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Radon w środowisku wód podziemnych i górnej części litosfery

Przylibski T.A.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2002

[Z] 56, 11-12

1003-1033

The article outlines the geochemistry of the only radioactive noble gas, with a special focus on the environments with its highest concentrations - upper lithosphere and groundwaters. The text is based on a review of several hundred works written in the last few decades and on the author’s own research. Special emphasis has been put on the genesis of radon and its migration in these environments, with the dominant role of physical processes, in contrast to almost complete chemical passivity of this element. Another discussed issue is the special significance of the physico-chemical properties of the medium and the centre for radon migration process. What has been also stressed is the significance of the amount and the mode in which radium parent isotopes occur in the environment for the genesis of radon, as well as the importance of half-life, especially that of 222Rn nuclide, for the possibility of its long-distance migration. The description of radon geochemistry provided a basis for the presentation of the most important and the commonest applications of this element as a natural tracer of processes occurring in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and on the borders of these geospheres. Currently conducted research, aimed at getting more profound knowledge of radon geochemistry, will enable its far better and commoner application as a natural radioactive tracer of many processes occurring in the environment. It will also provide a basis for much more effective radiological protection, related to the most important property of this ubiquitous gas - its radioactivity, as well as enable more effective employment of its medicinal (though still disputed) effect on the human organism.