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Review on progress and challenges of the power generation systems at micro-scales

Chen J. J., Xu D. G.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

2015

Vol. 47

185--198

The miniaturization of electro-mechanical devices, and the resulting need for micro-power generation (milliwatts to watts) with low weight, long life devices, has led to the recent development of the field of micro-scale combustion and power generation. The primary objective of this new field is to leverage the high energy density of fuels, specifically liquid hydrocarbon fuels relative to batteries and all other energy storage devices other than nuclear fission, fusion or decay. Some brief scaling arguments are given in this work, and more detailed efforts are referred. A brief introduction to several of the fabrication techniques is presented in this work. Hydrogen-based and some preliminary specialty fuel micro-fuel cells have been successfully developed, and there is a need to develop reliable reformers (or direct conversion fuel cells) for liquid hydrocarbons so that the fuel cells become competitive with the batteries. In this work, the technological issues related to micro-scale combustion and the development of thermochemical devices for power generation will be discussed. Some of the systems currently being developed will be presented, ongoing critical study issues under investigation, and other potential areas of development discussed. Comments regarding the opportunities and limitations of each of the techniques are also presented where applicable.

Exploring laser-guided metal deposition through a microbe metabolite

Hocheng H., Chang K. E., Chang J. H., Wang J. C.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2009

Vol. 37, nr 2

639-643

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to describe exploring laser-guided metal deposition through a microbe metabolite. Design/methodology/approach: A maskless micro-fabrication of laser-guided deposition process through the metabolite of Acidophilic bacteria Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (T.f.) is explored. Findings: The authors have conducted an analysis of the metal deposition process using the point thermal-source of the Nd:YAG laser through the metabolite of Acidophilic bacteria Thiobacillus. An analytical model adopting the moving point heat source on the substrate and heat transfer conditions is presented. The thermal field generated by the laser input energy is investigated. Practical implications: Though the mechanism of the laser-assisted deposition process is not fully revealed by biologist yet, the current model provides a means of control of the line deposition of metals. Originality/value: Based on the fundamental knowledge of how the line width varies with laser power and scanning speed, more investigation of the mini-scale heat convection and the threshold temperature of chemical reaction is expected in the future for further understanding of this novel metal deposition method triggered and written by laser.