyfikacja wydatków obronnych NATO i ONZ

Fałkowski A.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2000

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nr 2(39)

226-235

EN

The article discusses the classification principles of defence expenditures that are applied in NATO for analytical tasks, comparisons, evaluations of particular countries’ possibilities in the joint defence planning aspect and unification of information on the member states potentials. Appropriate comparisons to the UN defence expenditures classification and the system used in the Polish Armed Forces have been conducted at the same time.

7

Zarys zagadnień budżetu obronnego

Sokołowski A.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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1998

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nr 2(31)

138-144

EN

Defence budget is one of the state budget components. Financial resources are included in the resources of state economic-defence potential. The basic division of the state budget and expenditures on national defence have been described. The distribution of defence expenditures in the framework of the State Defence System, the distribution of military expenditures (MoD budget) including , have been presented. These expenditures, their decreasing tendency and their share in GNP and in the state budget have been seized. For comparison reasons, the share of military expenditures in GNP of NATO countries have been given and also the forecast of military expenditures for Poland to 2012.

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Finansowe uwarunkowania zwiększenia potencjału bojowego sił zbrojnych RP w latach 1998-2002

Jaśkowski K., Płaczek J.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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1998

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nr 2(31)

146-159

EN

The aim of this article is to present in what degree financial means forecast to purchase equipment allow to satisfy the armed forces demands to maintain the necessary for Poland’s security level of combat potential. It is also important to answer if there is a possibility to increase our armed forces combat potential to 2002 with existing and forecast Ministry of National Defence financial limitations. Basing on the analyses mentioned above, one can make a conclusion that the amounts of financial means forecast on technical modernisation in 1998-2002 do not reflect our armed forces’ real needs and they do not guarantee the combat potential increase and even maintaining the present state. The authors conclude that without efficient help of the government a significant combat potential improvement and armed forces modernisation cannot be expected in the period under consideration. Taking into account the state difficult financial situation, we should attempt efforts to gain on preferential conditions (leasing, hiring, free transference) for state to the art technologies and ordinance from countries, members of NATO.