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EN
Microstrip antennas are high gain aerials for low-profile wireless applications working with frequencies over 100 MHz. This paper presents a study and design of a low cost slotted-type microstrip patch antenna that can be used in 5G millimeter wave applications. This research focuses on the effect of ground slots and patch slots which, in turn, affect different antenna parameters, such as return loss, VSWR, gain, radiation pattern, and axial ratio. The working frequency range varies from 24 to 28 GHz, thus falling within 5G specifications. A subset of artificial intelligence (AI) known as particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to approximatively solve issues involving maximization and minimization of numerical values, being highly challenging or even impossible to solve in a precise manner. Here, we have designed and analyzed a low-profile printed microstrip antenna for 5G applications using the AI-based PSO approach. The novelty of the research is mainly in the design approach, compactness of size and antenna applicability. The antenna was simulated with the use of HFSS simulation software.
2
Content available remote Wideband microstrip patch antenna for Sub 6 GHz and 5G applications
EN
This paper investigates a new shape of microstrip patch antenna designed for the sub 6 GHz range, including a 5G application. The proposed antenna was designed and simulated for the frequencies from 3.5 GHz up to 5 GHz using CST Software. The Rogers RT5880 substrate is used in this study and comes with 0.254 mm thickness and a dielectric constant of 2.2. The proposed antenna feeds by a quarter metallic ground plane attached with a microstrip feed line to improve the antenna impedance mismatch. The effects of the design variation parameters such as the size of the substrate, size of patch and size of the ground plane were observed and analysed in this study. The best antenna parameter was selected based on the return loss antenna performance. Lately, the finalised antenna was successfully simulated in terms of antenna performance.
PL
W tym artykule zbadano nowy kształt anteny mikropaskowej zaprojektowanej dla zakresu poniżej 6 GHz, w tym aplikacji 5G. Proponowana antena została zaprojektowana i zasymulowana dla częstotliwości od 3,5 GHz do 5 GHz przy użyciu oprogramowania CST. W tym badaniu zastosowano podłoże Rogers RT5880 o grubości 0,254 mm i stałej dielektrycznej 2,2. Proponowana antena jest zasilana przez ćwierć metalową płaszczyznę uziemienia połączoną z mikropaskową linią zasilającą, aby poprawić niedopasowanie impedancji anteny. W niniejszym badaniu zaobserwowano i przeanalizowano wpływ parametrów zmienności projektu, takich jak wielkość podłoża, wielkość płata i wielkość płaszczyzny podłoża. Najlepszy parametr anteny został wybrany na podstawie wydajności anteny z tłumieniem odbiciowym. Ostatnio ukończona antena została pomyślnie zasymulowana pod względem wydajności anteny.
EN
In this paper, a small (20 × 20 × 2.4 mm) loaded microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with an asymmetric artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) as a ground plane is designed for millimeter wave applications. Two AMC structures are proposed; one has the property of a 0 ◦ reflection phase around 28.4 GHz, with a symmetric geometry, which makes the reflection phase insensitive to variations in both polarization and incident angle. This symmetric AMC structure ensures angular stability which is considered as a major requirement when periodic structures are used as antenna ground planes. The other structure is characterized by an asymmetric geometry and shows an interesting behavior around 28.6 GHz, where a discontinuity in the reflection phase appeared due to the fact that surface impedance nature changed from purely capacitive to purely inductive. This paper studies the effects of the two proposed AMC structures on the performance of MPAs, by using an array of 8 × 8 unit cell elements as an artificial ground plane. Simulation results show that an MPA with a symmetric AMC ground plane offers better impedance matching and a wider bandwidth. Compared with conventional MPAs, gain is enhanced and directivity is improved as well. As far as an MPA with an asymmetric AMC ground plane is concerned, its performance in terms of gain and directivity is higher than that of the conventional solution.
