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1

Remediacja gleb zanieczyszczonych metalami

Pusz Agnieszka, Wiśniewska Magdalena, Kamiński Arkadiusz

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2019

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T. 98, nr 6

863--867

PL

Dokonano oceny akumulacyjnych zdolności mieszanki traw w stosunku do metali: cynku, kadmu, niklu, chromu, ołowiu i miedzi. Wykonano oznaczenie całkowitych zawartości metali w glebach pochodzących z terenów przemysłowych w różnym stopniu zanieczyszczonych oraz zawartości metali w testowanych gatunkach traw. Stwierdzono, że w zależności od zebranego pokosu mieszanka traw w różnym stopniu akumulowała metale. Szereg ten przedstawia się następująco: Zn > Cd > Pb > Cu > Cr > Ni. Testowane trawy, ze względu na ilość pobranych metali, wykazywały w większości przydatność przemysłową.

EN

Four soils from an industrial area were analyzed for contents of Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb and Cu and then phytoremediated by using Festuca rubra L., Festuca ovina L., Lolium perenne L. and Poa pratensis L. grasses. The metal contents in soils decreased in series Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Cd. The soilage (3 swaths) was studied for contents of the removed metals. The metal contents in the grass biomass decreased in series Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. The contents of Zn, Cd and Pb in grass were higher than allowable in fodders.

2

Hydrosiew jako metoda zadarniania terenów trudno dostępnych

Paprocki D.

Przegląd Komunalny

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2016

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nr 6

47--49

PL

Hydrosiew jest techniką siewu rzutowego, polegającą na hydromechanicznym nanoszeniu materiału siewnego, środków użyźniających ułatwiających przyczepność i substancji biologicznie czynnych. Metodę tę stosuje się głównie do zadarniania i rekultywacji terenów trudno dostępnych, zwłaszcza skarp, nasypów kolejowych i składowisk przykopalnianych.

3

Wpływ nawożenia osadami ściekowymi na wzrost i bioróżnorodność traw na terenach zurbanizowanych

Wydro U., Wołejko E., Pawluśkiewicz B., Łoboda T., Butarewicz A.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2015

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Vol. 9, No. 2

815--820

PL

Celem pracy była ocena wpływu nawożenia różnymi dawkami osadu ściekowego na wzrost i bioróżnorodność roślinności rosnącej na 4 stanowiskach badawczych zlokalizowanych w pasach przyulicznych na terenie Białegostoku. Czynnikami w doświadczeniu były: dawki osadu ściekowego (0 - kontrola, 75 i 150 Mg/ha) oraz dwie mieszanki traw gazonowych (Eko i Roadside). Określono ilość suchej masy traw zebranej w okresie wegetacyjnym 2011 r., ponadto określono średnią wysokość traw oraz stopień pokrycia powierzchni. Na koniec okresu wegetacyjnego zbadano skład gatunkowy na poszczególnych obiektach badawczych. Nawożenie osadem ściekowym spowodowało ponad 2-krotny wzrost plonu biomasy traw w porównaniu do obiektów kontrolnych. Średnia wysokość traw różniła się w zależności od terminu pomiaru oraz od dawki osadu ściekowego. Najwyższe wartości uzyskano w trakcie pomiarów w lipcu i sierpniu dla obiektów z podwójną dawką osadów ściekowych (150 Mg/ha). Nawożenie osadem ściekowym spowodowało również zwiększenie procentowego pokrycia runi na poszczególnych obiektach badawczych.

EN

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the fertilization with different doses of sewage sludge on growth and biodiversity plants growing in traffic lanes in Bialystok. The factors in the experiment were: 2 doses of sewage sludge and control plots without biosolids and 2 grass mixtures (Eco and Roadside). The dry matter of grasses harvested during the growing season of 2011, the average height of grass and percentage of vegetation cover were determined. At the end of the vegetation period, investigated species composition on research plots. Fertilization with sewage sludge caused a more than twofold increase biomass yield of grasses as compared to the control objects. The average height of grasses differed depending on the sampling time and dose of sewage sludge. The highest values were obtained for measurements in July and August for objects with a double dose of sewage sludge (150 Mg/ha). Fertilization with sewage sludge also resulted in an increase in the percentage coverage of the sward at various research objects.

