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1

The influence of micro-morphology and micro-structure on fly ash triboelectrostatic beneficiation

Wang Wenping, Chen Yinghua, Haisheng Li, Dong Haoran, Wang Guanghui

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2021

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Vol. 57, iss. 1

53--63

EN

Fly ash is a complex system with a variety of fine particles. The complex relationship between unburned carbon and ash particles has an important influence on the efficiency of fly ash triboelectrostatic beneficiation. The particles adhered to the two electrode plates are collected through the triboelectrostatic beneficiation experiment. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence are used to detect the microscopic differences between the particles of positive and negative plates. The results show that the flaky carbon particles in the raw ash and the ash particles larger than 4µm are more easily separated, while it is converse for the ash particles with particle size less than 4µm. With the particle size less than 4µm, it is gradually more obvious for the influence of adhesion caused by the roughness surface of spherical unburned carbon particles, and the surface pores structure of porous carbon particles. The binding structure between unburned carbon and ash particles is complex and changeable. It is not beneficial to improve the separation efficiency. Therefore, the micro-structure and micro-morphology have an important effect on fly ash triboelectrostatic beneficiation. Some suggestions were proposed from the microscopic point to improve the efficiency of fly ash triboelectrostatic beneficiation.

2

Interpretation of soil erosion in a Polish loess area using OSL, 137Cs, 210Pbex, dendrochronology and micromorphology – case study: Biedrzykowice site (s Poland)

Poręba Grzegorz, Śnieszko Zbigniew, Moska Piotr, Mroczek Przemysław, Malik Ireneusz

Geochronometria

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2019

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Vol. 46, no. 1

57--78

EN

Loess areas used for agriculture are susceptible to soil erosion. The intensive process of soil erosion in Polish loess areas began with the onset of the Neolithic and has continued intermittently until today. This work presents the results of soil erosion from simultaneous use of the 137Cs and 210Pbex methods on an agricultural field located on loess slope. Moreover, to establish the age of accumulated sediment connected with water slope erosion, OSL dating, selected physicochemical and micromorphological analyses were applied. The reference values of the 137Cs and 210Pbex fallout for the studied site (Biedrzykowice, the Proszowice Plateau, Małopolska Upland) equal 2627 (45% connected with Chernobyl) and 4835 Bq·m–2, respectively. The results of the 137Cs and 210Pbex inventories measured for the agricultural field range from 730 to 7911 and from 1615 to 11136 Bq·m–2, respectively. The mean soil erosion is about 2.1 kg·m–2·a–1 (about 1.4 mm·a–1). The accumulation of the colluvial sediments started in the Neolithic and drastically increased in the Middle Ages. The examined gully catchment in Biedrzykowice has probably developed quite rapidly as a result of increased erosion. This resulted in the abandonment of this area as farmland and, consequently, in the minimization of water erosion on the slope due to the entrance of woody vegetation in this area. Erosion processes were highly intensified during the last 70 years as a result of deforestation after World War II and intensive agricultural reuse of this area after a break, as indicated by isotope measurements and dendrochronology.

3

Lithological features of Vistula River channel deposits in the light of micromorphological analysis

Bielawska M.

Landform Analysis

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2015

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Vol. 29

3--8

EN

The aim of the study was to identify and assess the lithological features typical for alluvial sediments of Vistula River from the natural part of its course on 603 km of the river course. For this purpose, the micromorphological analysis was carried out for a sample taken from the surface of a tree covered island. The analysis is laborious, but its great advantage is that it allows to determine the detailed characteristics of undisturbed sediments, supplying other lithological studies. Examined thin section showed fractionation lamination within medium and fine sands, interbedded with coarser grains with some organic admixtures. Detailed analysis allows to detect gradual and sudden changes of discharge energy.

4

Mikromorfologia glin lodowcowych jako narzędzie w rekonstrukcji procesów subglacjalnych

Narloch W., Piotrowski J. A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 5

294--303

EN

Micromorphology has become an important tool in investigations of glacial tills. Structure and texture of tills studied in thin sections can be used to decipher the origin of tills, in particular their depositional and deformational history, but also to shed light on the nature of subglacial erosion, transport and deposition processes in general. In combination with laboratory experiments on till shearing under controlled conditions, micromorphology yields useful, quantitative data on till rheology that helps understanding the processes of ice movement over soft, deformable beds.This paper is a review of micromorphology applications to the study of subglacial tills as reported in the leading modern literature and presentation of a case study from Obórki site in north-central Poland that illustrates the potential of this method in the context of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet.

