Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Opracowanie receptury i technologii wytwarzania mikroemulsyjnego, wielofunkcyjnego ekopreparatu przeznaczonego do mycia twardych powierzchni

Bocho-Janiszewska A., Sarna K., Wasilewski T., Seweryn A., Jasińska J., Pęksa M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2018

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T. 97, nr 7

1109--1113

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań nowego mikroemulsyjnego wielofunkcyjnego ekopreparatu do mycia twardych powierzchni. Ramowy skład preparatu obejmował mydło potasowe, mieszaninę niejonowych surfaktantów oraz ekstrakt z jeżyny. W celu opracowania odpowiedniej receptury sporządzono trójskładnikowy diagram Gibbsa, na którym zobrazowano obszary występowania emulsji i mikroemulsji w zależności od składu produktu. Opierając się na sporządzonym diagramie, wybrano cztery układy mikroemulsyjne, każdy z innej części obszaru występowania mikroemulsji. Traktując te układy jako prototypy produktów, przeprowadzono badania fizykochemiczne i użytkowe, analizując wpływ składu produktu na jego funkcjonalność. Badano lepkość, czas rozpuszczania w wodzie, właściwości pianotwórcze i mętność, a także stan powierzchni drewnianej po zastosowaniu preparatów. Analizowano połysk za pomocą połyskomierza oraz morfologię powierzchni techniką elektronowej mikroskopii skaningowej. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że zmieniając zawartość poszczególnych składników, można wpływać na funkcjonalność produktu, przez co można projektować odpowiednie preparaty myjące dostosowane do potrzeb konsumenta.

EN

Three microemulsion formulations of hard surface cleaners were prepd. by mixing K soap, non-ionic surfactants, blackberry ext. and H2O and studied for Gibbs diagram, viscosity, dissoln. time, foaming power, turbidity and cleaned surface gloss and morphol. The cleaners met the requirements and expectations of consumers.

2

Microemulsion as a means of NOx reduction in exhaust emission of diesel engines

Jankowski A.

Journal of KONES

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2016

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Vol. 23, No. 3

225--232

EN

Currently produced internal combustion engines used in transportation, must meet very stringent legislative requirements EURO VI, for the limited emissions of exhaust gases: CO, HC, NOx, PM, PN. One of the most toxic components and the most difficult to eliminate are nitrogen oxides NOx, which currently permissible amount in the exhaust gases shall be 80 mg/km. This result must be achieved, moreover, with the fulfilment of the limits for other exhaust components, and above all, the contents of particulate matter (PM, PN). It should be pointed out, that the mechanisms of the NOx and PM formation are opposed to each other; reduction of the NOx amount is generally associated with an increase in PM and vice versa. Therefore, issues of lowering the amount of NOx in the exhaust gases devote a lot of scientific work and engine research. Currently the most effective method of reducing the NOx is the selective catalytic reduction (SCR), which requires the additional installation of sophisticated equipment in the vehicle. Therefore, methods easier to implement and to operate are sought. One such method is the use of a microemulsion to supply as fuel to diesel engines, consisting of an emulsion of diesel oil, water and surfactant (surface-active compound). The use of the microemulsion results in that already in combustion chamber forms less of NOx, and therefore reduction of NOx in the exhaust system is easier. The publication presents results of SB 3.1 engine research on the engine test bench. The research was comparative in nature and thus, in the first stage of research conducted, the engine was fuelled with diesel oil, then the area of engine load and engine speed characteristics, in which the NOx emissions are greatest, was determined, and next, when engine was fuelled with various microemulsions, the engine investigation was conducted in this area. The microemulsions of diesel fuel and water comprise 10%, 20% and 30% water, selectively. The results of investigations show that, when the engine is fuelled with microemulsions, both NOx and PM, as the main component of diesel engine exhaust - soot (smoke) can be reduced at the same time. The article also discusses the differences between emulsions and microemulsions, and how they influence the combustion in the engine combustion chambers.

3

Badania nad wytwarzaniem mikroemulsji woskowych na bazie wosków pochodzących z odzysku

Antosz A., Lubowicz J., Syrek H.

