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Study of The Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Water from River Innaouene, Taza Province, Morocco

Fiouz Abderrahim, Chakiri Said, Najem Ayoub, El Hezzat Mounir, Abbou Mohamed Ben, Lamnii Abderrahim, Chibani Abdelkader, Aouji Marouane, Warad Ismail, Zarrouk Abdelkader

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

254--271

EN

In recent decades, the province of Taza has undergone extensive agricultural modernization, marked by an increase in industrial units such as modern oil mills and olive canneries. At the same time, rapid population growth has exacerbated an important problem, the deterioration of the quality of water resources in limited quantities. This study explored the heart of matter by meticulously sampling physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters at eight strategically chosen sites. Conducted in late July 2021, the survey focused on the surface waters of the Innaouene River, providing a timely and insightful examination of the complex dynamics of water quality in the context of modernization and demographic change. This work focused on the determination of physicochemical and microbiological parameters of water. The results of the analyses show that this river is subject to multiple constraints and reaches its tolerance level on most of its sections. A multivariate statistical approach: principal component analysis (PCA) has shown that water pollution in the Innaouene River is mainly related to untreated wastewater discharges into streams. Water quality is considered bad to very bad. Therefore, ecological and health impacts can occur.

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Characterization of Two Olive Mill Wastewater and Its Effect on Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Germination and Seedling Growth

El Kafz Ghizlane, Cherkaoui Essediya, Khamar Mohamed, Benradi Fatima, Nounah Abderrahman

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 11

207--217

EN

In Morocco, the olive industry produces a large quantity of olive mill wastewater (OMW) every year for a short period (November to February). The physicochemical properties and quantities of these effluents depend largely on the extraction system used. The aim of this study is to characterize these effluents for the purpose of evaluating their impact on Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) germination and seedling growth. For this purpose, a germination experiment was conducted, wherein 25 Fenugreek seeds were positioned on filter paper within Petri dishes. Subsequently, these seeds were subjected to varying concentrations of water sourced from two olive crushing processes: the Continuous System (OMW-CS) and the Semi-Modern System (OMW-SM) (0%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). The Petri dishes were then placed in an incubator set at 25 °C for a duration of 8 days. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed that both types of water had an acid pH and were rich in organic matter. The 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) values were similar, while the chemical oxygen demand (COD) values were quite different. Microbiological analysis revealed that yeasts and fungi were the main constituents of the flora of these wastewaters, with no significant difference between the two types of OMW. However, the total number of aerobic mesophilic flora was higher for OMW-CS than for OMW-SM. Analysis of variance revealed a highly significant difference between OMW-CS concentrations (F = 2998.667; p <0.000) and OMW-SM (F = 2839.778; p <0.000). A minimal germination rate (30%) was recorded for OMW-CS at a concentration of 10%. For OMW-CS, total inhibition of germination was observed at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, while for OMW-SM, this inhibition was recorded above a concentration of 2%.

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Determining the Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Parameters of the Water Quality in the Batllava Lake, Kosovo

Kashtanjeva Albana, Vehapi Idriz, Kurteshi Kemajl, Paçarizi Musaj

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 9

231--240

EN

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of water in lake Batllava, through which, a part of the population of the Pristina region is supplied with drinkable water. Lake Batlava is a lake built in the 1970s. This lake is located in the village of Batlava in the municipality of Podujeva. The supply of this lake with water is made from the Brvenica river. Monitoring was finished during the period from December 2020 to May 2021. The sample were taken in three championic places: at the entrance of the lake, in the middle and in the spill, on two levels, in the surface and at depth of 30 cm. The analyzed microbiological parameters are: total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci and aerobic mesophilic bacteria. The physical-chemical parameters are: dissolved oxygen, saturation with O2, water temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, total soluble matter, total suspended matter, turbidity, chemical demand for oxygen, biochemical demand for oxygen, total organic carbon, nitrate, total solidity of calcium, magnesium, ammonia ion, chloride, sulphates, fluurite, M-alkalines, bicarbonates and heavy metals, such as: Fe, Pb, Mn, Cu, Cd. The results showed that most physical-chemical and microbiological parameters are within the limit allowed by the WHO and EPA, except in some cases where during the precipitation season there have been several overruns and for this reason, it is recommended to take monthly monitoring of the water of Lake Batllava to achieve a real assessment.