EN
Indian regional navigation satellite system (IRNSS) or Navigation with Indian Constellation (NaVIC) is the satellite-based navigation system, established and controlled by the Indian Space Research Organization. It provides services of positioning, velocity, and timing for civilian and military applications. Ionospheric irregularities cause the fuctuations in the amplitude and phase of the received navigation signals; this phenomenon is known as scintillation. Scintillation can create the error in precise positioning and degrades the position accuracy of the navigation system. It varies with solar activity, geographical location, seasonal variation, day–night time, and elevation angle of satellites. The S4 index is one of the key parameters to estimate the amplitude scintillation to recognize the quality of the navigation signal. In this paper, amplitude scintillation characteristics are studied with IRNSS/GPS/SBAS in the Ahmedabad region which is at the average altitude of 53 m. S4 index is calculated and analyzed using the real-time navigation data of one week. Here, IRNSS/GPS/SBAS receiver with L1, L5, and S-band, is used to collect the data at low altitude station (IITRAM, Ahmedabad). The position error of normal sunny days is calculated using IRNSS/GPS/SBAS receiver. The probability of position error is also derived and found that it follows the gamma distribution function and validate it statistically using a chi-square test. This study also focuses on the efect of elevation of the satellite on the value of carrier to noise ratio at the location of IITRAM.
EN
A linear 1×4 antenna array built on the Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate is proposed in this paper to acquire high gain for 5G applications. The proposed design resonates at 38 GHz, i.e. in the Ka-band region, and has small patch dimensions of 5.5×2 mm. The design is simulated using CST studio. The main element consists of X-slot that provides a gain of 6.98 dB with the return loss of –24.25 dB whereas a linear array of 4 elements is made which is fed by the 50Ω m-line using the corporate feeding network which yields a gain of 13.84 dB, as well as the return loss is –15.72 dB. The centreto-centre spacing (d) of elements in the antenna array is 0.8λ.
EN
The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is a newly functional regional satellite navigation system around Indian subcontinent. It is also known as its functioning name of NaVIC, Navigation with Indian Constellation, working on L5 and S band. In this paper a compact and low cost circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is proposed for IRNSS S band application, to provide single frequency navigation solution. Fabrication of proposed antenna is performed using substrate of RT Duroid 5880 with the dimensions of 0.66λ × 0.5λ. The performance of IRNSS is investigated by prototype antenna and Accord made triband antenna with IRNSS/GPS/SBAS receiver which is enable to receive L1, L5 and S band data. The comparison of proposed S band antenna, triband accord system antenna and GPS antenna is presented in terms of carrier to noise ratio and positioning error. Results show that proposed antenna is suitable for S band application of IRNSS receiver.
PL
W niniejszym artykule opisano konstrukcję anteny mikropaskowej pracującej w paśmie 10,4-10,6 GHz. Struktura składa się z 4 liniowych podszyków po 28 elementów promieniujących, które zasilane są poprzez sprzężenie. Antena została zaprojektowana dla skanowania sektorowego z zawężeniem wiązki w płaszczyźnie elewacji. Zysk energetyczny w paśmie pracy anteny jest powyżej 26 dBi. Sprawność anteny jest większa od 80%, przy dopasowaniu lepszym niż -10 dB.
EN
In this paper the design of microstrip antenna operating in 10,4-10,6 GHz frequency band was described. The structure consists of 4 linear 28-element sub-arrays. Particular radiating elements are supplied by a coupling gap. The antenna was designed to achieve sector scanning with narrow beam in azimuth plane. Gain in the operating band is greater than 26 dBi with efficiency above 80% and matching better than -10 dB.
8
Content available remote Antena ultra-szerokopasmowa ze strukturą periodyczną
PL
Współczesne systemy transmisji bezprzewodowej wymagają coraz szerszego pasma celem przenoszenia szybkich strumieni danych. W takich systemach powstaje konieczność stosowania anten o ultra szerokim paśmie prac. W artykule przedstawiono mikropaskową antenę charakteryzującą się strukturą periodyczną i posiadającą własności metamateriałowe, której pasmo pracy wynosi 10,8 GHz.
EN
Modern wireless communications systems require more and more wide band in order to transport fast data streams. In those systems it is necessary to use ultra-wide band antennas. In the article the microstrip antenna with metamaterial property has been presented.
EN
In this paper a novel configuration of broadband multi slot antenna for C/X bands is presented and analyzed. By cutting two diamond slots in the middle of the rectangular patch and three triangular slots in the right side of the patch, resonances can be created. Microstrip feed line is used in the down side region of the patch. Antenna characteristics were simulated using a finite element method (HFSS). According to simulations, the proposed multiple slot antennas can provide two separated impedance bandwidths of 970 MHz (about 11.96% centred at 8.11 GHz band) and 890 MHz (about 9.76% centred at 9.42 GHz band) and stable radiation patterns, promising for satellite systems.
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