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1 2002

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Przygotowania do obrony wybrzeża w Polsce (koncepcje obrony), w okresie międzywojennym :1920-1939

Polak A.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

2002

nr 2(47)

391-402

This article is the first of series of articles touching on coast defence in Poland in the years 1920 - 2000. It concerns coast defence developments (concepts) in Poland in the between the wars period and preparations to its defence. Coast defence was dealt with in independent Poland since 1920. Then a few defence plans were developed and the units to conduct the defence tasks were organised. The First Regiment of Coast Artillery was formed first. It existed from December 1920 to December 1921. At the beginning of the 30s coast defence was transformed from theoretical considerations to accomplishing stage. Coast and anti-aircraft artillery units were formed. Battalions (later regiments) of marine gunners were organised The naval base in Hel was enlarged. Much attention was drawn to the problem of command over the entire force. In 1933 the Coast Sea Defence Command was set up. Eventually (as the forces grew) the command system was re-organised just before the outbreak of World War 2. The coast defence was headed by the Fleet Commander (Coast Sea Defence commander, Coast Land Defence commander, Sea Air Division commander, and Torpedo Boats Division commander were subordinated to him). The article also discusses a large spectrum of preparations to coast defence in 1939, on the one hand Polish forces, on the other German land, air and naval forces deployed on the coast just before the outbreak of the war, taking into consideration Polish and German forces’ initial deployment on the coast in August 1939.