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Assessment of the Actual Status of the Cikapundung River Waters in the Densely-Inhabited Slum Area, Bandung City

Rusdiyanto Edi, Sitorus Santun R. P., Noorachmat Bambang Pramudya, Sobandi Ramalis

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 11

198--208

EN

This research was intended to analyze the water quality of the Cikapundung River in Bandung City around the densely-inhabited slums and also to analyze the total number of bacteria coliform and Escherichia coli in the Cikapundung River, Bandung City. The research data was obtained by observing and performing a laboratory analysis through the assessment of environmental quality standard threshold based on the Government Regulation (PP) No. 82 of 2001. The results of laboratory analysis show that the actual condition of water quality of the Cikapundung River is overall classified as polluted, indicating 7 microbiological and physico-chemical parameters which have exceeded the quality standard such as: TSS, DO, BOD, COD, detergent/surfactant, total coliform, and Escherichia coli. In the upper part, there are 6 parameters below the quality standard, consisting of 4 physicochemical parameters and 2 microbiological parameters. In the middle part, there are 8 parameters below the quality standard consisting of 6 physico-chemical parameters and 2 microbiological parameters. In the lower part, there are 6 parameters that exceeded the quality standard consisting of 4 physico-chemical parameters and 2 microbiological parameters. The seasonal difference of parameters averagely has shown that the water quality in the rainy season is better than in the dry season. However, on average, the water sampling taken before flowing to the village has a better quality than past the village.

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Ocena parametrów fizyczno-chemicznych oraz mikrobiologicznych osadów ściekowych w zależności od sposobu ich stabilizacji

Małachowska-Jutsz A.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2006

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T. 9, nr 4

395-407

PL

Porównywano stan sanitarny oraz parametry fizyczno-chemiczne osadów ściekowych w zależności od sposobu ich stabilizacji. Oceniano również możliwość wykorzystania tychże osadów do celów przyrodniczych. Badania prowadzono w dwóch oczyszczalniach ścieków pracujących w systemie "Bardenpho". Próby osadów pobierane były w odstępach trzytygodniowych z czterech punktów pomiarowych. Wykonywano dwa rodzaje badań: mikrobiologiczne oraz fizyczno-chemiczne. W osadach z obu oczyszczalni po procesie stabilizacji nie stwierdzono obecności żywych jaj pasożytów oraz pałeczek z rodzaju Salmonella. We wszystkich próbkach osadu z oczyszczalni I stwierdzono zwiększenie miana bakterii typu coli oraz Clostridium perfringens po stabilizacji, w przypadku oczyszczalni II nie odnotowano zmiany tego wskaźnika w połowie próbek, co może wskazywać na niedostateczną higienizację osadu. W osadach z obu oczyszczalni po procesie stabilizacji stwierdzono spadek liczby bakterii Streptococcus faecalis, zmniejszenie zawartości części organicznych, a wzrost mineralnych. Na podstawie analiz fizyczno-chemicznych stwierdzono w osadach pochodzących z oczyszczalni I podwyższoną zawartość cynku, co dyskwalifikuje wykorzystanie tych osadów do celów rolniczych. Można ich jednak użyć do rekultywacji terenów zdegradowanych, jako że ustabilizowane osady ściekowe posiadają znaczną wartość nawozową.