4

Wpływ osadu komunalnego i kompostu z odpadów zieleni na jakość czterech mieszanek trawnikowych

Kitczak T., Czyż H.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2012

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nr 147 (27)

86-94

PL

Doświadczenia dwuczynnikowe założono wiosną 2004 roku w układzie Split-splot, na poletkach o powierzchni 6 m2 w trzech replikacjach. Osad komunalny i kompost stosowano doglebowo jesienią (20 t ha-1) pod orkę zimową. Do oceny wartości nawozowej osadu i kompostu wykorzystano cztery mieszanki trawnikowe typu: Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra, Lolium perenne i Poa pratensis. Na badanych trawnikach dokonano oceny zadarnienia i aspektu ogólnego trawnika wg metody Prończuka (1993) oraz składu florystycznego runi metodą botaniczno-wagową. W badanych warunkach siedliskowych trawniki obsiane mieszanką typu Poa pratensis charakteryzowały się lepszymi ocenianymi parametrami (zadarnieniem, aspektem ogólnym oraz składem florystycznym) niż trawniki obsiane mieszanką typu: Festuca rubra, Festuca arundinacea, a zwłaszcza Lolium perenne.

EN

Two-factor experiment was assumed in spring 2004 in the Split-splot system on plots with an area of 6 m2 in three replications. Sewage sludge and compost applied to soil in autumn in amound of 20 t ha-1, for the winter plowing. To evaluate the fertilizer value of sewage sludge and compost used four lawn mixture: Festuca arundinacea (Festuca arundinacea var. "Asterix" - 60% + Festuca rubra var. "Areta" - 15% + Lolium perenne var. "Pimperal" - 10% + Poa pratensis var. "Opal" - 15%), Festuca rubra (Festuca rubra var. "Areta" - 60% + Lolium perenne var. "Pimperal" - 20% + Poa pratensis var. "Opal" - 20%), Lolium perenne (Lolium perenne var. "Pimperal" - 60% + Festuca rubra var. "Areta" - 20% + Poa pratensis var. [...]. On the tested lawns the sodding and general aspect of the lawn were assessed by the Prończuk [1993] method. Also the floristic composition of the sward was assessed using the botanical-weight method. In the studied habitat conditions lawns which were seeded by the lawn mixture called: Poa pratensis was characterized by the higher parameters (sodding, the general aspect and the floristic composition) than lawns seeded with a mixture called: Festuca rubra, Festuca arundinacea, and particularly Lolium perenne.

5

Porównanie trwałości gatunków roślin motylkowatych w mieszankach z trawami

Szpunar-Krok E., Bobrecka-Jamro D., Winnicka J.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2005

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Nr 12

156-157

6

Zmiany zadarnienia mieszanek trawnikowych w okresie czteroletniego intensywnego użytkowania

Czarnecki Z.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2002

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Vol. 11, No. 1

163--168

EN

In the present study changes in the sod-formation of 8 lawn grass mixtures during four consecutive years of their usage were presented. Evaluation o f sod fonnation by the mixtures was conducted once a month applying a scalę from 1 to 9 (1 - an unfavourable feature, 9 - a highly desirable feature). Twenty-three to twenty-six cuts at a height of 4 cm were carried out during vegetation periods in the years of full utilisation. The present studies showed that the lawn grass mixtures studied varied in their sodding evaluation both in the individual years and on the observation dates during vegetation. In the first year of full utilisation, the foreign mixtures showed a more uniform sod formation and the grades given for their sodding ability were higher and less differentiated (6.7-9.0) than those of the Polish mixtures (4.0-9.0). W hereas in the following years of full utilisation, the Polish mixtures were characterised by a decidedly better and more uniform sod formation than the foreign mixtures, especially in the forth year. The best sod-formation on all observation dates (grades from 5.8 to 9.0) was observed in the case of the "Sport” mixtnres (Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization in Radzików) and the ”Sport” (Agricultural University of Lublin).

7

Wzrost i rozwój niektórych odmian traw w siewie czystym i mieszankach przeznaczonych na trawniki sportowe w roku siewu

Grabowski K., Grzegorczyk S., Benedycki S., Kwietniewski H.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2002

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Vol. 11, No. 1

113--122

EN

The choosen species and varieties of gazon grasses sown in a pure sowing and mixtures on sport lawns were investigated. In the year of sowing estimated: emergence of plants, propagation and general aspect (scale 9°). Exact experiment microfields founded on 14 may 1998 with split-plot method, there times repeted, on antropogenic soil, formed from loamy sand. Soil before sowing soil was enriched in 10 cm layer of peat. Upper layer of this soil characterized very high content of zine, copper, manganese and ferrum. In the year of sowing an attracted lawn characterized Festuca rubra „Nimba”. Leveled emergence, good compactness and apperance of lawn also characterized varieties of Lolium perenne „Stadion” and „Inka”. Among tested mixtures the best parameters demonstrated mixtures of firms: Johnsons „Trawa sportowa”, Barenbrug „Fooltball” and mixture no 14, projected in Chair of Grassland: Lolium perenne „Stadion” and „Inka, Poa pratensis „NIB 193” and Festuca rubra „Nimba”.

