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Zimna fuzja deuteru : czyli nieustająca rewitalizacja błędnej idei

Zagórski Z.P.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2007

[Z] 61, 11-12

963-984

Motivation of the present paper is the new interest in the so called "cold fusion" of deuterium. The author, former electrochemist and presently a radiation chemist, was involved in writing a paper expressing criticism toward original Fleischmann and Pons [1], next called F&P "discovery", after experimental trials performed to repeat the claims. Actual efforts to revive an old idea of the D+D reaction in palladium electrode during electrolysis of heavy water consist in application of a new kind of palladium cathode, additional electric and magnetic fields around the electrolytic cell and experiments with polymeric detector, supposed to show nuclear disintegration of palladium and other strange nuclear transmutations. These new approaches to the almost twenty year old idea did not bring revelations in the field of energetics, therefore the nowadays reaction of popular media is far less enthusiastic than the original outburst of curiosity after the F&P paper. The author of the present paper analyses the artifacts and wishful thinking approach seen in publications, indicating that the problem of cold fusion is still unsolved, as it was at the beginning. The whole field belongs to the category of pathological science, like previously polywater, water with the memory of the solute present before dilution, etc.. However, almost all other cases of pathological science have died quietly, the remaining interest in cold fusion asks for an explanation. The international conferences devoted to cold fusion convene frequently every second year or every year, the only change is, that recently the term cold fusion is no longer used but is substituted by enigmatic LENR (low energy nuclear reaction) and CANR (chemically assisted nuclear reaction). In the meantime between different versions of F&P approaches, another cold version of D+D fusion in perdeuterated acetone appeared as so called sonofusion, lasting as pathological science even shorter. Financial support for cold fusion still exists, sometimes by organizations that wish to remain anonymous. The author of the review draws attention to the fact, that presently the majority of affiliations of authors of papers, and financial supports of civil laboratories are connected with military (USNavy) research and more general weaponry research, like in the case of DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Project Agency). The reason is probably a hope, that creation of a true neutron bomb can be achieved, because the actual one is an ordinary nuclear device with enhanced yields of neutrons only. Vivid interest in cold fusion in Japan is connected with the fear, that some nuclear achievements may escape the attention, as it was the case of what happened in 1945. The last but not least reason for the interest in cold fusion are the controversial European projects of ITER and HiPER trying to develop the high temperature fusion power plants, with an active zone of nuclear reaction heated to 100 million degrees K. Among many unsolved objections, the link between that zone and economic production of electric current is prohibited by actual physical and chemical laws. Therefore physicists involved in the projects are aware of difficulties and express interest in approaches to cold fusion ideas, especially in chemical aspects connected with solving, perhaps, difficult problems, e.g. from the area of material science.

Analiza błędów w badaniach wojskowych

Spustek H.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

2000

nr 2(39)

92-98

The article focuses on the problem to define the value of errors in operational-tactical calculations made with the use of mathematical formulae. Weak points of calculations under analysis have been pointed out. A mathematical apparatus has been used for the description. The aim of the article is to show how dangerous it might be to apply mathematical dependencies indiscriminately. The first part of the article contains the analysis of arithmetic operations errors. The dependencies presented in this part have been subsequently used for the analysis of selected examples. Several types of mathematical dependencies included in instruction concerning basic operational-tactical calculations have been analysed. Conclusions in the final part of the article included hints to be taken into account while creating this type of instruction.