5

Pre-, syn- i postdepozycyjne obwódki ilaste na ziarnach w osadach klastycznych

Skolasińska K.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 4

226-231

EN

Clay coats on skeleton grains in clastic deposits may be of allogenic origin (detritical coats) or authigenic origin (diagenetic coats). Three types of allogenic coats are distinguished: predepositional - inherited grain rims, syndepositional - rotational plasters on skeleton grains, and postdepositional - coats resulting from mechanical clay infiltration and those formed during pedological processes. The aim of this paper is a review of literature on allogenic coats on skeleton grains, with emphasis on identification of features which may be helpful in distinguishing coats of different origin. Analyses of thin sections carried out by means of polarizing and scanning electron microscopes are suitable techniques to study microstructure of the coats. Basing on them it is possible to find distinct differences between allogenic and autigenic coats. The allogenic coats are often variable in thickness and sometimes laminated. They are usually polymineral and contain organic matter and iron compounds. The amount of coats within a layer may change significally. Some coats form geopetal structures. Distinguishing between detritical clay coats and authigenic clay coats becomes difficult in the case of rocks subjected to advanced burial diagenesis and resulting recrystalization of clay minerals. The correct interpretation of origin of the coatings on the basis of microstructural analysis is essential to further sedimentological interpratations, as it provides more data on conditions of sediment transport and deposition as well as early and late diagenetic processes. Results of microstructural analyses of glacial deposits performed by different researchers in the last years led to discovery of new mechanisms responsible for formation of detritical coats. Thus the questions of the origin of some coatings still remain open.

6

Sealing plates : structure, morphology and cross-linking

Anyszka R., Dobrowolski O., Schulz P., Ślusarski L., Tracz A.

Composites Theory and Practice

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2012

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R. 12, nr 3

159-164

EN

The technology of sealing plates has been outlined, paying attention to the analogy and differences between this technology and rubber technology. The structure and micro-morphology of sealing plates were investigated by the methods of SEM, AFM and nanoindentation. An oscillatory rheometer was successfully used to examine the cross-linking course of the elastomer contained in the plate and accompanying phenomena. Significant differences were found between the courses of sulfur and peroxide vulcanizations. It has been observed that the rubber contained in the plate, after cross-linking, does not form a continuous phase but occurs in the form of isolated clusters, mostly including very thin membranes. There are also numerous visible agglomerates of fillers, especially in the middle part of the plate. It has been found that during plate formation and rubber vulcanization, a considerable temperature gradient occurs. The findings create conditions for the modification of sealing plate technology.

PL

Omówiono w zarysie technologię płyt uszczelniających. Zwrócono uwagę na analogie i różnice między technologią płyt uszczelniających a technologią gumy. Zbadano strukturę i mikromorfologię płyt uszczelniających metodami SEM, AFM i nanoindentacji. Zastosowano z powodzeniem reometr oscylacyjny do badania przebiegu sieciowania elastomeru zawartego w płycie i zjawisk towarzyszących. Stwierdzono występowanie istotnych różnic między przebiegiem wulkanizacji siarkowej i nadtlenkowej. Zaobserwowano, że kauczuk zawarty w płycie, po usieciowaniu, nie tworzy fazy ciągłej, lecz występuje w postaci izolowanych skupisk, najczęściej są to błonki o bardzo małej grubości. Widoczne są również liczne aglomeraty napełniaczy, szczególnie w warstwie środkowej płyty. Ustalono, że podczas formowania płyty i wulkanizacji kauczuku w materiale występuje znaczny gradient temperatury. Wyniki badań stwarzają przesłanki modyfikacji technologii płyt uszczelniających.

7

Genetic interpretation of micromorphological features of gully less - soil deposits (case study : Kolonia Celejów, E Poland)

Mroczek P., Rodzik J.

Landform Analysis

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2011

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Vol. 17

125-130

EN

Five complex soil profiles in gully system on Nałeczów Plateau (E Poland) were examined. They represent the loess sediments modified by soil processes and postpedogenic transformations. Two examined profiles represent natural and mature Luvisols with diagnostic illuvial horizon (Bt argillic) developed on the edge of plateau geomorphologic level and in the relict valley bottom. The other soil profiles reflects postpedogenic soil degradation, redeposition and secondary accumulation (deluvia, colluvia and/or proluvia). Record of these processes are the micromorphological features created by lithological processes (=primary loess and secondary pedoliths) or by pedogenesis (mainly bioturbation, illuviation, de- and recalcification). The important group of microfeatures are pedorelicts which clearly confirm genetic dependences of pedoliths (deluvia and proluvia) and soils developed in situ and located in higher hypsometric levels in the catchment.

8

Zastosowanie analizy mikromorfologicznej w badaniach gleb i osadów czwartorzędowych

Budek A.