8

Ocena przydatności wybranych odmian hodowlanych Festuca rubra i Festuca ovina do ekstensywnego użytkowania trawnikowego

Golińska B.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2002

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Vol. 11, No. 1

123--129

EN

In years 1999-2000 an experiment was carried out in the Brody Experimental Station in which the author assessed the usefulness of 20 cultivars of Festuca rubra and 4 cultivars of Festuca ovina for extensive lawn utilisation in the year of sowing and in the first year of utilisation. The experiments comprised the following determinations: the degree of plant tillering (9° scale), number of leaves per plant, number of tillers developed by a plant, sodding (using Weber’s method), sward height (using a herbometer), sward yield (from the area of 0.5 m2) and yield of the root bulk (from a cylinder of 6 cm diameter and the depth of 8 cm). The performed studies were carried out on 1 m2 plots in three replications. In conditions of extensive lawn utilisation, out of 20 cultivars of Festuca rubra, Nimba, Barcrown and Aniset deserve positive marks. In comparison with Leo cultivar, the above cultivars were characterised by better sodding, shorter sward, similar sward yield and distinctly greater weight of roots. Napoli and Smirna received the worst marks for the examined traits. Out of the 4 examined cultivars of Festuca ovina, Mimi proved the best one from the point of view of its sodding traits and root yield although it developed higher plants. Noni also turned out to be a very interesting breeding creation characterised by a very slow regrowth and good sodding. Sodding, sward height and plant over ground and root yields turned out to be good criteria for the assessment of grass cultivar suitability for extensive lawn utilisation.

9

Ocena jakości materiału siewnego dostępnego w handlu polskich i zagranicznych mieszanek traw przeznaczonych do zadarniania boisk sportowych

Harkot W., Czarnecki Z., Czusz T.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2002

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Vol. 11, No. 1

106--112

EN

One of the reasons for emergency failures and poor sod formation on the grass sports fields can be found in poor seed ąuality of some species included in the mixtures. Moreover, contribution of individual components in the mixture often differs from the composition declared on the package. The studies carried out showed that out of 7 grass mixtures for the sports fields sodding, the share of seeds of the individual components (as determined by weight) was close to the composition declared by the manufacturer on the package only in 2 of thein (differences in the species composition did not exceed 1.5%). In the remaining mixtures, species composition was markedly different from the composition given by the manufacturers on the package (in the case of some components the differences were as high as 8%). The content of pollutants in the mixtures did not exceed 5%; however, in one of them it was significantly higher (9.1%). Seed germination capacity of a given species varied in different mixtures and ranged from 92.0 to 98.6% in Lolium perenne, from 43.0 to 89.6% in Festuca rubra and from 37.0 to 87.0% in Poa pratensis. The expected contribution of species in the sward in the year of sowing as determined for each of the mixtures taking into account the weight of 1000 seeds of the individual components, differed significantly from the percentage share of these species in the mixtures declared by the manufacturer.

10

Gatunki i odmiany traw w mieszankach na trawniki i boiska sportowe

Domański P. J.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2002

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Vol. 11, No. 1

83--105

EN

Advances in the preparation of grass mixtures, which occurred in the course of years, resulted in the reduction of the use of single grass species. Utilising increasingly comprehensive information about possibilities of grass competitiveness as well as their response to site conditions, it is easy to select appropriate components for seed mixtures. When deciding to sow a single species, it is essential to apply a good variety. The objective of sowing a single species is to standardise a lawn or a playing ground. The principle idea is to eliminate aggressive and competitive species as this helps advantageous characters of a given species to come out more clearly. The disadvantage of this procedure is that the prepared substrate is faster colonized by alien, unwelcome species of grasses and weeds. Additionally, the sown variety is more exposed to infection with diseases. A mixture is easier to apply when the user lacks know ledge about soil-climatic conditions of a given object. Additionally, a mixture tolerates better damages caused by diseases. However, mixtures that are excessively developed botanically may easily be dominated by undesirable species as evidenced by frequent dominations of Agrostis tenuis or Festuca rubra. Effects of this kind of domination rarely occur on playing fields, as the above-mentioned species do not tolerate severe trampling. Classical English lawn mixtures with Agrostis tenuis or Festuca rubra still remain favourite in case of oraamental lawns. In moist conditions, Agrostis tenuis is often replaced by Agrostis canina var. canina. Within Festuca rubra species, cuitivars with short tillers appear to give best results. The best species for intensively utilised lawns (for sporting events) - which are exposed to the wear of turf - the most desirable components of mixtures are good varieties of Poa pratensis, preferably in combinations with late cultivars of Lolium perenne with narrow leaf blades. Mixtures containing Festuca rubra or Festuca arundinacea are recommended for dry soil conditions. The latest mixtures recommended for football grounds in climalic conditions of Westem Europe contain only two or three most valuable Lolium perenne cultivars. Golf grounds are sown exclusively with Agrostis tenuis or Festuca rubra cultivars that develop strong, dense turf and are resistant to frequent cutting. Confection companies determine weight proportions of individual components in mixtures.