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Depth estimation problems in microgravity survey

Porzucek Slawomir, Loj Monika

Acta Geophysica

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2021

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Vol. 69, no. 2

665--672

EN

Qualitative interpretation is one of the most important missions in geophysical methods, particularly the determination of the shape and depth of disturbing bodies. The characteristics of the gravity feld make it difcult to unequivocally determine both of these parameters; therefore, the problem is solved by reducing the shape of the body by means of simple solid fgures and on this basis an attempt to estimate their depth. This paper presents an analysis of depth estimation in microgravity surveys. The useful signal-to-error ratio in this survey causes an additional factor infuencing the quality of the estimated depths. Werner deconvolution and Extended Euler deconvolution, as the most frequently applied methods, were used to resolving the problem. Based on the Werner method, a processing methodology was developed that minimizes the impact of the error on the calculation results. An algorithm was also created that allows obtaining a depth solution in this method. The results of the Werner method were compared with the results of the Extended Euler method. Tests have shown that despite the relatively high error to amplitude ratio of the anomaly, satisfactory results can be obtained with the appropriate methodology.

2

Oczy astronautów

Chylewska Justyna

Optyka

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2019

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Nr 6

32--36

PL

W tym roku obchodzimy 50. rocznicę pierwszego lądowania człowieka na Księżycu. 50 lat temu, dokładnie 20 lipca 1969 roku, misja Apollo 11 zakończyła się sukcesem. Neil Armstrong postawił pierwszy krok na Srebrnym Globie, a tuż za nim Edwin „Buzz” Aldrin. Cztery miesiące później, w listopadzie 1969 roku, kolejnych dwóch astronautów wylądowało na Księżycu. Do tej pory na Lunie stanęło 12 osób. To zbyt mało, żeby stwierdzić, czy wyniki stanu zdrowia astronautów po zakończonych misjach były istotne statystycznie. Obecne marzenia o kolonizacji Księżyca i Marsa stają się coraz bardziej realne, a podróże kosmiczne mają charakter nie tylko badawczy, lecz nawet turystyczny. Amerykański program lotów kosmicznych Artemis, który jest realizowany przez NASA, prywatne spółki kosmiczne i partnerów międzynarodowych (ESA, JAXA, CSA) ma na celu ponowne wysłanie ludzi na Księżyc, w tym pierwszej kobiety, w 2024 roku. Cały czas w kosmosie, ale bliżej Ziemi – w odległości 408 km w apogeum od naszej planety przebywają astronauci w Międzynarodowej Stacji Kosmicznej (International Space Station, ISS). To właśnie na podstawie ich życia w mikrograwitacji przeprowadza się badania naukowe, by lepiej poznać m.in. działanie ludzkiego organizmu w stanie nieważkości. W oparciu o wyniki badań wykonanych przez NASA wykazano, że mikrograwitacja ma nieodwracalny wpływ na zdrowie. Najbardziej narażone układy to: wzrokowy, krwionośny, mięśniowy i ośrodkowy układ nerwowy. Podobne efekty mogą wystąpić również podczas misji na powierzchnię innych ciał niebieskich, takich jak Księżyc czy Mars. Przypuszcza się, że w dłuższej perspektywie, panująca niska grawitacja może być niewystarczająco silna, żeby zapobiec trwałym, szkodliwym skutkom dla zdrowia ludzkiego.

3

Imaging the Underground Coal Gasification Zone with Microgravity Surveys

Kotyrba A., Kortas Ł., Stańczyk K.

Acta Geophysica

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2015

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Vol. 63, no. 3

634--651

EN

The paper describes results of microgravity measurements made on the surface over an underground geo reactor where experimental coal gasification was performed in a shallow seam of coal. The aim of the research was to determine whether, and to what extent, the microgravity method can be used to detect and image a coal gasification zone, especially caverns where the coal was burnt out. In theory, the effects of coal gasification process create caverns and cracks, e.g., zones of altered bulk density. Before the measurements, theoretical density models of completely and partially gasified coal were analysed. Results of the calculations of gravity field response showed that in both cases on the surface over the gasification zone there should be local gravimetric anomalies. Over the geo reactor, two series of gravimetric measurements prior to and after gasification were conducted. Comparison of the results of two measurement series revealed the presence of gravimetric anomalies that could be related to the cavern formation process. Data from these measurements were used to verify theoretical models. After the experiment, a small cavern was detected at the depth of the coal seam by the test borehole drilled in one of the anomalous areas.

4

Reduced gravity testing and research capabilities at new 2.0 second drop tower

Steinberg T.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 31, nr 2

822-826

EN

Purpose: The Queensland University of Technology's has recently (2006) decommissioned a 1.9 second drop tower adapted for operation within an unused lift well of a building and has fabricated a purpose built, stand alone 2.0 second drop tower specifically to accommodate reduced gravity experimentation and manufacturing. The specifications and operational procedures of this new research facility are presented along with information regarding the expected benefits of manufacturing in a reduced gravity environment with focus on the production of metallic materials and nanomaterials production (including silica sol-gels and carbon nanotubes). Opportunities will also be discussed regarding both collaborative research and the provision of reduced gravity test or manufacturing services. Design/methodology/approach: The operational characteristics of a reduced gravity testing facility located in the School of Engineering Systems at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) are described. The Phenomena in Microgravity Laboratory (PML) operates the tower, and runs several research programs investigating gravity dependent phenomena. Several of these programs are outlined in this paper in the areas of combustion, fluid dynamics and nanomaterials. Findings: Calibration of the QUT drop tower has been performed, and it is currently used to conduct research in diverse disciplines with novel and useful results being obtained. Practical implications: Reduced gravity experimentation is important to many research groups working in various fields investigating both fundamental and applied aspects of diverse physical phenomena. Very few terrestrial or extra-terrestrial experimental facilities are currently available that allow researchers or manufacturers access to reduced gravity environments for their work. Originality/value: The QUT drop tower provides an economical and accessible reduced-gravity facility for use by scientists and industry both nationally and internationally.