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Prediction of microstructural evolution in fly ash-modified cementitious system: A computational study

Yadeta Andualem E., Goyal Pradeep K., Sarkar Raju

Materials Science Poland

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2023

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Vol. 41, No. 4

68--77

EN

The intricate interaction between supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and cementitious systems profoundly influences the performance and sustainability of cementitious composites. This study explores the microstructural evolution of fly ash (FA)-modified cement paste by employing a three-dimensional cement hydration and microstructure development (CEMHYD3D) modeling package. Through comprehensive simulations, the influence of varying FA content on hydration phase evolution and pore structure within the cementitious system is revealed. As the proportion of FA within the cementitious mixtures increases, there is a substantial enhancement in the rate of hydration. Notably, the incorporation of FA introduces a significant augmentation in the hydration rate, a phenomenon with potential implications for the long-term performance of FA-modified cementitious materials. The prediction results also highlight that increasing FA substitution in cement leads to finer and more interconnected pore networks due to the pozzolanic reaction. These perceptions hold significant implications for optimizing cementitious mixes and advancing sustainable construction practices. The model-predicted results have been validated with experiments, and they are successful in predicting the microstructural evolution in FA-modified cement paste. In summary, the prediction model bridges the theoretical and practical implementation gaps by providing a thorough understanding of the microstructural evolution of FA-modified cement paste. Furthermore, it provides invaluable guidance for tailoring FA-blended cement compositions, thus promoting their enhanced performance and sustainability in the realm of cementitious materials.

2

Fracture limit analysis of DP590 steel using single point incremental forming: experimental approach, theoretical modeling and microstructural evolution

Pandre Sandeep, Morchhale Ayush, Mahalle Gauri, Kotkunde Nitin, Suresh Kurra, Singh Swadesh Kumar

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, no. 3

138--157

EN

The single point incremental forming (SPIF) process is gaining special attention in the aerospace, biomedical and manufacturing industries for making intricate asymmetric components. In the present study, SPIF process has been performed for forming varied wall angle conical and pyramidal frustums using DP590 steel. Initially, the conventional stretch forming process has been performed for finding the fracture forming limit diagram (FFLD). Further, it has been validated with the limiting strains found using SPIF process. The conical and pyramidal frustums deformed near to the plane strain and biaxial region, respectively. The theoretical FFLD has been predicted using seven different ductile damage models. The effect of sheet anisotropy while predicting the fracture strains has been included using Hill 1948 and Barlat 1989 yielding functions. Among the used damage models, the Bao-Wierzbicki (BW) model along with Barlat 1989 yield criterion displayed the least error of 2.92% while predicting the fracture locus. The stress triaxiality in the different forming region has been thoroughly investigated and it has been found that the higher triaxiality value reveals high rate of accumulated damage which lead to early failure of the material in the respective region. The stress triaxiality and effective fracture strains have also been found to be significantly affected by the anisotropy. The micro-textural studies have also been performed and it has been found that the increase in local misorientations and shift in the textural components from γ-fiber to ε-fiber in the corner region of the frustums worked towards limiting the formability of material and ultimately leading towards the fracture of frustums.

3

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of underwater dry welded metal of high strength steel Q690E under different water depths

Sun Kun, Huc Yu, Shi Yonghua, Liao Baoyi

Polish Maritime Research

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2020

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nr 4

112--119

EN

Q690E high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel has been intensively applied in maritime engineering. Also, the underwater dry welding (UDW) technique has been widely used to repair important offshore facilities. In this paper, joints of Q690E steel were fabricated through single-pass underwater dry welding at three pressures (0, 0.2, and 0.4 MPa). To study the effect of the pressure on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the UDW joint, an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe the microstructure and fracture morphology of the welded joints. The electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique was used to analyse the crystallographic features and the crystallographic grain size of the ferrites. The proportion of acicular ferrite (AF) in the UDW joints and the density of low-angle boundaries increase dramatically with the increasing depth of water. The weld metal of UDW-40 shows higher strength because more fine ferrites and low-angle boundaries within UDW-40 impede the dislocation movement.