Landform Analysis

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2010

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Vol. 12

23-30

PL

Analiza mikromorfologiczna dotyczy głównie opisu i interpretacji komponentów, struktur i cech osadów i gleb o różnej genezie i wieku. Największą zaletą tej metody w badaniu środowiska jest możliwość obserwacji pod mikroskopem próbek o nienaruszonej strukturze. Dlatego też znalazła ona szerokie zastosowanie w naukach przyrodniczych jak geologia, nauki rolnicze, paleogeografia oraz w archeologii.

EN

The micromorphology concern with the description and interpretation of soil components features and fabrics. In this method fundamental is collection of undisturbed blocks with natural arrangement of soil or sediment component. The main aim is an understanding of the processes involved in soil formation, produced by normal force of nature or induced by the human activities. Using image analysis of thin section are definite each proprieties of features, such as the shape, the size, the frequency of appearing and the genesis.

9

Badania mikrotwardości i mikromorfologii powierzchni eksperymentalnych materiałów stomatologii odtwórczej

Karaś J., Szamałek K.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2010

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Vol. 13, no. 99-101

72--75

10

Geochemical composition of Vistulian loess and micromorphology of interstadial palaeosols at the Kolodiiv site (East Carpathian Foreland, Ukraine

Łącka B., Łanczont M., Madeyska T., Boguckyj A.

Geological Quarterly

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2007

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Vol. 51, No 2

127-146

EN

This paper summarizes geochemical and palaeopedological investigations of the Upper Pleistocene loess-palaeosol sequences at the Kolodiiv site. The Kolodiiv 2, 3 and 5 profiles were selected for this study. The Kolodiiv 2 profile contains loesses, interglacial (Eemian) and interstadial (Vistulian) palaeosols. A set of Early Vistulian soils over lying Eemian gyttja and peat is exposed in the Kolodiiv 3 and 5 profiles. The mineral composition of the 50-2 mm silt fraction was analysed using non-oriented powder samples by means of X-ray dif - fraction. The total concentrations of nine major (Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, K and Na) and nine trace elements (Zn, Pb, Ni, Rb, Cr, Sr, Ba, Co, V) as well as the humus content and loss on ignition were measured. The major elements concentrations in mineral deposits from the Kolodiiv 2 loess-palaeosol sequence indicate that the loess particles were derived from poorly weathered source rocks that have under - gone at least one sedimentary cycle. Climatic conditions have strongly in fluenced the mobilization and accumulation of elements in the palaeosol horizons due to the changes in the intensity of weathering and pedogenic processes. For the micromorphological study, ten samples from the Kolodiiv 3 and 5 profiles were used. Thin sections representing the Kolodiiv and Dubno set of palaeosols from Early Vistulian and Middle Pleniglacial show, be sides palaeopedologic characteristics, significant evidence of redeposition of sediments and soils.

11

Mikromorfologiczne cechy pokryw glebowych obszaru o najwyższych opadach na świecie - Cherrapunji, Wyżyna Meghalaya, Indie

Budek A., Prokop P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 4

293--298

EN

The paper presents the results of micromorphological analyses concerning soil covers near Cherrapunji with mean annual rainfall of 12 000 mm. Two soil profiles representing typical land use: grass formation (Cherrapunji–1) and natural evergreen forest (Cherrrapunji–2) have been choosen. Processes leading to formation of Dystric Cambisols predominate in both profiles. However they have different weathering features. Soil cover under grass has more weathered quartz and contains less feldspars compared to soil cover in the forest area. Soils are characterized also by a large volume of pores which is typical for the tropical humid areas. The rapid infiltration of large amounts of water protects forest soil from surficial erosion. In case of soils under grass vegetation, micropores are filled with fresh organic matter (fine roots and plants tissue). Since both profiles are located on similar substratum (Paleogene sandstones) and under the same climatic conditions, it is assumed that the micromorphological differences are due to long-term (several centuries) differences in local land use.

12

Mikromorfologia powierzchni ziaren eolicznego pyłu kwarcowego z pokryw stokowych Ślęży (Przedgórze Sudeckie)

Woronko B., Żurawek R.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 4

321-324

EN

Three samples of aeolian silty deposits from slopes of Mt. OElęża (Sudetic Foreland, SW Poland) have been observed in scanning electron microscope in order to define their characteristic micromorphologic features. Four categories of quartz grains have been distinguished, i.e.: fresh, coated, etched, and broken. The majority (up to 70 %) of particles was fresh, with well visible conchoidal or linear fractures, possibly with initial coating, the percentage of coated and etched particles varied depending on sample investigated and there were very few broken particles (less than 8 %). This characteristic shows that the silty deposits have been little affected by epigenetic processes . Fluvial sediments, fluvioglacial deposits or older aeolian covers have been assumed as possible source of the loessic silt.

