Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Exhaust emissions from light duty vehicles running on petrol ethanol blends measured under laboratory conditions

Bielaczyc P., Woodburn J., Szczotka A.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2015

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nr 204

124--139

EN

Ethanol is widely used in petrol-ethanol blends, including in the European Union. Since the fuel type has a great impact on emissions, blends of differing ethanol content can have a great impact on exhaust emissions. This paper presents a variety of data on regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions from European vehicles running on various petrol-ethanol blends tested under laboratory conditions at BOSMAL. Some fundamental phenomena are discussed and the reader is directed to sources of further information. Furthermore, some brief comparisons to other studies are made and general comments are made on emissions trends regarding petrol-ethanol blends.

2

Blends of ethanol, n-butanol and isobutanol with 5% oxygen in ordinary engines: effects on exhaust emissions over the Artemis cycle

Beranek V., Vojtisek-Lom M., Stolcpartova J., Mikuska P., Krumal K.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2015

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nr 204

186--198

EN

In the EU, alcohol fuels are used mostly in the form of ethanol, sold either as E85, or mixed in less than 10% concentrations into gasoline for the general fleet. This work examines the effects of extending the ethanol share to 15%. Additionally, considering the high hygroscopicity and corrosivity of ethanol, two isomers of butanol, n-butanol and isobutanol, were blended with gasoline at 25% by volume, all blends corresponding to approximately 5% oxygen by weight. These four fuels were examined in two typical spark ingition automobile engines, a Ford Focus car with a Euro 6 EcoBoost direct injection (DISI) engine, and a Skoda Fabia car with a Euro 5 multipoint injection (MPI) engine. Both cars were tested on chassis dynamometer using the Artemis driving cycle. There were no measurable effects on the emissions of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide. The alcohol fuels increased the emissions of nitrogen oxides on the MPI engine. On the DISI engine over the Artemis cycle, the number of emitted solid particles and the emissions of elemental carbon and polyaromatic hydrocarbons were reduced relative to gasoline, by about one half for both butanol isomers, while ethanol did not yield observable effects. Particle emissions of the MPI engine were generally smaller. The results suggest that both n-butanol and isobutanol are viable fuels, which could be considered as an alternative to ethanol.

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The usage of bioethanol in light-duty SI vehicles - a brief overview

Bielaczyc P., Szczotka A., Woodburn J.

Silniki Spalinowe

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2011

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R. 50, nr 3

EN

Ethanol produced from fermentation of biomass has been of interest as a potential partial replacement for petroleum in SI engines for some time. The oxygenated nature of the ethanol molecule can aid combustion and reduce production of partial combustion products (HC, CO). Ethanol can be splash blended with petrol to produce blends. Blends with up to 10 % ethanol can be used with few problems in all but the oldest vehicles; up to 15 % ethanol has recently been deemed safe for use in light duty vehicles produced with the last decade. The E85 blend (85 % ethanol) requires specially designed vehicles, which are becoming more common in certain markets. The main issues associated with the use of ethanol and its blends are its corrosivity, affinity to water and its lower stoichiometric ratio. Increases in emission of aldehydes and a slight increase in emission of oxides of nitrogen have also been reported, and concern has been raised over the potential of increased aldehyde emissions to form more ground-level ozone. The potential for an improvement in air quality, engine performance and fuel supply security and sustainability makes work on the production and usage of ethanol and its blends a multidisciplinary research priority.