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1

Assessment of the Impact of a Recultivated Landfill on the Soil Environment

Pusz Agnieszka, Wiśniewska Magdalena, Rogalski Dominik, Staśkiewicz Marcin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

407--418

EN

Recultivated landfills, despite remedial actions, may pose a threat to human health and the environment, and therefore require long-term monitoring. The aim of the work was to investigate the impact of recultivation treatments on changes in the physical and chemical properties of soils in the vicinity of a landfill for waste other than hazardous and neutral. In order to carry out the work, drillings were made around the tested landfill, from which samples were taken and selected physical and chemical properties were determined, including substances causing risks that are particularly important for the protection of the earth’s surface. The tested soils were characterized by a neutral and alkaline reaction and a high degree of saturation of the sorption complex with exchangeable basic cations after the use of dust and ash as a recultivation material. Leaks and leachate accumulation were found in the northern part of the facility. The permissible metal contents for industrial areas (group IV) and forest areas (group III) were not exceeded. In the northern part of the landfill area, the permissible content of cadmium was exceeded, while in the southern part, the permissible content of zinc, lead and cadmium was exceeded for agricultural areas (group II). The use of dust and ashes for the recultivation of the landfill in its southern part limited the migration of pollutants deeper into the profile and resulted in an improvement in the physical and chemical properties of the tested soils. The conclusion stated that there is a need to undertake further remediation activities and monitoring studies in order to minimize potential migration of pollutants into the soil and water environment, posing a threat to human health and the environment.

2

Study of Oil Migration Processes in Meadow Soils

Sivkov Yuriy, Nikiforov Artur, Fefilov Nikolay

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 5

23--26

EN

The paper presents the results of field and laboratory studies aimed at studying the processes of oil transformation in the soil under the influence of natural biological processes during a two-year period on artificially created old spills. The soil of the study area was characterized as meadow. The high toxic effect of oil was confirmed, which was expressed in the complete extinction of soil flora and fauna. Despite the low oil content in the soil (less than 5%), soil self-purification processes were not observed. Moreover, the high sorption properties of the soil, the violation of the water regime and the lack of aeration led to the “conservation” of oil and significantly slowed down the natural processes of its biodegradation. This was confirmed by a slight change in the content of oil products a year after the start of the experiment, as well as the presence of free oil in the pore space of the studied soil.

3

Identification of Threats to the Soil and Water Environment on the Example of an Inactive Landfill Site

Pusz A., Wiśniewska M., Rogalski D., Grzyb G.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 4

181--190

EN

Pollution migration is the main problem of the landfills that have been located, installed and operated without meeting basic environmental protection requirements. Undertaking effective reclamation treatments is conditioned by a good recognition of the object and its close and distant surroundings. The purpose of the work was to determine the potential hazard to the soil and water environment, based on selected factors, in the vicinity of a closed waste landfill at Głębocka Street in Warsaw. In the soil samples taken at the site from various depths, high concentrations of chlorides, EC, ammonium nitrogen and phosphates were found. Furthermore, the high ammonium nitrogen content correlated with the scent of ammonia, and the content of phosphates with the scent of organic compounds. These pollutants testify to the progressive decomposition of substances occurring in the mass of littering waste, which may pose a serious threat to groundwater. The landfill is also a potential geotechnical hazard because it is a dynamically changing object that can change stability, create caverns and landslides.

4

Oszacowanie ładunku zanieczyszczeń biogennych transportowanych do Zatoki Gdańskiej przez Potok Oliwski

Matej-Łukowicz K., Nawrot N., Wojciechowska E.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 2

1--8

PL

Ciągłe zmiany w środowisku wynikające z zaspokajania ciągle rosnących potrzeb ludności mają poważne konsekwencje. Coraz częstsze zjawiska powodziowe, pogorszenie jakości wód powierzchniowych i zwiększające się zanieczyszczenie mórz są w dużym stopniu skutkiem działalności człowieka. Rosnący udział powierzchni uszczelnionej przyczynia się do zwiększenia zarówno stopnia zanieczyszczenia, jak i ilości wód opadowych, a w konsekwencji ładunku zanieczyszczeń. Celem pracy było określenie szacunkowego ładunku zanieczyszczeń biogennych dopływających do Morza Bałtyckiego z obszaru zlewni Potoku Oliwskiego, jednego z cieków przepływających przez teren miasta Gdańsk. W opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki badań jakości wody Potoku Oliwskiego, jednego z największych gdańskich odbiorników wód opadowych ze zlewnią o powierzchni prawie 29 km2. Próbki wody pobierano w sześciu punktach (trzech w zlewni naturalnej i trzech w zurbanizowanej) podczas pogody bezopadowej i po wystąpieniu epizodu opadowego. Oznaczono stężenia i obliczono ładunki roczne związków biogennych odprowadzanych do Zatoki Gdańskiej. Największy ładunek azotanów (V) i fosforu całkowitego odprowadzany jest latem i wynosi odpowiednio 4 tony NO3- w przeliczeniu na rok i prawie 2 tony Pog rocznie. Ortofosforany odprowadzane są głównie jesienią, a ich roczny ładunek wprowadzany do Morza Bałtyckiego to prawie 4 tony. Większość substancji biogennych pochodzi ze zlewni zurbanizowanej, dlatego należy w tym obszarze zlokalizować i ograniczyć źródła zanieczyszczeń.