4

Study of flow softening mechanisms of a nickel-based superalloy with o phase

Lin Y. C., He D.-G, Chen M. S., Chen X.-M., Zhao C.-Y., Ma X.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 3

1537--1546

EN

The flow softening behaviors of a nickel-based superalloy with o phase are investigated by hot compression tests over wide ranges of deformation temperature and strain rate. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). optical microscopy (OM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are employed to study the flow softening mechanisms of the studied superalloy. It is found that the flow softening behaviors of the studied superalloy are sensitive to deformation temperature and strain rate. At high strain rate and low deformation temperature, the obvious flow softening behaviors occur. With the increase of deformation temperature or decrease of strain rate, the flow softening degree becomes weaken. At high strain rate (1s-1), the flow softening is mostly induced by the plastic deformation heating and flow localization. However, at low strain rate domains (0.001-0.01s-1), the effects of deformation heating on flow softening are slight. Moreover, the flow softening at low strain rates is mainly induced by the discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and the dissolution of 6 phase (Ni3Nb).

5

Hot Deformation Of 6xxx Series Aluminium Alloys

Mrówka-Nowotnik G., Sieniawski J., Kotowski S., Nowotnik A., Motyka M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2015

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Vol. 60, iss. 2A

1079--1084

EN

The hot deformation behavior of the 6xxx aluminum alloys was investigated by compression tests in the temperature range 100°C-375°C and strain rate range 10−4s−1 and 4×10−4s−1 using dilatometer DIL 805 BÄHR Thermoanalyse equipped with accessory attachment deformation allows the process to execute thermoplastic in vacuum and inert gas atmosphere. Associated microstructural changes of characteristic states of examined alloys were studied by using the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the stress level decreases with increasing deformation temperature and deformation rate. And was also found that the activation energy Q strongly depends on both, the temperature and rate of deformation. The results of TEM observation showing that the dynamic flow softening is mainly as the result of dynamic recovery and recrystallization of 6xxx aluminium alloys.

PL

Obróbkę cieplno-plastyczną stopów aluminium grupy 6xxx prowadzono w zakresie temperatury 100°C-375°C i prędkości odkształcania 10−4s−1 i 4×10−4s−1 na dylatometrze DIL 805 BÄHR Thermoanalyse wyposażonym w przystawkę odkształceniową umożliwiającą wykonanie procesu odkształcania w próżni i w atmosferze gazu obojętnego. Zmiany mikrostruktury badanych stopów, zachodzące w charakterystycznych stadiach obróbki cieplno-plastycznej, badano za pomocą transmisyjnego mikroskopu elektronowego (TEM). Ustalono, że wielkość naprężenia zmniejsza się wraz ze wzrostem temperatury i wielkości odkształcenia. Również energia aktywacji Q w dużym stopniu zależy zarówno od temperatury jak i prędkości odkształcania. Wyniki obserwacji mikrostruktury TEM wykazały, że dynamiczne mięknięcie materiałów jest głównie wynikiem zachodzących procesów zdrowienia dynamicznego i rekrystalizacji stopu aluminium 6xxx.

6

The influence of strain rate on microstructure and mechanical behavior of P/M feal

Śleboda T.

Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 34, no. 2

133-138

EN

As part of a broader study of the thermomechanical processing of P/M FeAl alloys, this research is focused on the influence of processing strain rate on the microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of the processed materials. For the purposes of this study, water atomized FeAl powder was consolidated by hot pressing resulting in fully dense products. The consolidated P/M samples were thermomechanically processed in compression at 800 and 900oC at strain rates of 0.1 s-1 and 10 s-1, to a true strain of 1. The influence of thermomechanical processing parameters on the material flow and microstructural development of investigated alloy was analyzed. Considerable strain rate sensitivity of investigated alloy was observed, specially with reference to microstructural development.

