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X-ray Investigation of Dynamic Phenomena Occurring during Combustion of the Pyrotechnic Charges of 40 mm Grenade Fuze Delay Systems

Miszczak Maciej, Warchoł Radosław, Nita Marcin, Kasprzak Piotr

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2019

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Vol. 16, no. 1

77--90

EN

Experimental Real Time X-ray Radioscopy (RTR) investigation of dynamic phenomena occurring during the combustion of end-burning pyrotechnic charges confined in the fuze body, utilized in the delay systems of 40 mm grenade fuzes, are presented. These pyrotechnic delay systems delay the arming distance pyromechanism and the self-destroying timing assembly. The charge in the delay arming distance pyromechanism was a black powder pellet supported by the safety pin kept in constant position by its driving compressed spring. The self-destroying timing assembly comprised three pyrotechnic segmented columns connected at their ends with ignition relay channels, creating a zig-zag firing train. The following dynamic phenomena were detected and registered by RTR at a frequency of 30 FPS: (i) combustion zone travelling along the pyrotechnic charges, (ii) displacements of the pyromechanism safety pin caused by either the pressure of its spring after burning out of the black powder pellet or by pressure of the combustion products escaping from the zig-zag firing train, (iii) transfer of the ignition impulse between the adjacent pyrotechnic columns, (iv) pressure action of the combustion products on the pyrotechnic columns during transfer of the ignition impulse, and (v) transfer of the final output ignition impulse from the last (third) pyrotechnic column through the channel leading directly to the chamber used for accommodating the fuze detonator.

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X-ray and Visual Investigations on the Combustion Process of Curved, Low-gas, Pyrotechnic Paths Used in Self-destruction Assemblies of Missile Fusing Systems

Miszczak Maciej, Warchoł Radosław, Nita Marcin

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2019

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Vol. 16, no. 4

596--606

EN

The validation of the consistency of combustion front propagation along confined, low-gas, curved, pyrotechnic paths pressed into the grooves of the disc bodies of artillery and rocket ammunition fusing systems, is of critical importance as it concerns the functional reliability and safe usage of such types of ammunition. To validate the above consistency, Real Time X-ray Radioscopy (RTR) was utilized for the recording of the combustion process of curved pyrotechnic paths comprising two delay time segments. To confirm the observations obtained by the RTR technique, visual (VIS) recording was utilized for the unconfined pyrotechnic path. Due to the RTR and VIS techniques, evolution of the combustion process was recorded as a combustion front travelling along the pyrotechnic path. The combustion front had a convex shape. Using the VIS technique, a conical, bright tail was also observed behind the combustion front. The mean velocity of the propagation of the combustion front along each delay segment of the confined pyrotechnic path was determined on the basis of the RTR recordings. Using the RTR and VIS techniques, it was possible to quasi-continuously detect and record the combustion front movement along the confined and unconfined pyrotechnic paths, respectively. The VIS observations confirmed the RTR recording of the convex shape of the combustion front. In addition, the VIS technique allowed us to record the bright, conical tail.

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X-ray Investigation of Combustion Phenomena Occurring in Certain Pyrotechnic Elements Used in Military Ammunition

Miszczak M., Warchoł R., Nita M.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2016

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Vol. 13, no. 3

770--777

EN

Investigation using Real-Time X-ray Radioscopy (RTR) of the combustion processes occurring in two different configurations of pyrotechnic items, currently used in ordnance in service with the Polish Armed Forces, are presented. In the first configuration, employed in the delay elements of the RGM type of impact artillery fuses, the end-burning delay pyrotechnic column in its narrower part ended with cavity, is situated in front of the inlet of the axial channel of the output tubular pyrotechnic augmenting charge. In the second configuration, utilized in tracers of anti-tank guided missiles, the end-burning pyrotechnic charge with an ignition cavity is inserted into the steel body and closed hermetically at both ends by plastic discs. In each configuration, ignition of the tested item was initiated by an electric fusehead system. The RTR sequence of images (30 fps) of the combustion of the tested items showed that the burning surface of their pyrotechnic charges were distinguished as a boundary between the unburnt part of the pyrotechnic charge and its distinctly less dense combustion products. For selected time points in the combustion process, the shape and position of such boundaries were captured. From these data, it was possible to discover more about the combustion phenomena occurring in these tested items, including the evolution and movement of the burning surface. The combustion processes of the tested pyrotechnic delay elements and tracers, were occurring in accordance with the intended (expected) scenarios, i.e. all of the pyrotechnic charges were successively and totally consumed, and during their combustion there were no premature effects resulting in a shortening of their burning time.