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Current pulses caused by microparticle motion in vacuum and gas high- voltage insulation systems

Zakrzewski S., Bieliński W., Opydo W.

Poznan University of Technology Academic Journals. Electrical Engineering

2009

No 60

97-102

The paper presents a computer program allowing for determining a time pattern of the current flowing through a vacuum or gas high-voltage insulation system, in result of the motion of a microparticle (being a small charged metallic particle) occurring in the inter-electrode gap. Moreover, the program calculates the velocity of the microparticle impact against the opposite electrode surface and the critical velocity of inelastic collision with the surface.

Fennosil 515 - poprawa retencji koloidalnej i wydajności

Sień D., Gaziński J., Fabrykowski P, Karczewski M., Strengell K.

Przegląd Papierniczy

2008

R. 64, nr 1

34-38

Arguably the most important factor in the wet end of your papermachine is Colloidal Retention. Colloidal trash can create problems with runnability and sheet quality. It doesn't let your retention system or additives work well, and it leads to deposits, holes, breaks, and overall papermaking chaos. Retaining this extremely small material in the sheet while it's still small is the only way to efficiently purge your papermachine wet end of this potential problem child. Anchor it on the fibers, in the sheet, to the reel, and out the doors the only way to be sure it's gone. Don't use dispersants that only try to push them back into the water, until they eventually saturate the wet end and deposit out somewhere, anywhere, everywhere! This type of chemistry just creates a Vicious Cycle where low colloidal retention creates foam from non-retained size, which prompts for increased defoamer dosage, which in turn hurts sizing and begs for more size addition; while the dispersant added to stop the forming deposits only hurts sizing even more, and back to the beginning of the cycle. Dispersants and detacktifiers don't work. Microparticle colloidal silica is highly recommended as part of your machine retention system to assure the best colloidal retention and amid these problems. Microparticle silica and cationic wet end starch together form a team, a net that fishes out this small material and holds it strongly onto the fiber. Silica has proven itself over the last 20 plus years. And now more than ever, where Sizing products depend so much on starch for emulsification and retention, it makes sense that the silica that works best together with starch will help sizing while it stops the Vicious Cycle from ever starting. Here we review the details of the mechanism; and a few case studies.