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Soil and litter macrofauna in shelterbelts and in adjacent croplands: changes in community structure after tree planting

Olechowicz E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 4

647-664

EN

Studies were carried out in the vicinity of Turew near Poznań (Western Poland) in the years 2003 and 2004 in three midfield shelterbelts of different age (150, 11, 6 years old) and along two transects across shelterbelt (6 and 11 years old) >ecotone> field at distance 15 and 50 m from the shelterbelt. The field located in deforested area was treated as the control. The studies were aimed at estimating the changes in community structure (composition, density, biomass) of soil and litter macrofauna, (mainly dipteran larvae), related to shelterbelt age both within shelterbelts as in adjoining fields. The results were compared to previous studies carried out in 1999-2000 in the same agricultural landscape. The density and biomass of soil and litter macrofauna were many times higher in shelterbelts (2824-870 ind. m[^-2] and 3782-521 mg.d.wt. m[^-2]) than in fields (483-53 ind. m[^-2] and 101-12 mg.d.wt. m[^-2]) and increased with the age of planted trees. The same was true for taxonomic richness. Ecotone zone of both transects was characterised by the greatest density and biomass of animals, mainly those of mobile epigeic animals, particularly the ants. The density and biomass values were declining in the field with the increasing distance from the shelterbelt. Across the transect of an older (10-11 years old) shelterbelt and adjacent field the density and biomass of studied animals were higher in all plots than across the younger (5-6 years old) one. It can be concluded, that the effect of the shelterbelt increases with age of planted trees. The results confirm the previous suggestions of the enhancement of the field macrofauna by forested strips. The highest similarity in taxonomic and dominance structure was found between the shelterbelts and their ecotones and they differed significantly from those in the field.

2

Thysanoptera community of midfield shelterbelts of different age

Szeflińska D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 4

445-448

EN

The density and species composition of Thysanoptera were estimated in three shelterbelts with different age located in arable land (Turew area, West Poland). It was stated, that 100 years old shelterbelts supply favorable habitats for the community of these insects: the occurrence of species connected closely with the shelterbelt and the stable species composition were found there. In the young shelterbelt (two years after planting). Thysanoptera constituted a community dynamically changing. In several (7-8) years old shelterbelt the community of these insects showed the features characteristic for community noted in 100 years old shelterbelt.

3

Small mammals in two midfield shelterbelts of different age

Łęcki R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 4

455-459

EN

Small mammals were studied in two midfield shelterbelts (6-7 and 170 years old) in Turew area (west Poland). Eight species: Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, A. agrarius, Mus musculus, Micromys minutus, Microtus arvalis, M. agrestis, Clethrionomys glareolus were found. Species structure was significantly different between studied shelterbelts. In the old shelterbelt species characteristic for forest environments dominated. Species structure in the old shelterbelts was more stable than in the young one.

4

Secondary succession of the vegetation in the young shelterbelt (Turew area, Western Poland)

Bernacki Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 4

391-404

EN

Plant succession (herb and tree species) in newly midfield shelterbelt (0.63 ha of area) was investigated during eight years. Changes of vegetation were found to be similar to the succession on abandoned fields. During first years simple plant communities, consisted by common and very common species, dominated by one species, like: Arthemisia absyntium and Chenopodium album, Conyza canadiensis or Apera spica-venti, substituted year by year. The number of species reached maximal value (48) three years after shelterbelt planting. Among all trees forming the shelterbelt the fastest growing were the species of early succession stages (having light seeds) like: poplar, birch, larch and pine. Those trees form the canopy layer already after four years of succession. That process increased the rate of succession to forest community. Maximum biomass of herb plants (347.84 g dry wt. m^-2) was noted in fifith year of succession. Litter biomass increased during all study period. Corridor effect of shelterbelt for plants wasn't evidenced. Introduction of the forest and clear-cutting species is relatively slow and proceeds from the forest adjacent to the shelterbelt.

5

Community structure of soil-litter macrofauna in shelterbelt and adjacent crop field

Olechowicz E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 2

135-153

EN

Studies were carried out in 1999 and 2000 in the vicinity of Turew near Poznań (West Poland) and dealt with the composition, density and biomass of soil-litter macrofauna with special reference to dipteran larvae in the agricultural landscape. Sites were located on a 7-years old mid-field shelterbelt and on adjacent field with maize crop in the first and wheatcrop in the second year of study and - on 9 various patches of vegetation within the mid-field shelterbelt. Studies carried out along the transect: the shelterbelt (S) - ecotone (E) - field 10 m (F 10) - field 50 m (F 50) demonstrated a decline of: 1) animal density (10 times) and biomass (30 times) of total macrofauna and (80 times) of dipteran larvae, 2) taxonomic richness and biodiversity measured with the H` index, 3) individual weight of the entire macrofauna, of dipteran larvae,saprophagous animals and predators so that the individuals became smaller with the distance from the shelterbelt, 4) similarity of macrofauna communities in terms of composition and dominance structure, with increasing distance between plots. Close relationship was found between plant cover and soil-litter macrofauna. Species composition, density, biomass and trophic structure of soil invertebrate community depended on tree or herb species. Those soil animals and especially dipteran larvae were a sensitive indicator of small-scale habitat changes.

6

Impact of young shelterbelts on organic matter content and development of microbial and faunal communities of adjacent fields

Karg J., Kajak A., Ryszkowski L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 3

283-290

EN

The paper summarizes results of investigations done in 1999-2000 by several authors in Wielkopolska region, (western Poland) near Turew in young midfield shelterbelts and adjacent cereal fields. It was found that the soil organic matter content, as well as microbial and faunal biomass decrease gradually from the shelterbelt toward the field centre. The annual increase of carbon was assessed and possible sources of it (wind erosion, leaf fall, input of invertebrate faeces)considered. The results suggest, that excreta contribute significantly to total carbon input. The shelterbelts influence the biomass, density and composition of many soil and above-ground invertebrate taxa and individual size of animals occurring in bordering fields.