Nafta-Gaz

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2015

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R. 71, nr 7

494--501

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad wytwarzaniem mikroemulsji woskowych na bazie wosków pochodzących z recyklingu odpadowych tworzyw poliolefinowych. Proces homogenizacji mikroemulsji woskowych prowadzono przy użyciu trzech różnych technik homogenizacji: wysokociśnieniowej, ultradźwiękowej i mechanicznej z zastosowaniem mieszadła ścinającego. Oznaczono wybrane właściwości fizykochemiczne i użytkowe wytworzonych emulsji.

EN

The article presents results of research into the production of wax microemulsion based on recycled polyolefin waste. The homogenization process of the wax microemulsion was conducted using three different homogenization techniques: high pressure, ultrasound and mechanical with a shear stirrer. Selected physicochemical and functional properties were determined for the produced emulsions.

4

Microemulsions Based on Propylene Glycol Diesters of Caprylic and Capric Acids

Jaworska M.A., Sikora E.S., Ogonowski J.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2013

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Vol. 15, nr 1

68-73

EN

The aim of this work was preparation and characterization of o/w nano and microemulsions containing Crodamol PCŽ as the oil phase. An influence of surfactants system applied in formulations on the properties of the obtained emulsions has been studied. The emulsions were prepared by phase inversion composition method. The measurement of the internal phase droplet size and the study of rheological properties were done. The obtained results showed that the prepared transparent emulsion systems are nano and microemulsion formulation. Moreover, it was concluded that the microemulsions stability and the size of the internal phase droplets depended on the type and the concentration of emulsifier and on the ratio of water phase to oil. Rheological studies have confirmed that the obtained microemulsions showed pseudoplastic behaviour.

5

Influence of chosen parameters of water fuel microemulsion on combustion processes, emission level of nitrogen oxides and fuel consumption of CI engine

Jankowski A.

Journal of KONES

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2011

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Vol. 18, No. 4

593-600

EN

The microemulsion is the emulsion with dimension of molecules approx. micrometre and smaller. Such microemulsion of water and diesel oil creates new quality and lets on obtainment ecological and economic of effects, as well as eliminates the disadvantageous influence common emulsions, or unprofitable effects of the injection of water to inlet system of the engine, direct to combustion chambers, as well as the sequential injection of water direct to combustion chambers. The essence of apply of the microemulsion is also improve catalytic influence of small molecules of water on combustion process, what, beside decreasing temperature combustion gases, influences both emission level components of toxic combustion gases, as and the level of the specific fuel consumption. The paper presents different ways of microemulsion production, novel way of microemulsion production, which does not demand apply of mixers and suffers obtainment of microemulsion with the volumetric content of water in diesel oil do 40% under conditions of laboratory and stabile the microemulsion with content of water in diesel oil to 25%. Results of laboratory research involving basic parameters of the microemulsion and engine researches with measurements emission ingredients of toxic exhaust gases and fuel consumptions are presented involving basic parameters of the microemulsion and engine researches with measurements emission ingredients (NOx, soot, fuel consumption) of toxic exhaust gases and fuel consumptions are presented in the paper.

6

Solubilizacja ex situ polichlorowanych bifenyli w niejonowych mikroemulsjach

Bazylińska U., Zielińska K., Wilk K. A.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2010

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T. 89, nr 4

296-302

7

Effective stimulation of tight gas and shale reservoirs with microemulsions

Zelenev A., Zhou B., Penny G.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2010

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nr 170 wyd. konferencyjne

297--301

EN

Effective production from tight gas formations is associated with overcoming high capillary pressure existing in such reservoirs. The latter causes a leak-off of completion fluids into a formation and results in formation damage due to pore blockage and in situ formation of emulsions. Chemical treatment with microemulsions significantly remediates formation damage, increases fluid flowback, and enhances formation permeability to gas, which has been demonstrated both in laboratory and field studies.

8

Dobór efektywnych inhibitorów korozji dla mikroemulsyjnych, trudnopalnych cieczy hydraulicznych

Dejnega B., Hordyjewicz-Baran Z., Mitka H.