PL

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań wpływu prędkości odkształcenia na rozwój mikrostruktury oraz charakter odkształcenia plastycznego stopu z grupy FeAl. W badaniach zastosowano rozpylany wodą proszek stopu. W pełni zagęszczone poprzez prasowanie na gorąco próbki z proszków poddano próbie ściskania w temperaturach 800°C oraz 900°C przy prędkościach odkształcenia równych 0.1 s(-1) oraz 10 s(-1), do wartości odkształcenia rzeczywistego równej 1. W materiałach odkształconych w temperaturze 800°C rozdrobnienie mikrostruktury nastąpiło tylko przy większej prędkości odkształcenia (10 s(-1) ), natomiast w temperaturze 900°C materiał uległ rekrystalizacji niezależnie od prędkości odkształcenia. Badania wykazały stosunkowo dużą czułość stopu na prędkość odkształcenia, szczególnie w odniesieniu do zmian strukturalnych związanych z procesami rekrystalizacji.

7

Grain refinement and mechanical properties of Cu-Al 10%- Fe 4% alloy produced by equal channel angular extrusion

Gao L. L., Cheng X. H.

Materials Science Poland

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2007

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Vol. 25, No. 4

1119--1126

EN

Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process was carried out for a commercial aliminium bronze alloy (Cu-Al 10%-Fe 4%) produced by hot-rolling at high temperatures. A suitable processing temperature of ECAE for the alloy was determined. The effect of ECAE on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the alloy was investigated. Experimental results showed that the extrusion temperature must be higher than the eutectoid reaction temperature of the alloy. Optical electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the microstructural evolution of the alloy. The results showed that the grains of the alloy were refined after ECAE and gradually reduced with the increase of the pass number; ccordingly, the mechanical properties of the alloy were significantly improved after ECAE.

8

The effect of alloy powder morphology on microstructural evolution of hot worked P/M FeAl

Śleboda T., Doniec K.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 28, nr 10

613-616

EN

Purpose: This paper presents the results of the research focused on the influence of both the starting FeAl alloy powder particle characteristics and the thermomechanical processing parameters on the microstructural evolution of these materials. Design/methodology/approach: Fully-dense FeAl alloy powder compacts were tested in compression on servohydraulic Gleeble testing machine, at the temperature range of 700*C to 1100*C, and at strain rates of 0.1 s -1 and 10 s -1. After processing, the microstructure of each deformed specimen was examined using optical microscopy. Findings: Considerable strain rate sensitivity of the investigated alloy was observed, especially with reference to microstructural development. The use of alloy powders in thermomechanical processing of FeAl alloys can substantially enhance the possibility to control both the microstructure and mechanical behavior of these alloys. Research limitations/implications: The influence of starting FeAl alloy powder particle morphology and processing strain rate on the microstructural evolution of investigated alloy was discussed. Practical implications: The results of this research could be directly employed in the design of deformation schedules for the industrial processing of FeAl alloys. Originality/value: FeAl alloy powder morphology influences the thermomechanical processing of P/M FeAl alloys, what was proved in this paper.

9

An interface-tracking model of moving boundaries in multi-phase systems: application to solidification

Browne D., Hunt J.

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2003

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Vol. 24, no 1

25-36

EN

A new approach to modelling of phase boundary migration is presented. In particular, a meso-scale model of alloy solidification, which can resolve solid grain boundaries as they grow through the diminishing liquid phase, has been developed. The initial condition is of a superheated, but cooling, liquid alloy in a domain with a mixed thermal boundary condition. After activation via nucleation of solid, the model tracks the phase boundaries as discrete fronts across a fixed computational grid, and the kineticsof motion are derived from theories of dendritic growth. Each interface is formed by interpolation between representative computational markers, and is the boundary between liquid and partial solid with a dendritic morphology. The model simulates the non-equilibrium growth of both a columnar front and equiaxed grains, and can thus be used to predict the final grain structure in metallic alloy castings. The evolution of microstructure and heat are fully coupled in the formulation. The method is illustrated by the example of the simulation of Al-Cu alloy solidification.