EN

From the general point of view, the main task of the municipal sewage treatment plant is sewage treatment. The total technological process is optimized regarding the quantity of the contamination removed. The treated sewage and sewage sediments, form the final product of the process. Regarding the quantitative aspect, the final products constitute only 1 ÷ 2% volume of the treated sewage, nevertheless their stabilization increases the costs even by 30%. This issue, arises the necessity of treating the sewage sediments like material, which has to be recycled and used to the greatest possible extent, to ensure at least partial refund. It is estimated, that about 71% of the sediments in Poland is stored. Only 29% is used for the industrial and agricultural purposes, composted or transformed by thermal methods. In EU countries the situation is quite the opposite. The purpose of the paper was to compare the number of organisms, which constitute a sanitary index and physical-chemical parameters of sewage sludge depending on the stabilization method, moreover the paper aims to assess the exploitation possibility of stabilized sediments for the scientific purposes. The research has been conducted in two sewage treatment plants that operate on Bardenpho systems. The samples of the sediments were taken in three week interval's, from five surveying sites. Two types of research were carried out: microbiological and physical-chemical. No eggs of living parasites or Salmonella bacillus were found in the sediments from both treatment plants. In the case of the stabilized sediments' samples collected from the 1st treatment plant, augmenter titers of cola and Clostridium perfringens bacterium were found. The samples taken from the 2nd treatment plant did not reveal any changes, due to the insufficient hygiene of the sediment. In the stabilized sediments from both treatment plants, following changes were observed: a decrease in the quantity of Streptococcus faecalis, reduction of organic matter and an increase of mineral one. On the basis of the physical and chemical analysis increased amount of zinc was observed in the sediments from the 1st treatment plant, what makes the usage of these sludges for agricultural purposes impossible. Nevertheless, it is possible to use them in land reclamation processes, as stabilized sewage sludges have significant fertilizing properties.

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O potrzebie i możliwości różnicowania ocen jakości wód jeziornych na podstawie wyników badań mikrobiologicznych

Deptuła W.M., Poleszczuk G., Stosik M., Nahurska A.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2001

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Vol. 8, nr 6

539-557

PL

Ocena jakości wód jeziornych w Polsce dokonywana jest zwykle według kryteriów Systemu Oceny Jakości Jezior (SOJJ), wprowadzonego do powszechnego stosowania w 1992 r., m.in. przez Państwową Inspekcję Ochrony Środowiska. Jednym z mankamentów SOJJ jest niemożność różnicowania jakości wód zdegradowanych ekosystemów jeziornych, zwykle o wysokiej podatności na degradację, określanych jako poza klasą. Celem tej pracy było zweryfikowanie tezy, że oznaczanie większej liczby wskaźników mikrobiologicznych, niż wynika to z przepisów SOJJ i przepisów dotyczących oceny jakości powierzchniowych wód śródlądowych w Polsce, umożliwi przeprowadzanie zróżnicowania oceny jezior o wodach pozaklasowych. Do badania wytypowano te mikrobiologiczne wskaźniki jakości wód, które są zalecane do badania przy określaniu jakości wód o różnym przeznaczeniu użytkowym przez przepisy Unii Europejskiej. Weryfikację tezy przeprowadzono na podstawie zgromadzonych wyników badań wykonanych według własnych kryteriów oceny klasowości wód jeziora Warnowo w Wolińskim Parku Narodowym i 12 innych jezior na Pomorzu Zachodnim. Wykazano, że użyte procedury umożliwiły wskazanie wśród jezior o wysokiej podatności na degradację i niskiej klasowości wód (wody pozaklasowe) tych zbiorników, których wody były znacząco obciążone zrzutem ścieków komunalnych. . .

EN

In Poland water quality classes are usually estimated according to the criterions of the evaluation of lake water quality system (SOJJ) that was introduced into general use by the State Inspectorate for Environmental Protection (PIOŚ) in 1992. A drawback of SOJJ is the impossibility of precise differentiation of degraded lake ecosystems water quality. This is very important in case of reservoirs which are characterized as classless water. The aim of this researches was a verification of the thesis that more numerous microbiological determinations than those recommended by SOJJ regulations and Polish standards would make it possible to differentiate the classless waters. As the object of the researches the microbiological indexes were chosen which were recommended by the UE regulations. The thesis was verified on the base of results of the researches which were done according to the individually worked up criterions for Warnowo Lake (in the Wolin National Park) and 12 different lakes in the Western Pomeranian Province. II has been shown the procedures used enabled to indicate these lakes which characterize a high susceptibility to degradation and low water quality (classless water). It concerns the reservoirs polluted significantly with the municipal sewage load.