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2010

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nr 11

550-552

PL

W referacie przedstawiono wyniki badań Instytutu Ciężkiej Syntezy Organicznej "Blachownia" związanych z opracowaniem efektywnego inhibitora korozji przeznaczonego dla mikroemulsyjnych, trudnopalnych cieczy hydraulicznych HFAE stosowanych w podziemnym górnictwie węgla kamiennego. Opracowany, wieloskładnikowy inhibitor korozji stali oparty jest na mieszaninie alkanoloaminowych soli N-oleilosarkozynianu oraz etoksylowanych amin i amidów tłuszczowych.

EN

The paper presents research results of the Institute on corrosion inhibitor package for steel and non-ferrous metals applied to fire-resistant hydraulic fluids for hydrostatic and hydrodynamic hydraulic systems in mining industry. Prepared multi-component corrosion inhibitor is based on mixture of alkanolamine salts of N-sarcosinates and ethoxylated fatty amines and fatty amides.

9

Some aspects using of micro emulsion fuel-water for supply of combustion engines

Jankowski A., Sowa K., Zabłocki M.

Journal of KONES

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2009

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Vol. 16, No. 4

531-538

EN

The emulsion is a mixture of two or more insoluble liquids. Microemulsion is the emulsion with particles dimension in a range of one micrometer and smaller. Such a microemulsion of water and diesel fuel will create a novel quality and allows one to simultaneously achieve environmental and economic effects, as well as eliminate the adverse impact of normal emulsions, or adverse effects of water injection into the engine intake system or directly into the combustion chamber, as well as the sequential injection of water directly into the combustion chamber. Application of microemulsion of water and diesel to fuel diesel engine positively affects the combustion process through the catalytic impact of microparticles of water and to improve the process of preparation of the microemulsion injection into the combustion chamber as a result of water microparticles microexplosions. This article presents the investigation results of an internal combustion engine fuelled by an emulsion of water and diesel fuel and also fuelled by emulsion of FAME and water. It therefore seems appropriate to a strong increase in the degree of dispersion of water droplets in the emulsion by applying the methods to obtain the size of water droplets on nanometric range. This should dramatically improve both the stability of emulsion and its influence on the chemical effects of combustion in diesel engine. The performed analysis and investigation is the first stage of work, which is aimed to reduce emissions of PM and NOx simultaneously. It seems that the simultaneous reduction in emissions is possible through the usage of a stable emulsion, i.e. water-fuel microemulsion.

10

ME_expert - a neural decision support system as a tool in the formulation of microemulsions

Mendyk A., Jachowicz R.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2006

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Vol. 26, no. 4

25-32

EN

The aim of this project was to create a tool for improvement of microemulsions formulation process. Microemulsions are promising drug forms allowing for improvement of solubility and enabling controlled release of drugs. As a modeling tool, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were chosen. ME _expert system was created basing on the neural expert committee constructed of 11 neural models. ANN were designed to predict occurrence of microemulsion basing on its particular quantitative and quantitative compostion. Generalization abilities of ME _expert were tested in laboratory trials, where 77% of accuracy was found for unknown composition of microemulsion.

11

Poliwinyloamina źródłem nowych możliwości rozwoju polimerów hydrofilowych

Bortel E., Witek E., Kochanowski A., Pazdro M.

Polimery

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2005

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T. 50, nr 7-8

491-500

PL

Przedstawiono przegląd wieloletnich badań poświęconych opracowaniu korzystnej pod względem możliwości wdrożenia do produkcji przemysłowej metody otrzymywania prekursora poliwinyloaminy (PVAm). Dopiero niespełna kilka lat temu koncern BASF wdrożył produkcję poli(N-winyloformamidu) (PNVF) z łatwo polimeryzującego N-winyloformamidu (NVF). Z PNVF w wyniku prowadzonej w łagodnych warunkach hydrolizy powstaje PVAm [równanie (4)] dostępna już na rynku handlowym, podobnie jak NVF i PNVK. Omówiono wyniki prac własnych dotyczących badania struktury NVF. Badania metodą 13C NMR pozwoliły na wyjaśnienie przyczyn większej reaktywności tego monomeru niż izomerycznego w stosunku do niego akryloamidu. Stwierdzono, że hydrolizie PNVF prowadzonej w środowisku zarówno kwasowym, jak i zasadowym towarzyszy nieopisane dotychczas wydzielanie amoniaku oraz związane z tym pojawienie się w PVAm pewnej ilości ugrupowań g-laktamowych [równanie (5)]. Obecność w PVAm grup NH2 związanych bezpośrednio z łańcuchem głównym stwarza rozmaite możliwości ich funkcjonalizowania (schemat A). Słabą rozpuszczalność w rozpuszczalnikach organicznych, stanowiącą wadę PVAm, można przezwyciężyć dzięki prowadzeniu polireakcji, a następnie reakcji modyfikujących, w mikroemulsjach. Jako przykład takiego postępowania podano polimeryzację metakryloamidu w mikroemulsji z następującym po niej sieciowaniem za pomocą aldehydu glutarowego [reakcja (6)]. Polimeryzacja NVF w mikroemulsji jest przedmiotem odrębnej pracy autorów.