13

Mikromorfologia utworów pyłowych w profilu Kończyce (Kotlina Oświęcimska)

Budek A., Drewnik M., Kacprzak A.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2004

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nr 409

63-73

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań mikromorfologicznych sześciometrowej serii osadów pyłowych, budującej górną część profilu osadów czwartorzędowych, odsłaniających się w żwirowni w Kończycach w południowej części Kotliny Oświęcimskiej. Celem badań była próba stwierdzenia, czy w profilu występują kopalne poziomy glebowe. Przeprowadzono analizy mikromorfologiczne na płytkach cienkich wykonanych z próbek o nienaruszonej strukturze, reprezentujących poziomy różniące się makroskopowo. Stwierdzono występowanie ilastych nacieków o różnym wykształceniu i stopniu zachowania, mogących reprezentować trzy generacje stref iluwiacji, w tym współczesną. W profilu stwierdzono liczne efekty działalności plejstoceńskich procesów mrozowych. Stwierdzono także wyraźne i liczne ślady działania glejowych procesów redukcyjnych, prawdopodobnie związanych z pedogenezą. W świetle przedstawionych wyników badań wydaje się, że w omawianym profilu zachowały się pozostałości dwóch generacji kopalnych gleb płowych. Ze względu na silny wpływ procesów glejowych i diagenetycznych określenie ich wieku jest jednak trudne i wymaga dalszych badań.

EN

The paper presents the results of micromorphological analyses concerning the 6 m thick series of silty material constituting the upper part of the profile of the Quaternary sediments exposed in the gravel pit at Kończyce in the southern part of Oświęcim Basin. The aim of the study was an attempt to investigate if any buried soil horizons occur in the profile. The micromorphological analyses were performed on thin sections made from undisturbed soil samples representing horizons that varied macroscopically. The occurrence of clay coatings of different development and preservation was observed. The coatings represent three illuviation zones, including the contemporaneous, Holocene soil. Numerous effects of the action of Pleistocene frost processes were described. Prominent and common effects of the action of redox processes, probably simultaneous with pedogenesis, were also described. In the light of the presented results, it seems possible to state that two generations of buried Albeluvisols can be observed in the profile. Due to the strong influence of gleyic and diagenetic processes, the determination of the age of paleosols in the studied profile is difficult and calls for further research.

14

Ocena wpływu światła laserowego na niektóre gatunki grzybów patogennych in vitro

Dobrowolski J. W., Budak A., Bogusz B.

Inżynieria Środowiska / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. S. Staszica w Krakowie

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1999

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T. 4, z. 1

115-124

PL

Niewłaściwy stan środowiska w miejscach pracy i mieszkaniach może być przyczyną zagrożenia zdrowia ludzi w wyniku m.in. rozprzestrzeniania się dermatofytów i innych grzybów patogennych (szczególnie po powodziach). Dlatego też zastosowanie różnych rodzajów laserów, np. Ar i HeNe zarówno o tej samej gęstości energii 3,4 W/m2 jak również impulsowego lasera N(2) (o energii 250 žJ w impulsie), oraz diody laserowej bez soczewki (800 W/m2) lub ze soczewką (200 W/m2) stanowiło przedmiot prac doświadczalnych. Hodowlę grzybów chorobotwórczych prowadzono na podłożu Sabourad z aktidionem, jak też wzbogaconym w selenian sodu w ilości 0,5 žg (1 ml zarówno hodowli grzybów jak też inoculum naświetlano laserami). Porównanie dotyczyło makro- i mikromorfologii, oraz oceny szybkości wzrostu materiału kontrolnego i doświadczalnego. W ten sposób stwierdzono zróżnicowanie reakcji u następujących gatunków. Najbardziej wrażliwy na promieniowanie UV wysyłane przez laser N(2) okazał się Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Natomiast to samo promieniowanie ultrafioletowe przyspieszało wzrost Trichophyton mentagmphytes. Zróżnicowanie reakcji zależy także od składu podłoża hodowlanego.

EN

The bad quality of the environment in working places and living rooms is health hazard for humans as a result of propagation of dermathophytes and other pathogenic moulds. Therefore the application of different types of laser e.g. Ar and HeNe at the some energy density 3.4 W/m2, as well as different energy density e.g. Ar - 170 W/m2 and HeNe - 2 W/m2 and also impulsive N(2) laser (at energy 250 žJ in impulse), and laser diode without lens (800 W/m2) and with lens (200 W/m2) - was undertaken. Cultures of the pathogenic fungi were performed on Sabourad milieu with actidion as well as this one fortified with 0,5 žg sodium selenate (1 ml both moulds cultures and inoculum on the some culture medium has been treated by lasers). The comparison was performed on the basis on micro- and macromorphology and measurement of control and experimental materials speed growth. There were found different reactions of the following species: Scopulariopsis brevicaulis has been the most sensitive to UV emitted by N(2) laser. The growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes was stimulated by the influence of Ultraviolet (UV). The effects are depended on composition of medium.