EN

Flood events, worse condition of surface waters, and pollution of sea waters are associated with the anthropogenic changes in the environment. Increasing pollution and the amount of rainwater – raise the pollution load as a result of increasing the built-up area. The aim of the study was to investigate the pollution load coming from a catchment in Gdansk to the Baltic Sea by stream. The study presents the results of water quality tests in the Oliwa Stream. It is one of the largest rainwater receivers in Gdansk with a catchment area of almost 29 km2. Water samples were collected at six points (three in the natural catchment and three in urbanized catchment). The pollutant concentrations were obtained from the tests On the basis of the results, the loads of biogenic compounds introduced into the Gulf of Gdansk were calculated. The largest load of nitrates (V) and total phosphorus is discharged in the summer and amounts to 4 tons NO3-and almost 2 tons of total phosphorus per year, respectively. Orthophosphates are discharged mainly in autumn, and their annual load is almost 4 tons. The majority of biogenic substances comes from the urbanized catchment; therefore, it is necessary to locate and limit the sources of pollution in this area.

5

Migration of pahs in the arable layer of flooded soil – model experiment

Ciesielczuk T., Rosik-Dulewska C., Poluszyńska J.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2014

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Vol. 21, nr 1

35--50

EN

Soils periodically, or permanently, waterlogged and soils exposed to flood waters are heavily imperilled to pollution of inorganic and organic compounds. They are primarily compounds that are brought with the inflowing (highly loaded) floodwater and indigenously produced within the soil profile by anaerobic metabolism of the organic matter. PAHs compounds are adsorbed by the soil from the floodwaters and move in the soil profile posing a threat to groundwater. In addition, when the flood recedes, these compounds may be taken up by the crops. In this study soil pollution with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from the decomposition of organic matter and silt and their migration in the arable layer of soil.

PL

Gleby okresowo lub stale podmokłe, a także gleby narażone na oddziaływanie wód powodziowych w znacznym stopniu narażone są na zanieczyszczenie związkami nieorganicznymi oraz organicznymi. Są to przede wszystkim te związki, które są nanoszone wraz z napływającą (silnie obciążoną) wodą powodziową, jak i autochtonicznymi wytwarzanymi w obrębie profilu glebowego, na drodze beztlenowych przemian materii organicznej. Związki z grupy WWA są sorbowane przez glebę z wód powodziowych oraz przemieszczają się w profilu glebowym, stanowiąc zagrożenie dla wód podziemnych. Ponadto po ustąpieniu zjawiska powodzi związki te mogą być pobierane przez rośliny uprawne. W pracy badano zanieczyszczenie gleb wielopierścieniowymi węglowodorami aromatycznymi (WWA) pochodzącymi z rozkładu materii organicznej oraz z nanosu powodziowego oraz ich migrację w warstwie ornej gleby.

6

Rozprzestrzenianie chlorków i siarczanów w strefie aeracji składowiska odpadów po węglowych oraz kinetyka rozkładu siarczków i zakwaszania środowiska gruntowo-wodnego.

Gwoździewicz M., Jary G.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Górnictwa Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje

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2007

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Vol. 120, nr 49

125-133

PL

Przedstawiono chemizm składowanych odpadów górniczych kopalni Dębieńsko oraz proces i dynamikę uwalniania zanieczyszczeń z odpadów ulokowanych na tym składowisku. Wyróżniono trzy główne etapy migracji zanieczyszczeń w roztworach wodnych oraz zmiany chemizmu i dynamiki ich rozprzestrzeniania. Określono wpływ zanieczyszczeń zarówno w strefie aeracji, jak i na wody powierzchniowe oraz podziemne w rejonie składowiska. Stwierdzono duży stopień degradacji wód spowodowany składowaniem odpadów powęglowych i obecnością chlorków, siarczanów oraz żelaza w ostatniej fazie wietrzenia tych skał.

EN

This article presents chemistry of deposited mining wastes of Dębieńsko (Upper Silesia, Poland) coal mine as well as process and dynamics of pollutants release from the wastes located on this landfill. The main stages of migration in the water solution have been emphasized as well as changes of chemistry and dynamics of their spreading. The article shows also the impact of pollution both in the aeration zone and upon surface and underground water in the area of landfill. It was stated that the level of water degradation caused by depositing coal wastes is high and it is related to chlorides and sulfates and - in the last phase of rock weathering - to iron.

7

Influence of soil-water conditions on the migration of pollutants in the vicinity of municipal landfill sites

Złotoszewska-Niedziałek H.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2004

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Vol. 54, no. 3

413--432

EN

The time taken for a pollutant to migrate from the potential source to the groundwater reservoir is one of the main criteria in evaluating groundwater hazards. This process depends on the lithology and thickness of the deposits forming the basement of the landfill site as well as on the depth to the groundwater table, infiltration and the concentration of effluents. This paper focuses on the analysis of the influence of particular factors on the transport of pollution, based on field analyses and numeric modelling. The Femwater program was applied in numeric calculations. This program solves a 3-D modified RICHARDS equation for groundwater flow by the finite elements method (FEM), and the mass transport equation using the hybrid LAGRANGE . EULER finite elements method.The results obtained allow evaluation of the influence of the soil-water environment factors that determine the rate of pollution distribution and are the basis for forecasting the processes concerned in the migration of pollutants. The problem was solved in two examples of municipal waste landfill sites characterised by a different geological setting, one located on the supra-flood terrace in the River Vistula valley and other on the Wołomin Plateau.

8

Modelling of solute migration and its adsorption in porous layers

Wroński S., Molga E., Rudniak L., Hubacz R.

Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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1998

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Vol. 3, no 4

679-694

EN

The immobilization of pollutants by irreversible sorption in agglomerates immersed directly into the porous layer has been considered. A general model for migration and sorption of soluble contaminants in a porous layer has been formulated and the method of its solution has been proposed. The calculations have been carried out to display the model effectiveness and flexibility. The influence of the size of agglomerates, the density and geometry of their distribution on the decontamination efficiency has been studied. Also the effect of mass transfer parameters on this efficiency has been investigated.