EN

A review of a many-year-long research on the method of preparation of polyvinylamine (PVAm) precursor suitable for implementation into industry has been presented. Just a few years ago BASF introduced the production of poly(N-vinylformamide) (PNVF) from easily polymerizing N-vinylformamide (NVF). PNVF hydrolysis in mild conditions leads to PVAm [equation (4)], which is now available on the market as well as NVF, and PNVF. The results of own research concerning NVF structure investigation were discussed. 13C NMR investigations let explain the higher reactivity of this monomer than of isomeric acrylamide. It was also found that PNVF hydrolysis in both acidic or basic environment was accompanied with ammonia evolution, not described up to now in the literature, what resulted in formation of some amount of g-lactam units in PVAm [equation (5)]. The presence of NH2 groups in PVAm, bonded with backbone, creates various possibilities of their functionalization (Scheme A). Low solubility of PVAm in organic solvents is really a disadvantage but carrying out the polyreactions and then modification reactions in microemulsions let overcome it. Polymerization of methacrylamide in microemulsion with subsequent crosslinking with glutaric aldehyde [reaction (6), Fig. 5 and 6] is given as an example of this manner. NVF polymerization in microemulsion is a subject of another paper of the authors.

12

Hydroformylowanie długołańcuchowych olefin w mikroemulsji z zastosowaniem hydrofilowego katalizatora rodowego

Tic W.J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2004

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T. 83, nr 2

87-90

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań doświadczalnych tworzenia mikroemulsji w modelowym układzie hydroformylowania olefin, który zawierał 1 -heksen, 1-heptanal, wodę, butanol, dodecylosiarczan sodu (SDS) i/lub sól trisodową tri(m-sulfofenylo)fosfiny (TPPTS-Na). Wytypowane układy zastosowano w reakcji hydroformylowania 1-heksenu. Mieszanina po reakcji uległa rozdziałowi na fazę wodna i organiczną.

EN

A model ag. 25-50% BuOH. (contg. 2.7% Na dodecylsulfate (SDS)) 1-hexene hydroformylation system was used to study the formation of microemulsions and the actMty of a hydrophilic hydrogencarbonyltri[sodium tri(m-sulfophenyl)phosphine]rhodium catalyst. SDS, 2.7%, reduced the interfacial tension of H2O-1-hexene (or n-hexane) from 31 only to 4 mN/m; the system was emulsifiable. With (43:57%) BuOH~H2O and SDS > 17%, 150 g 1-hexene could be solubilized per 100 g water phase; 1-heptanal required 25% of SDS. In 50 g (43:57) BuOH-H2O, 0.1 mol 1-hexene was hydroformylated in 97% (2 MPa, 100°C, Rh 500 ppm) with (1:1) H2-CO to yield 188 mmols/h aldehydes. The products were sepd. by adding BuOH-H2O to the system.

13

Self-Assembling Systems in Restricted Geometry

Ciach A., Tasinkevych M.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2001

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Vol. 75, nr 1

1-28

EN

Results obtained within Ciach-Hoye-Stell model of oil-water-surfactant mixtures in restricted geometry are reviewed. Special attention is paid to ordering effects of a surface (or two parallel surfaces) close to phase boundaries between lamellar and microemulsion or water-rich phases. Relations between the structure of the confined self-assembling system and the measurable quantities are discussed. Predictions of the Ciach-Hoye-Stell model are compared with Landau-Ginzburg and membrane theories and with experimental results.